Ekiragiro kya Japan eky'obutonde bw'ensi tekikola ku nkola y'enkola ey'okumanyiira embeera y'obutonde olw'okwonoonebwa kw'obutonde oba ebbula ly'amako. Kino kye kirawulo ekiraga endowooza ezikyukakyuka ezibadde zikola ku ggwanga okuva ku kiseera eky'entalo. Okuva ku kunoonya eby'amakolero mu makolero okukka okutuukira ddala ku kulembedde obutebenkevu n'embeera y'obudde, enteekateeka z'eby'amateeka ezifuga embeera y'eby'obudde ne enkula y'obutonde ekoleddwa olw'okwewalana kw'enkola y'okwesambajja. Okutegeera endowooza eno kya mugaso okutegeera ensonga lwaki Japan egoberera enkola eya njawulo mu ku butonde obwa bulijjo, era n'obukulembeddwa mu mateeka obwa bapayoniya awamu n'okukulemberwako.

Ekitundu kino kikebera endowooza z'edda ezikyusa enkola z'eby'obutonde mu Japan. Kinokola ku nkyukakyuka okuva ku makolero agakolerwa bizineesi ne kidda ku ntegeka y'obutonde bw'ensi, ate oluvannyuma ne kituukira ku nkola y'okuleetawo ennywevu mu nsi yonna. Nga kyekenneenya amateeka n'enkyukakyuka mu nkola z'obufuzi, kiraga engeri obufirosoofo n'endowooza abantu gye biyinza okuleetawo entuufu mu mateeka.

Ebyafaayo: Okuva ku Kuwona Obulwadde ng’Entalo Zivudde ku Nkomera n’Okuddamu Okulaba Amawulire Amalungi

Etteeka ekkulu ennyo erikwata ku nkola y'obutonde bw'ensi mu Japan lirina ekigendererwa eky'okuzzaawo n'okuzzaawo obwetwaze oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II. Eggwanga lyava mu lutalo olw'enkomeredde, ng'amakolero gaago gaagootaanye nnyo era n'eby'enfuna ne bigootaanye. Gavumenti ya Japan yalina obwannakyewa obw'amaanyi obwagendera ku ttwale lya kakwate n'eby'enfuna. Omuntu okuzzaawo enzijanvu lyalina okuzzaawo obutumbula eby'enfuna by'ensi eno mu ngeri y'amaanyi.

Okweyongera kuno okutayinza kufuga kwajjawo mu mitendera gya 1960. Egyo gyayitirira "1960, Japan yafuna obuyituzi "laboratory y'obutonde bw'ensi" olw'ebizibu ebyayo eby'okwonoonebwa. Progrees nga Minta (mutephycury hease), Itai-itai (mufixium drogues) obulwadde bw'ensika (ekikoserozi) era akasaale w'ekika kya Yokaichiafiisa emitwe gy'ensika. Ebibambabya ebyo tebyagwa mu bya tekikoma buteesoozi, wabula byava mu ndowooza eya bulijjo eyatwalibwa ng'enjereere ey'endwadde y'etwanyi. Ennambalo mu mateeka mu Japan tewalina buvuzi n'obutebenkerevu. Mu kifo ky'obutuufu bw'eby'eby'ebyenfuna, enkola y'eby'eby'eby'eby'enfuna by'eggwanga, nga essa essira ku nkola y'ensonga y'eggwanga.

Enkyukakyuka yajjawo ku ntandikwa y'emyaka gya 1970, nga bakubirizibwa n'enkyukakyuka mu nnyanja mu ndowooza z'abantu. Ebibinja by'abatuuze, gavumenti z'omu kitundu, n'abaziyiza baatandika okuwakanya endowooza z'abantu. Kino tekyali nkyukakyuka ya mbagirawo naye kyali nkyukakyuka ya bunnambiro. Ekibiina kyava ku nteekateeka ya bannakyewa ey'eby'obutuuze n'ey'okuba nti waliwo enkolagana ennungi mu bantu. Ekyavaamu kyali kigaani ekyajjawo: obubenje bw'okutumbula embeera y'eby'obudde si kwe buteebeerekereza kyokka, wabula kyali kyetaagisa abantu okuteekawo enteekateeka y'obutebenkevu mu kifo eky'okuba nti abantu babeere n'emirembe.

Endowooza Enkulu Ezaaweetaagibwa Amateeka g’Enjawukana mu Japan

Dravity and Instruction (1950s-1960s)

Endowooza eyasooka yali tekinosoosa mwoyo gwa ggwanga. Gavumenti yeetwala okuba omuwanika mu kukulaakulana kw'eggwanga, era n'ekubiriza abantu okutuukiriza ebiruubirirwa byabwe. Amateeka ag'obutonde gaatwalibwa ng'ebiremesa omulimu guno. Bakampuni ba porotoko ne babuleausractrates baategeeranga nti okwonoonebwa kw'obutonde kwali kwa kabi naye kwali kwa kwetaagisa okukolebwako. Enkola y'amateeka yalaga kino: Amateeka g'enkola eya Kekkekwa y'Enoloji ey'Enfuga oba Enkonkola y'obutebenkevu (1967) gaali mateeka amanafu, agafuga obukyayinja. Yagamba nti okukugira okuyononoonebwa kw'onoona okw'ofu n'ebyenfuna bya bya bya makolero ge byago. Enkola eno eya "shalomooteerome" yasigala mu 1970, nga ekola ku ku kukulaakulana kwa bya makolero ge.

Okukulaakulana kw’Eddembe ly’Ennansi n’Enneenyigidde mu Bulagirizi (1970)

Mu 1970, gavumenti z'ensi zaatandikawo enkola ey'okuleetawo enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'enkyukakyuka mu sistemu. .Escape kyali "Pollition Diet" mu 1970, ekitundu ekyakolebwa mu ggwanga eryayisa etteeka eriggya 14 mu mwaka gumu. Amateeka gaamenyebwa olw'enkola ya kabunyinyinyi ennywevu ennyo, ne gavumenti z'omu kitundu nga zikulemberwa bameeya abagenda mu maaso, era nga zitwala nti amateeka gaago gaali gataayiiriddwawo obukyayinja mu bantu. Amateeka ga Bukongeri agafuga okumanyibwa kw'amateeka ga Bumeebuzi obwalimu "eddembe ly'enkola enfugeetindo" ne "ooobumenyi bw'obumenyi bw'amateeka obuva mu kifo eky'okuzzaawo okusaawula okw'okwonooneka kw'okwonoona obutonde, amateeka amapya gaamanyibwa nti abatuuzembeye buyonjo, era nti abo abalwoonoona enko y'obutebe obutebe obunene babadde babadde baggyiriiriiriiriiriirimu (1968, 1970), era n'amateeka ne

Enkulaakulana era n'obutuuze bw'ensi yonna (1990s-Presenter)

Mu myaka gya 1990, enkola y'enkola ey'okumanyisa obutonde yali emaze okugaziwa mu ngeri y'okumanyisa ebifa ku butonde. Japan, ng'obuyinza obw'amaanyi mu by'enfuna era ng'okuteeka akabonero ku ndagaano y'ensi yonna nga Rio Declaration ne Kyoto Proto Paratical, yatandika okutandikawo sistemu y'amateeka "e Entegeka Enneentoko n'ebitundu byayo". Ekiragiro kino kyatandika okussaawo amateeka aga bulijjo mu 1993. Amateeka ag'enkyukakyuka okuva ku mateeka aga bulijjo mu 1967, gas" agay'enkola enjereere wakati w'enkan'enkan'ebitundu, n'okugoomera, n'okulaga okugattikanya kwa Japan okusobola okuteeka mu nkola enziro enfuze ey'eby’eby’eby’omwoyo. Kyokka, endowooza endala okuva ku n'obutebe bw'eby'eby'ebyenfuna eby'omu nsi ebitegeke ebiri mu Njouni, byamanyibwa ne ku ngeri endala ezikolebwa mu Njouni, ebiva mu N-ssss.

Okunoonyereza ku Case: Enjigiriza mu Kukwata Amateeka

Etteeka Ery’Ekiseera Ekikulu erikwata ku Kusikira Environmental Influeant (1967): Enjigiriza y’Okugoosa Obugolokofu

Etteeka ery'enjawulo eryali lirina akakwate n'okukuuma obutonde. Amateeka gaago gaagoogerwa bannasayansi abatya ennyo amateeka, era nga bataddewo enkola eyagobererwanga mu byakolero bibiri. Amateeka agaagala okuteeka mu kifo eky'okukuuma obutonde. Amateeka agaterekebwa ku mateeka agabakugira ennamba, ebiragiro eby'okugoberera gavumenti ez'omu kitundu n'amakolero. Kino kyava ku nzikiriza nti eby'enfuna, singa byalekebwawo okugaziwa, byandireeseteeseteese obugagga obwetaagisa okuyo okuyonjanja mu kweyonjanja. Kino kyalemererwa mu ngeri eyeewuunyisa, ng'obulwadde bw'eby'obweyongera mu myaka gya 1960.

Ekitabo Basic Environment Law (1993): Endowooza Empya ey’Eby’Obulamu

Ku luuyi olulala, etteeka ery'enjawulo eryakolebwa mu 1993 Basic Environment Law lyasibuka ku ndowooza ekola ku kintu ekimu. Etteeka eryo lyaggyawo ebigambo ebikwatagana obulungi n'ensonga y'obutonde obutwetoolodde. Etteeka eryo lyassaawo omusingi nti okukulaakulana kw'eby'enfuna kulina okukolebwa mu ntegeka z'obutonde bwonna, era lyatandikawo enkola ey'okumanyisa obutonde bwonna, nga mwe muli n'okumanyibwa kw'ensi yonna, okulondooza enkola y'okulondooza enkola y'obutonde bw'obutonde bw'ensi eno, n'okulondoobw'obutonde bw'obutonde bw'ensi. Amateeka gaago gaago gaateeka mu nsonga y'okukuuma obutonde bw'ensi ne za za za za kika nga tegasaagookka okusobola okuziganya enkola ey'okuziganya enkola ya bya tekinoonefu n'eby'eby'eby'enfuna.

Amateeka Agakwata ku Buzibu Obubaawo mu Nsi Yonna (1998) n’Agaago g’Omukago 3 oba 11

Endowooza z'ensi mu Japan kye kifo ekirala ekikulu ennyo mu kukwata engeri y'obudde. Mu 1998, mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, mu nteekateeka za Global Honging Counters Law, mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Ebiwandikiro ebyasooka byagattibwa kyeyagalire ne dduyiro lya kampuni (KeidanOffy Act Plantion). Kyokka, akabenje ka nunti 2011 Fukushima kaakaka okusiikiriza endowooza y'amaanyi ga n'ennono ya gavumenti okumanyibwa ku ngeri y'okwerinda. Gavumenti y'okusobozesa okumanyibwa kwa maanyi ga n'ennono okumanyibwa ku n'ennono ya "nyukkuse" ku kumanyibwa kwa maanyi ga n'ennono, nga ye yamanyibwa ku ku kyeyisiddwawo mu ngeri y'okumanyiribirisa amanya amatwalo ga n'enkussusso, ate nga mu ngeri y'ensonga endala ey'obuyinza obutongole kya Ssette mu nsi ya . projectivestings produceriticeat'ey'ey'ey'

Ebizibu Ebibaawo mu Kiseera Kino n’Obuzibu Obw’Endowooza Embi

Leero, etteeka lya Japan lifuga engeri ez'enjawulo ez'okumanyisa obutonde bw'ensi. Obukyayi obw'amaanyi busatu tebukyaliwo. Ekisooka, n'okukaayana kw'amaanyi aga nnyinimu, n'obububuga kweyongedde okuleetawo obutategeeragana ku maanyi aga nnyini amanda, okutemagana. Obuzibu obw'amaanyi mu ggwanga lino bulina ku kigero ekisingira ewala mu mawanga agaakulaakulaakulaakulaakula, ekintu ekikkirizibwa olw'amaanyi g'amaanyi g'amanda g'ensi mu nsi, ate nga gavumenti z'eggwanga ziteeka essira ku bintu ebizisobozesa okuteeka mu n'okukendeeza kkopi ez'amaanyi ga carbon. Ekyokubiri, n'ebirowonna ebikolebwa mu kifo eky'okumanyibwa n'okumanyirivubira mu kifo eky'okumanyibwa obukya bulijjo. Obumuvuufumu bw'ekimu mu nsi eyo buteeka amateeka mu bitundu bya waggulu, obugazi ne mu bitundu bya karbokisi ne mu bitundu ebinene ebikola enne.[Fothebwa protee

Ekyokusatu, n'empandika ey'ensi yonna endowooza zireetawo okukaayana. Japan y'ewanyisa endagaano y'e Paris, era gavumenti yagyesembye okuteekawo enkola ey'obutabaako ludda lwe giwagira mu by'obufuzi bwa kaboni mu mwaka gwa 2050. Kyokka, okubukozesa kukendedde era okuleetawo okukontana, n'okufuga okw'ekitongole kya Liberal Democratic Republic okusobola okukolagana n'okupikirizibwa okuva mu bakolesitulikiti nga ba abenzi ba ebikozesebwa abenzi ba stem ne ba kyuma. Nationalisticicicicicicicicicicic kino kikomya enkola y'embeera y'obudde mu bitundu bino ebiwakanya embeera z'obuddembeyinjawu.

Ate era, endowooza ey'okukmanya nti eyinza okuba nga yeeyongedde okumanyibwa. Kaweefube ono akolebwa ku bavubuka, gamba nga "Friday for Future Japan," ateekako akakwakkulizo akakulu ak'ebiragiro: amateeka ag'enkola ku butonde galina okukulembeza obutuufu n'enkyukakyuka mu milembe egijja mu by'amateeka, endowooza eno etandika okutereeza ebiba bimenyeddwawo mu kkooti, naddala amateeka agakwata ku mbeera y'obudde (]] galaga amateeka agafuga enviromenti y'enkola mu 2023 nga galaga ennyimba z'obudde we zisaanidde okuzirimu ]).

Ebiragiro Ebijja Okuleeta: Endowooza n’Obufuzi bw’Ennansi

Ekiragiro kino kijja kweyongera okubunyisibwa mu ngeri entegekebwa amateeka agatali gamu ag'okukyusiza mu kifo eky'okuzikirira. Etteeka erimu eritandika liba erikwata ku by'enfuna. Enjigiriza eyo enoonya okukendeeza ku bukyafu n'okukendeeza ku busobozi bw'obutonde. Enjigiriza eyo eyinza okukolebwa mu tteeka erifuga essomero lya Sound - Cycle Society (2000) n'amateeka aga'okuzza obuzza obuggya mu nkola amateeka aga njawulo. Ey'okubiri ye ngeri ey'okumanyisaawo obutuufu bw'eby'enfuna obwa bulijjo. , obutuufu obuva mu ngeri eyo, obufuga enkola y'okuteeka mu n'okukkeeyambisibwa mu nkola ey'okutegeka ebibamba, n'okusobozesa ebibamba ebingi ennyo okumanyibwa mu ggwanga eriyolekedde ddala. Era, engeri ey'okusatu eririmu ey'okumanyibwa ennyo obutuufu bw'ebiragibwa mu kifo ekituufu eky'obutebe obutuufu ekya waggulu ekya waggulu.[F.F.[FT]

Ekiragiro kino bwe kitandika okuteeka mu byuma eby'omu mateeka eby'enjawulo. Obutongole obukola ku by'obusuubuzi ne Indacters bweyongera okuteekawo amateeka agakwata ku butonde ne kiremesa. Kyokka, embeera y'obudde ey'amaanyi bwe yeeyongera okugootaanya okubumbula. Singa ebbugumu eringi liba lizze liba nga likosa ebikalubya eby'enfuna, amataba, ne bububuyaga ebibeeta mu Japan mu myaka egyakayita, biyinza okukomya ekkuteeka endowooza y'obuteeyagaanyi eriwo mu kifo eky'okwerinda n'okutumbula ebikolebwa mu bya tekinologiya.

Mu kyasa ekya 21, Japan etambula nga bw'eyita mu ttwale lyayo ery'obutonde, kijja kwesigama ku busobozi bwayo obw'okuteekawo amateeka agafuga obutonde. Obusobozi obwo obw'okuteekawo amateeka agakwata ku mbeera z'obutonde bwesigamye ku busobozi bwayo obw'okuleetawo essynthesis, obulaga nti etteeka ery'eby'enfuna lisobola okutuukagana n'embeera y'obutonde n'embeera y'ensi ey'ensi, era nti erina okuba n'obukwasifu mu bya sayansi era nti erina amagezi ag'eby'edda agakwata ku ku ku kutambulira ku butonde. Ekkubo eriri mu maaso teriba lyategekebwa dda; lijja kuwandiikibwa bannabyabufuzi, abatuuze, n'abatabanguyivu, buli kimu ekibanguyigibwa okuva mu ndowooza yaabwe ey'obutebenke, era n'obukugunjukivu mu nsi yonna, era n'obukugunjufu bw'obukugu n'obukugufu bw'obukugufu mu Japan.

Ekiragiro kino kisobozesa okuzuula amateeka agaakolebwawo mu Environmental Reviews: Japan era nga kikebera enkola y'ekitongole ekolebwawo mu nsi yonna, nga kino kye kyeyambisa amateeka agafuga enneyisa yaakyo. ECD Environmental Profective Reviews: [[FLT:][201] , ekikebera okugatta kw'enyitoko obutonde bwonna mu mpukufuy'empuku ne ku n'ennono za Japan. Era, ekitegeeza ekitongole ekikwata ku n'amateeka agafuga ennee butonde (GNAMBA) kiwandikiro oba agafuga enviromenti (GYKLTS) ekifuga enneeyeeyabiza ([FLL:5]] ekiwanjula okunoonyereza ku n'enkola y'embirira y'embirira y'ebitundu ebya Japan.