Okutandika

Gavumenti ziyoleka enjawulo ey'amaanyi ey'obufirosoofo ku ngeri obufuzi gye bugaba era n'engeri gye bukozesaamu obuyinza. Mu ngeri ezo ezisingirayo ddala okwawukana mwe muli Democratic Centralism ne Pluralist Democratic Democracy. Democratic Centralism, ennyinnyonnyola kw'enjigiriza ya Leninin , eteeka essiraase Obumu n'okukangavvula mu kibiina ky'abakuumi, ate nga Prulist democracycy ekyasicraticism, kwekubaga okuvuganya okuvuganya okusokko n'obunafu mu buli kkubo k'eby'eby'obufuzi, ate nga bigeraageranyizibwa mu bujjuvu mu kusoma n'obukugunjufu mu bya bannabyabufuzi.

Demokulase Katini Kye Ki?

Democratic Centralism gwe musingi ogufuga ekibiina ky'ekiwandikiro eky'omunda ogwasooka okubunyisibwa Vladimir Lenin mu kiwandiiko kye ekya 1902 Kye kinaakola? Yatandikawo omusingi gwa Kibiina kya Bolshevik era oluvannyuma yafuuka musingi gwa kibiina kya nnaakalyako ani mu nsi yonna. Endowooza eyo ebeera ku bintu bina ebikulu: eddembe ery'okukubaganya ebirowoozo nga nga ku ku nsonga, nga kubaako kye kisalawo, okulonda obukiiko bwonna obukulembera abantu okuva wansi, n'okuvunaanyizibwa ku bukuuti. Kyokka, “Democratic Instituteation Kino kitera okutegekebwa mu bitundu bino.

Mu ngeri yayo esikiriza, Democratic centism ekkiriza abo abali mu kakwate ka nkola mu nkola y'okusalawo. Kyokka, oluvannyuma lw'okulonda, abatono bawalirizibwa okukkiriza obungi obusaze era ne babutuukiriza nga tebasoose kuwakanya. Kino kikakasa nti enkola ey'okukolera awamu n'okugatta awamu, erina omuganyulo ogw'ebiwayi by'ekibiina kyonna ekirina okuyigganyizibwa gavumenti. Okuteekawo okwo era kukwetaagisa nti ebitundu byonna eby'omubiri, okuva mu butoffaali obw'omu kitundu okutuuka ku kakiiko akakulu, bitongozebwa ab'ebitundu ebyo.

Mu byafaayo, Democratic Centralism yagattibwa mu Soviet Union, People’s Republic of China, Cuba, ne gavumenti endala ezirimu ekitundu ekimu.

Ebintu Ebikulu mu Kwenyigiramu

  • [[AK'AWULA]][[AK'AWULA] Enkola eya K'AK'AK'AK'WAGULA] Ennene etegese enkola eya polituro oba empandika y'ekika kya wansi ebisuubirwa okuzigoberera.
  • [[Act:0] Kiragiro eky'okugoberezaamu:[[Akawayiro:1] Kireetera abantu okugaana ebyo bye basazeewo mu lujjudde; entegeka ya kika kya ggwanga egaana okukola nga otegese.
  • [[AK'AMUTANDIKI] Amateeka ga Olunyagariki: Wadde nga wabaawo okukuba akalulu, amaanyi gasibira ku bukulembeze obutono obw'ekika kya Robert Michels.
  • [[Act:0] Obubonero obukkirizibwa:[[FLT] era ne ddoboozi ebiziyizibwa bikkirizibwa kugoberera n'okulagira kutandika.

Demokulase Kye Ki?

Programme demokrasi y'emu ku ngeri ez'okussaawo ekiragiro ekifuula obufuzi obwawukanira ddala mu bibinja ebivuganya bya bannabyabufuzi, nga mwe muli n'ebibinja by'abantu abaagattiddwa, ebitongole, ebitongole, ebiwandikiro, n'ebibiina by'abakozi. Ebiwandiiko byateekebwawo abafirosoofo abaasooka nga James Madison (Feralist Na. 10), abaawakanya nti mu bibuga bya Amerika wayinza okubaamu gavumenti emu ey'amaanyi. Enjigiriza y'eby'eby'ebyobufuzi obwa leero yatandikibwawo Robert Dahl, eyakola omulimu gwe yawa mu 1961. Abakulembeze baani?[FLT]] Bannaawulamu ebibuga bingi mu Amerika baawumba amagattendo gamu mu kifo eky'okutwala ekifo eky'omutindo.

Okugobererwa okuva ku kugattirawo era ne gavumenti nga zikola ng'eraga nti buli kimu ekikolebwa mu nsi kiyinza okubaamu enteekateeka y'okulonda n'okukyusa endowooza z'abantu, okubeegattira ku bibinja ebiwandiikiddwa mu kugattika obutundu, oba okugattira ku kugattira ku ku kugattika omusingi.

Demokulase mu kugoberera demokulase zirina ebintu bye zikola mu mateeka, obulamuzi, okulonda, n'obukuumi ebisobola okusobozesa eddembe ly'abantu.

Eby’Okukola

  • [[AGUMENTI]] Okuvuganya okw'Abangi:[[Akattu:1] Kweyimirizaamu mu by'enfuna, mu by'obuwangwa, eby'eddiini, oba mu by'enkola era n'okusikiriza gavumenti okubawa obulagirizi ku nsonga ennungi.
  • [[Akabonero:0] Okulabirako olw'ensonga: Akalulu katera okukolebwako kasobozesa abatuuze okuyingiza abatuuze mu bifo ebibazi, okukakasa nti abantu bakwatibwako.
  • [[Act:0]] Okuteekawo amanya:[[[NKULA:1] Obuwayiro, amateeka, n'amatabi agasala emisango byekebejjagana ne kiremesa okuteekako amasannyalaze.
  • [[Act:0] Ebibiina ebitali bya gavumenti, emikutu gy'empuliziganya, n'ebibinja ebikola ku bantu mu kitundu, bisobola okuyamba omuntu okwenyigira mu nsonga z'enkola eno.

Okugeraageranya Ebyokulabirako by’Abafuzi

Okutegeera enjawulo eriwo wakati w'obufuzi bwa democratic Centralism ne Democratic Purants kyetaagisa okwekenneenya ebisasa ebiwerako: enkola ez'okukola nga obwetwaze, okugaba, okugaba amasannyalaze, okuvunaana omuwendo gw'amasannyalaze, n'okugonjooka.

Okusalawo: Wazzewo akawyiro ak'oku nnyiriri n'obubonero obulagira kutandika

Mu Democratic centism, enkola ey'okusalawo yategekebwa bakulu. Ekiragiro ekikulu kiteekawo engeri y'okufuga, oluvannyuma lw'obuwanguzi obutono. Obufumbo ne fayiro bisuubirwa okussa mu nkola ebiragiro awatali kubuuza. Empandika eno esuubirwa okuba nga ya mugaso singa wabaawo ekiwandikiro eky'amaanyi ekyetaagisa. Empandika eno ekolebwa ku bwangu bwe kiba nga wabaddewo enkyukakyuka mu by'obufuzi. Kyokka, eziyiza obuzibu obw'okuleetawo enkyukakyuka mu ntegeka era eyinza okuviirako abafuzi okukola ensobi ez'amaanyi singa bannaabakulembeze balemenga okukyusiza ku kkopi eyo mu Kyrboxel mu 1986, nga gavumenti tezirina kye zikolawo mu bwangu.

Mu ngeri y'enjawulo, demokulase eyawula abatuuze abamu, enkola ey'okukyusaamu mu nkola y'enkula y'enkula y'enkula y'ennamba ezikola ku by'ebbeeyi. Obupoliisi butandikira ku kukubaganya ebirowoozo wakati w'ebibinja ebiwandiisa, obukiiko obukola ku by'ezvemagoba, ebitongole ebifuga, era emirundi egimu obululu obukola obululu obukola obukalu bw'abantu. Kino tekiba kyangu naye kisobozesa n'okuleetawo enkyukakyuka ez'enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'okukyusaamu mu by'obulamu bw'abantu. Ebyafaayo ku by'obulamu mu Amerika bireeteemitwe, ebiwandikiro, ebiwandikibwa abagumiikiriza, n'ebya bannabyabufuzi, byoleka bulungi engeri enfuze enfuze mu ngeri enfuze ez'okukwata ku ku ku ku nsonga z'obutundu.

Emirimu gisobola okukuyamba okumanya ebizingirwamu mu mulimu gwa Yakuwa ogw’okubuulira.

Democratic Centralism ereetera abantu okwegatta ku bantu ab'ekika ekimu era ne mu kibiina, obuyinza obw'amaanyi bukkirizibwa kuweebwa bantu ba waggulu. Omuntu owa bulijjo asuubirwa okuwagira enkola z'ekibiina ng'ayitira mu bibiina ebikola ebitimbiddwamu naye nga si wa maanyi okubasoomooza. mu Soviet Union, okulonda tekwali kwa masekkati ga muteeti omu yekka.

Abatuuze bakubiriza abantu okwenyigira mu mikutu egitali gimu egy'okugoberera demokulase. Abatuuze basobola okulonda, okwegatta ku bibiina by'eby'obufuzi, okutegeka obubinja bw'abawagizi, okugenda mu mayumba agakola ssente n'okuteekako ebigambo. Ekibuuzo kino kitegeeza nti abantu abeegatta ku gavumenti bajja kuvunaanyizibwa ku buli nsonga. Kyokka, si bagagga nnyo era nga benyigidde mu bintu ebirala, ekiviirako obukyayi bw'abagagga n'obusosoze obw'amaanyi obwava mu [[FLT:]

Ebitundu ebigabanyizibwa: okussaako empandiika n'okugiyigiriza

Democratic Centralism yeemalidde ku kibiina ekimu eky'omukulembeze. Ekiragiro kino kye kifuga gavumenti, amagye, eby'enfuna, ne eby'empuliziganya. Kino kiyinza okusobozesa okutandikawo bizineesi ez'amangu oba okukuŋŋaanya amakolero g'eggwanga nga bwe kiyinza okulabibwa mu nteekateeka ya Stalin ey'e Bu China oba mu nteekateeka z'abantu ez'emyaka etaano. Wadde nga tekimanyiddwa bulungi, tewabaawo bibiina byewalibwawo kiyinza kukebeewala kukolebwako.

Demokulase esaasaanya obuyinza mu bibiina bingi era n'enkola za gavumenti. Gavumenti egabanyizibwamu amatabi, era abazannyi ba fayiro (makolero, amagattiro, NGO) bakuuma eby'obugagga ebyabwewatulwa. Okusaasaana kukifuula kizibu eri gulu erimu okufuga, naye era kuyinza n'okuleetera abantu okuteeka mu nkola enkola eyo nga bagoberera entono ennyo. Mancur Olson annyonnyola engeri enkola ey'ekikolwa eky'ekiwandiikujju[[

Kituukagana n’Endowooza y’Abalala era Kituukagana n’Embeera

Democratic Centralism yakolebwa mu ngeri ya njawulo. Okukangavvula okw'ekika ekimu kukwetaagisa okubeera abeesigwa nga ku bye basalawo byayo byabulako. Kino kiyinza okuziyiza enkyukakyuka mu nkola z'ensi; gamba, Soviet Union okweyongera okunywerera ku ntegeka yaayo wadde nga yaakamala dda ekiseera kiwanvu nga egoberera enkola yaayo ekoleddwa olw'okugobererera obukwasiddwa amateeka. Kyokka, enkola ey'ekika kya bangi eyinza okusobozesa abantu okukyusa enkyukakyuka oluvannyuma lw'okweyisa mu buwagguzi.

Ebiwandiiko by’Ebyafaayo Ebikwata ku Case

Demokulase Mpati mu Soviet Union

Soviet Union yasindikirawo Democratic Centralism okuva mu 1917 okutuuka mu 1991. Mu mpandiika ya Lenin, enkola yaleka okuwerezebwamu okukaayana mu myaka egyasooka naye Stalin yaggyawo obutakkaanya bwonna obwa ba 1930. Ekika ky'Abakomunisiti ekya Soviet Union (CPSU) kyafuga buli mbeera y'obulamu, nga Polituro esala bye yasalangawo mu biseera ebyasooka mu laya eyakolebwanga ekitongole ekitono echelon. Mu 1936 “Stalin tteeka” lyawandiisa mu mateeka eddembe eryali likakasibwa mu nkola eya bulijjo, naye mu nkola, ekituuti yafuga bulungi enkola ya poliisi mu kya kyamasanga, ekyamalanga okuziyizibwa.

Demokulase mu Amerika

United States kye kiragiro ekisookerwako mu kussaawo demokulase. James Madison’s Federalist No. 10 yagamba nti, oluvanyuma lw'ensi n'ebibiina bingi luyinza okulemesa obutujju obusinga obungi. Amateeka okwawula obufuzi, enfuga, n'okuleeta Bill of Rights byaleetawo ensonga nnyingi ez'enjawulo ez'okufuna abantu ab'ebbeeyaga aw'enyo ku mulimu. Mu byasa ebyasa ebyayita, ebibiina ebikiikirira emirimu, eddembe ly'abantu, entegeka z'obutonde, n'ebiruubirirwa ebirala, bireeseteese enkola. Kyokka, abakugu bannasayansi nga Gilens ne Pagenti eya waggulu bawakanya eby'obukungu, era n'enkola za gavumenti z'eby'obukulembedde nga ziko ekintu ekigezesa okuzza enk'enkola mu bungi. Kyokka, enkola eno eyoleka enkola ey'okuzza obutebe ekya Civilment, nga n'enkola eya k'eyawumbirira mu 1964 1964, Surkinakuk'eyaya akaakaakaaka

Demokulase mu Buyindi

Buyindi, nga ye demokulase esingayo obunene mu nsi yonna, era nga y'ekolera wansi w'ebitongole eby'enjawulo, ebibiina by'eddiini, n'ebigendererwa bya biwandikiro. Enteekateeka y'ensi, gavumenti, n'abantu ab'amaanyi bisobozesa okuteesa ku bibinja ebivuganya. Kyokka, okusoomoozebwa kuzingiramu obutali bumu, obulyi bw'enguzi, n'obumenyi bw'amateeka obugezesa emisingi gya Buyindi. Ekyakolebwa kiraga nti obutundutundu bw'abantu busobola okukola ne mu bibiina eby'enjawulo naye nga bwetaasembye buwandikiro, businziira ku bukuumibwa bannakyewa.

Emiganyulo n’Ebizibu Ebiva mu Kukyala mu Ggulu

Emiganyulo gy’Okufuga Omwoyo gwa Democraticism

  • [[AGUMENTI:0] Obusobozi obw'okutuukirizaamu ebiragiro nga tosoose kutegeeza n'akakomyanya.
  • [[AK'AKAMU]] Obutaliimu:[[AK'AKATANDIKIRA] Engeri emu ey'eby'obufuzi ekendeeza ku njawukana n'okutabulatabulwa kw'ebiwayirwa.
  • [[Act:0] obusobozi bw'okutegeka eby'obugagga by'amawanga okusobola okukola ebikolerwamu obuwanvu bw'ekipimo eky'omuwere (mmm'e., programu ez'amasanyu).
  • [[AK'AWULA] Obubonero:[[AK'AWULA]] Obukyajja 'PULY', naddala nga wazzewo akabenje'.

Emiganyulo gy’Okufuga Omwoyo gwa Demokrasi

  • [[Act:0] Okunyigirizibwa okw'okugaana: Abavumirira okuyigganyizibwa, ekivaamu ne kiremererwa okuleetawo enkyukakyuka n'okuvunaanyizibwa.
  • [[AGUMENTI]] Akawayiro ak'okutegeeza ekiragiro oba ebifa ku 'kika':[[-MERI:1] Ekiragiro kino kisangamu eddoboozi eriko ekkomo; enkola eyinza okubuusa amaaso ebyetaago by'abantu.
  • [[AK'AMUTANDIKA]] Okuteekawo k'empandika:[[AK'AWULA:1] Amaanyi agateeyambisibwa bwe buteefuga kireetera nnukuta n'obutakozesa bulungi buyinza.
  • [[Act:0]Legitacy Deficit: Abantu bayinza okwewalira ddala enteekateeka y'eby'obufuzi, ne kivaamu okweyawula ku bantu.

Emiganyulo gy’Obufuzi bwa Demokulase

  • [[Act:0]''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '[[[FLT: 1] Ebibinja ebiwerako biyinza okutegeeza ebintu ebitali bimu, oba okutegeeza nti ebiba bitegekebwe mu ngeri eyo.
  • [[AK'AWATANDIKWA] Obuwayiro obufuga obungi bwa fayiro:[[AK'AWULA] Ebirondedwa n'okukebera buyinza bwa gavumenti ku bwereere.
  • Empandika y'obuwanguzi eyinza okukyusibwa nga okozesezza enkola eyo okusobola okukyusaamu.
  • [[AK'AMUTANDIKA]:[[KATANDIKA:1] Empalo zikubiriza endowooza ez'okukuba ekika ku makubo agatali gamu ez'okuvvuunuka ebizibu mu bantu.

Ebifo Ebisobozesa Demokulase

  • '[[:0]" Adropy'' - '[[FLT'] Adrop Kino kitegeeza nti ebifo eby'ekika kya [[FULT] bisobola okutuukiriza amateeka agabadde geetaagisa.
  • Ebibinja eby'eby'obugagga eby'omuddiriŋŋanwa birina enkola ey'okufuga enkola ereetebwawo eky'okwenyigiramu kye kimu.[[AK'AK'AWATANDIKWA:1]
  • [[Akawayiro:0]] Okussawo akasonga ku mboozi ey'ekiseera kyonna:[[[NKULU]] Kwengeramu enkola ey'okuyingiza mu nkola eya Cetalogiya mu kiseera ekiwanvuko.
  • [[Akawayiro:0] 'O' - '['] Kino kifuula enkola ey'okuvuganya okuba ey'amaanyi bw'eyinza okuvaamu ennyimpimpi ne k'eba nga tekkirizibwa mu ggwanga lyonna.

Enjigiriza: Lenin v. Madison

Democratic Centralism eggya k'enjigiriza ya Lenin ey'ekitongole ekikuuma abangi. Mu Kiki ekiyinza okukolebwa?, Lenin yagamba nti abakozi, ekigobererwa “obumu,” baali beetaaga ekibiina ekigoberera enkola ya bannaakyewa okusobola okubakulembera nga bagoberera enkola ya socialism. Obuyinza buno obutuufu era n'okukangavvula okw'amaanyi. Oluvannyuma Stalin yanyweza enkola eyo mu“Foundations of Lenicianism" era n'etongozebwa ebibiina by'abakkommu.

Ku njawulo, demokulase ekisinziirwako ekisinziirwako okussaawo obulombolombo obw'ekika kya Amedison yalabula ku kabi ak'okuteekawo akakkomo. Madison yalabula ku kabi ak'amaanyi naye yatunuulira olubu olunene ng'erimu eyinza okuwonya akabi kaagwo. Leero abeegatta ku bantu nga Robert Dahl ([FLT]]]]][FLT]]A Prebodable for Democratic Theory[] [[FLT]]]]) kiggumiza nti demokrase ekwetaagisa polycycy .

Engeri ez’Engeri ez’Okukolamu Obusosoze

Mu kyasa ekya 21, ebitundu by'ensimbi bingi eby'ekika ekimu (China, Vietnam, Laos) ebikyagoberera enkola ya democratic centism naye byatandikawo eby'obusuubuzi eby'enjawulo ate ne bitandika okubeera ne gavumenti z'ebyobufuzi. Obutundu bwa China obwa “teokratiki ennongoosebwamu bulagibwa ng'enkola ey'okulongoosa, naye mu nkola, okusala emisango kusigala nga kw'ekibiina ky'Abakomunisiti.

Nga basinziira ku nkola za demokulase ezaatandikibwawo, demokulase zirina okusoozebwa okutali kumu okuva ku kugaba obugattika obusosoze, era n'okusengeka enkola za kompyuta ezikyusa enkola za bannassaayansi mu ngeri ereetera abantu okuvuganya ennyo mu ngeri ey'enjawulo. Abatuuze abamu mu nsi z'emu bagamba nti gavumenti za demokulase zikubiriza “obufuzi obwa bannaakyewa obwa obwannakyewa” oba“ obufuzi obwa bannakyewa obwa mu bungi obwa digiti ekigatta abantu, obwewandikiro obuba nga bulinaawula abantu aba bulijjo, era nga buli kiseera kibuvaako okusobola okuleetawo enfuze.

Ng’ekyokulabirako, abantu ababeera mu nsi enfuge nga bagoberera enkola za ppokopoko oluusi bakuba akalulu: Singapore ereetawo okukuba empaka n’okufuga ennyo gavumenti z'erina eddembe ttono, era ng’emirundi egisinga liba litwalibwa nga “demokulase.” Obukyayi obuli wakati w'okugattika ettwale n'eby’obufuzi obusinga obungi busigala nga bukulu mu nsi yonna.

fundikira

Democratic Centralism ne Pluralist zikiikirira enkola ezikontana ez'obufuzi. Ebitundu ebyasooka biteeka essira ku bumu, okukangavvula, n'okukola obulungi, era emirundi egisinga obungi ne biremesa omuntu okuba n'eddembe era n'okubeegattako. Emitindo egy'enjawulo, okuvunaana omusango, n'okuvuganya, naye giyinza okuva ku bunafu n'obuteeyambi obw'amaanyi. Zombi zikoze ebinoonyeze mu ngeri enneeyivu. Bannabyabufuzi bannasayansi beeyongera okukajjajjajja oba nga sistemu enkola esobozesa omuntu okubaako ky'akolera ddala mu buwagizi obwa nnamaddala. Abayizi bannabyabufuzi, bategeera nti enkola eno esobozesa okupima ebitiibwa n'obusobozi.