London, ekibuga ekimu ekirimu obunene ennyo era nga kivudde ku buzibu bw'eby'enfuna, kibadde kimaze ebbanga ddene nga kigonjoola ebizibu ebiva mu mbeera z'obulamu n'ez'obutonde. Mu byafaayo, obuduuka obw'omu kibuga kino, ebifo ebisibuka mu makolero ne mu bitundu by'ensi bingi, kisimbye amakanda ne sitenseni ekitundu ekisiikufu ne gwe bisinga obulagirizi bw'obulamu bw'ensi yonna (WHO). Okuva bwe kiri nti meeya w'ekibuga Great London Auniverchure mu 2000, alina amaanyi mangi ku by'entambula, kuteekateeka oba ku butonde. Kino kikebera engeri y'okutuuka ku meyamala w'ekibuga London. Wabula, okunoonyereza ku ngeri y'okusobozesa obutokota enkola y'eby'obuddembe (2066) ne Borfony Johnsonson (200616) gye yamanyira okusaasaanya obwengulamu.

Amaanyi g’Omuyizzi n’Obuvunaanyizibwa Bwe ku Ngeri Ennungi ey’Empewo

Meya w'ekibuga London y'avunaanyizibwa mu kufulumya n'okukwasisa London Environment Strategy, eteeka w'enkola w'esobola okuteeka w'ebuyonjo erizigya omukka n'ennamba ezisinga okukwatibwako ebikolerwa ababungi. Kino kizingiramu okuddukanya enkola y'ebyuma ebigendera ku kibuga nga kikozesa obutundu obugendera ku London (TGLL), n'okutegeka olukusa olukusa mpuku olw'ebikongojjedwa mu mpuku ez'okussaayafu, ne mu bisinga ebisaasaanyizo 32 ebirabibwa ebirabibwa mu London Corporaciation. Crucaly, meyaary alina obuyinza okuyingiza n'entegeka ez'ebitundu ebitambula n'ebiddukanya by'ebitundu ebitwalibwa mu London (ULCUL) mu mwaka gwa 201919.

Wadde nga meeya tasobola kufuga butereevu ensibuko zonna ez'okwonoonebwa kw'obutonde [1] gamba ng'amasannyalaze agava ku Kidduka Heathrow (ekiba kifugibwa ab'obuyinza bwa njawulo) oba omuzira ogw'ensi yonna) bye biyinza okuleetera ebidduka okutambula, okuteeka ebidduka ku kampuni z'ebyenguunyi za bantu, okukuba eggaali y'ebiddukanyaasa, n'okutonda omukka ogwa kamera ne langi ez'omusokero.

Ebyafaayo: Ekirango Ekyasalibwawo Obufuzi Kyafuuka ULEZ

Mu 2003, enkola y'okukwata ennyo empewo mu London yatandika wansi wa Mayor Livingstone (2000-2008), eyatandikawo ekibiina ekikwata ku by'empewo mu 2003. Wadde nga yalina ekigendererwa eky'okukendeeza ddoboozi ly'ebidduka, era yaleetawo enkyukakyuka mu mitendera gya No2 ne PMS. Kyokka, mu masekkati ga 5,000, kyeyoleka bulungi nti okukaluza kw'emmotoka okwakajja kw'ebidduka kumala okukendeeza ku mmotoka ya masannyalaze, egyakubirizibwa mu bukyamu ne bannamateeka abakola amasannyalaze mu Bulaayani okuteeka mu bitundu ebisooka CO2.

Mu maayir Boris Johnson (2008-2016), Low Eugserve Zone (LEZ) yayanjulwa mu 2008, nga yeeyambisibwa okunyambula ebintu eby'amaanyi ennyo mu mmotoka ne bbaasi. Wadde kyali kityo, LEZ teyali mu bukulu nnyo ne kiba nti London yasobola okukkirizibwa ne kikomyawo sipiidi eya NAMBA eya NAMBA. Maylson era yala atwala engeri * Ultra Low Eugging Mocation* ensonding, naye omutwalidde we Sadiq Khan, eyasalawo okukimukkiriza ate n'okugaziya akako.

Ebisinga Okukolebwa mu Buwanguzi Obuliwo Leero

Omuduukulu Oguyitibwa Ultra Ow’esoutari (ULEZ)

Ekiragiro kino kyatandika okutegeka emitindo gya Euro 4 (petroli) oba Euro 6 (disessel) nga gilina okusasula emirambo gya $12.50 (ya emmotoka, vans, ne ppikipiki) nga biri mu kitundu kye kimu n'e Congetion Congetion Counsion County. Ettery ekola 24/7, 365 ennaku mu mwaka. Ekirango ekyo kyaleetera omuwendo gwa g'emmotoka ezitakyamaddala okuyingira mu n'ebitundu bya ~irro, nga 2021, era ne $($s) okugyako nga zikola emmotoka ezizitonze mu magyero g'ebizitoozi. Ekirabo kino kyaleetera obukadde nga 3.565 mu mwaka. Ekirala kyatuuka ku k'okalubinja kya Khan ne mu mwezi gwa Maayi.

Data okuva ku TfL eraga nti mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'enkola ya ULEZ, omuwendo gw'emmotoka ezituukana n'emitindo egyali gibalibwa okuva ku 85% okutuuka ku 95%. Mu masekkati ga London, NO2 obutundu bukendeezedde olw'obuwagizi okuva ku 26% wakati wa 2019 ne 20222, obuwanvu bw'enteebereberye obubangi obuba buvudde ku nkola y'enteeyimirimu nga tewandikiddwawo ULEZ. Akako kano kayambye abakugu mu by'obulamu okuwakanya abatuuze b'ebitongole ebizinyi, n'ebibiina ebivuganyamu abantu abagamba nti ssente ezo ziddamu obudungi ate ng'ebyo ebiyinza okunyagibwa ne mu bifo ebiwerako nga ebiwerera ebya lukalu.

Okutereka Amaaso mu Ngeri Ezirongoosa Obubunyisa

Meya w'amaato ga London yeeyagaza okufulumya bbaasi zenkana zero nga 2034 (oba nga yaakatandika). Mu 2024, bbaasi ezisukka mu 1,000 ze zikola nga zero (eza ttekita oba hydrogen) ze zikola, nga zikiikirira 20% ku byombo. TfL era yateesezza obuvunaanyizibwa obw'okuzza bbaasi ennongookebwa ne ziteekamu ebizingirwamu mu bifo awakuumirwa bbaasi. Mu mwaka gwa 2024, mu kifo kya ssaawansi, amaanyi ga meeya w'empandika ku mulimu esobola okuzza obugazi bwa Elizabeth Line, ekisobozesa emmotoka okusobozesa baasi ab'enjyungi okufulumya enkaludde mu kibuga ekikulu, era n'okuteeka obwesige ku nziji z'ebiddukanya bya bbaasi.

Okusaasaanya ssente mu ngeri eno kukendeezezza ku pm.5 global global mu kampuni ekola ebyuma eby’entambula, gamba ng’ebyuma ebizimba, naye nga bikyali bitono nnyo naye nga bikyali bya makulu.

Okugaziya Okuggala n’Okutambula

meeya w'essaawa Aguwayirako okuteeka obuwanvu bw'entambula mu kifo ekisooka. Mu kiseera kino, “Strettspace e London” enteekateeka yawandikibwa mangu emmeeri ezisukka mu 100 ez'obudde, nga nnyingi ku nguudo enkulu. Enkola y'okukukuguudo ezisinga obuwanvu bwa kika kya mayiro 300 mu bulambalamba bwa London. Okunoonyereza era n'okuvuga ekigenda ku kagaalimu kisukka mu mwaka gwa 2016, era n'atandikawo enkola y'enkola enjyungi ey'okuweza enzivumbo (Sander Couls) era n'okuteekawo obugunjufu bw'enga akawulu. Okunoonyereza kulaga nti okutambula n'okutambula kw'emmotoka kukendeddeko emirundi 300 mu bbanga era n'okulongoosa kwa maanyi g'okuva mu mubiri gwa 2016, era n'okwongera ku kubaamu kuzimba kwa maanyi g'abavuzibwerugi.

Okulungiya Ekibuga n’Okukendeeza ku Mitendera gy’Okuzimba

Obuwangwa obwa zzaabu ne bweyongera mu bitundu bya zzaabu ez'omu nsiko. Meeya asimbye emiti egisukka mu 500,000 okuva mu 2016, era nga 1 obukadde obukadde n'obukadde 2030 kyeyagwa. Pakifo n'obusengeke ebya kiragala bigaziwa, era n'ebifo ebipya eby'empewo ebikolebwamu bikyetaagisa okusobola okutuukana n'ebipimo ebiba binene eby'empewo. Leondon Plan Akawayiro aka '-S' aka '-Airight Seader Neut Seaderty' ne Air Seaty Moderty's'''''''ak'ebizimbe ebizimbe ebizimbibwa ebipya ebibabibibibibibibibibibibibibibi ebikolebwamu, n'ebizimbibwa ebizimbibwa mu ngeri y'okero.

Okwetegereza Obutuufu bw’Ebigambo: Ebintu Ebiba Biwa Obukakafu

Okunoonyereza okutali kumu awamu n'ebitongole ebikuuma empewo bya gavumenti biraga nti mu myaka egyakayita, empewo mu London zirongoosezza nnyo okusinga 2016. Okusinziira ku Authority of London Couver(Ague) Authority of Moyer Security Report, okutwalira awamu buli mwaka kitegeeza nti n'ennamba z'empewo ezikuuma empaka mu masekkati ga London zivudde ku 98 g/m3 mu 2016 okutuuka ku 44 87g/m3 mu 2023. Mu bbanga lya buli kibuga, obungi obutundu bw'ebifo ku buli kinnewyiro ebikebeebiri mu 90% byagobererwa okuva mu mwaka gwa 2023.

Empandika za PMS.5 era zeeyongedde okukendeera mu ngeri empolampola: okuva ku 16 g/m3 (mu bitundu nga 1,206) okutuuka ku 12 qha/m3 mu 2023. Kino kisigala waggulu ku bulagirizi bwa WHO obufuga enkola 5 qhag/m3, ekiraga nti omulimu gukyali munene. Naye okukendeeza ku bufaananyi tekuli bwenkanankanankanankana: London ezzeewo enkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi, kyokka ng'ebweru wa London gye gubaddemu obukiika n'ennyonyi ezisingako, naddala empagibwa ne wakkulwa w'ennyonyi, nga wakyaliwo obuzibu.

Emiganyulo gy’Obulamu

Emiganyulo gya nkola za meeya gyeyongera okulabika. [FLT] College London be bateebereza nti amasenzi g'e London ULY gaakendeeza obunene bwa projekti 13% mu mwaka gwagye ogwasooka, ne kiziyiza abantu nga 1,900 abalina ebizibu mu baana. Okwekebejja okulala kwalaga nti okugaziwa kwa ASMA mu bitundu bya London kuyinza okuleetera abaana 200,000 obutafuna bubonero bw'omuzigizigi mu myaka kkumi egiddako. Kyokka, abanoonyereza ku nsonga ezikwata ku by'obulamu okusobola okusobozesa abatumbula obugagga okweyongera, naye nga n'abatuuze abali mu bitundu ebitono ebibeera wansi babadde bafunye ebizibu mu mayumba aganene n'eby'eby'eby'eby'obugagga ebiva mu magoba g'engumu.

Okuvumirira Eby’Eby’Obugagga n’Emilembe

Ekiragiro kino kivumirira nnyo bavuzi ba meya abakozesa empewo okusobola okuzzaawo empewo enkadde. Buli lunaku ULY ekolako obuzibu bwa $12.50 ku mmotoka ezitaayitirira ddala kibugunjula mu kampuni entono eziyinza okusukkuluma ku mmotoka entono, n'abavuzi abatono abatasobola kugula ssente ez'okuzzaawo emmotoka enkadde. Mu mwaka gwa 2023, okugaziya ekitongole kya ULY .[FLL:0] kikoze akakwakkumbo k'afu ku mateeka[[[[FLL:1] nga kiwaayo $2,000] mu miteefube egibarizo egitali gikola mu London okugyamu ebidduka ebiteeyambisibwa ebiteeyambisibwa, naye nga bangi tebasobola kusasula mmotoka za emmotoka ezitali nnene. Mu mwaka gwa 2023, okugaziwa kwa ULZ okumanyibwa mu kifo ekibadde kiva mu n'okuva mu n'okuva mu kifo eky'okuva mu kifo eky'okuva mu kifo eky'okuva mu kifo

Ate era, meeya tafaayo ku ngeri emmotoka gye zikozesa okwonoona obutonde, gamba ng'okwokya embaawo (ekimu ku bizitooweezo PN.5) n'okuzimba.

Bw’ogeraageranya Ebibuga Ebirala Ebisangibwa mu Nsi Yonna

Enkola y'okukwata mu London etera okugeraageranyizibwa ku ettuuti endala. Paris 'erated' ekozese enkola ey'ekika kya Crit'Air n'ebitundu ebibaamu empeereze ey'okugiteekamu, naye enkola ey'okugikwata teri n'enkyukakyuka. Beijanting[[FLT]][FLT]][FLT:]]][FLT]]][FLT]][FLT]] era [omati] obukireetera okukendekkereza mu kisingako mu kifoomukifoomu ne mu kivvumba kya kkolero, naye nga mu bbugwe wa London kigula ssente nnyingi. [[FLT] Kino kiyinza okusobozesa ebiteeso by'okebeesa eby'obuvumu okumanyibwa mu bitundu eby'omu London, ate nga bikyungibwa mu bitundu eby'obuvumu eby'omuti.

Obulagirizi: Ebikyali mu Biseera eby’Omu Maaso

Wadde nga wajja kubaawo okukulaakulana okw’amaanyi, meeya w’ekibuga London ajja kuyolekagana n’okusoomooza okutali kumu mu myaka egijja:

  • [[NKULA] Empandika eya ULLZ eddibaseerako ate n'eba nga tedromenti eya ULLY egoberera emitindo gy'ebiragiro ebiri mu pulogulamu mu mwaka gwa 2030.
  • [[Akawu:0] We kikoma okuggya endagiriro ezitatwala ennukuta ezisukka mu emu:[[AK'AMU] PM 2] okuva mu kwokya embaawo, okuzimba, oba awakolerwa amakolero, kyetaagisa ebiragiro eby'amaanyi bingi n'okuva mu kaweefube ow'okumanyisa abantu.
  • Kireeseewo ekigatta enjereere ey'empewo: Policies kiteekwa okukolebwa abantu baleme okuzitoowererwa mu ngeri ey'enjawulo. Kino kiyinza okuzingiramu okugaziya enzigi z'amakubo, eby'entambula ebya lukale, n'okukebererwa eby'ebiginaanya mu bitundu ebibuze.
  • [[AKMENTI] Kino kitegeeza nti ekikongozzi ky'empewo kikendeeza ku budde obw'omu bwengula obuba bukyasinze mu 2030, ekinaayamba mu kulongoosa empewo okwongera ku bungi bw'obubonero obuva mu zzaabu. Ekiragiro meeya okusobozesa omuliro okukola ekikongojjedwa mu London we gukoma okukendeeza obunene bw'amafuta agakozesebwa mu nnukuta ez'omu nsaasa ez'omu nfu, ekinaayamba okulongoosa n'okulongoosa ku n'empewo.
  • Ekiragiro bwe kibala nti enkyuuka n'empandika ez'okumpi zigoberererwa, obuwanvu bw'ebiwandikiro biba bisengekeddwa bulungi.[[NKULA] Naye bwe bityo bwe bibeera mu masomero, mu malwaliro, ne mu bifo ebisulamu, bwe bityo bwe bityo bwe bityo bwe bisobola okuwa abantu amaanyi era n'okutegeeza ebiba bimenyese.

Ofiisi ya meeya egenda okutandikawo engeri endala ey'okukyusaamu London Environment Strategy[, esuubirwa mu 2025, ekinaateekawo ekiweerwa ekirala ku N2 ne PMS mu 2030 WHO obulagirizi bw' WHO. Okusobola okutuuka ku biruubirirwa bino tekijja kwetaazaamu obukulembeze bwa meeya kyokka naye era kijja kwetaagira n'obuwagizi bwa gavumenti y'ensi eno ekola obutakwatagana na mateeka gaayo agafuga obutonde bwonna.

fundikira

Meja w'ekibuga London yeekomya empiso y'empewo n'egootaanya enkalubo ng'empanvu ennyo, okuteeka mu by'entambula n'okutambula mu bifo ebitali bya bulijjo, era n'okwanganga ebibamba ebiwanvu. Okugootaanya mu mitendera gya No2 ne PMS, naye nga si bya mazima era nga bigguddwawo olw'okunoonyereza okwabwe ku buwaze. Olubuno lw'obusososooso, olw'obusosoke, olumu olumu lukira ddala nga kimu ku ngeri empewobutebenkevu ennyo ez'omu kibuga, era nga lukubiriza ebibuga ebirala okufuna enteekateeka ezifaananako bwe zityo. Kyokka, ssente ezikozesebwa mu ku nsonga z'eby'ebyobufuzi mu London, naddala ezo ezikolebwa mu kukolebwamu ku nkulaakula y'eby'eby'omu kibuga kino, teziyinza kuggyibwa kya waggulu.

Omuwendo gw'abantu mu London bwe gweyongera era n'ebiva mu mbeera y'obudde, ekiseera ekirala ekijja okuba kikulu nnyo mu kukebera empewo okusobola okulaba obanga ekibuga kiyinza okusobola okutuuka ku biruubirirwa byaakyo eby'empewo ennungi. Bye baayiga wano() obukulu bw'okumanyira ddala ebyafaayo, okukola ebikubisaamu, n'okusala emisanvu mu musalaba w'amasanyu, era n'okukkirizisaamu empapula ku kibuga nga kyetaagisa okulongoosa empewo yaakyo.