Omugaso gw’Enkola y’Okusalira Omusango Omulungi Ebikwata ku Ddembe ly’Obufumbo

Bibiina bitono nnyo ebifudde entereeza ku mateeka ga Amereka ng'enkola y'obulamuzi mu mateeka. Wadde nga paawule za gavumenti zaatwalanga obuyinza kumpi obwa buli omu ku bufumbo mu biseera eby'edda, bye byasinze okussaawo enkiiko okugonjoolera ddala amateeka mu by'obufuzi bwe gaagenda nga gatambula mpolampola oba nga galemesezza enkyukakyuka zonna. Nga bannyonnyola enkungo z'obufumbo eziba ziteekeddwawo mu nteekateeka esooka era n'obukuumi obw'ekigero, abalamuzi bannyonnyole omuntu asobola okuwasa oba okufumbirwa mu mbeera zonna. Enteekateeka eno tebadde ya lukalala lwa musingi, naye buli tteeka ekkulu lizimbyewo nga ligenda ligenda nga ligenda ligaziwa mpolampola okutegeera obulungi eddembe ly'obufumbo.

Virginia, eddembe ery'okuyingira obufumbo lyesigamye ku musingi ogugamba nti eddembe ly'omuntu kinnoomu lirina okutwalibwa ng'ekintu ekikulu ennyo ne kiba nti terisobola kufugibwa bannakatemba. Nga bwe kkooti enkulu mu Amerika bwe yagamba mu Courts] Loveling v., eddembe ery'okuyingira obufumbo limanyiddwa okumala ekiseera kiwanvu ng'emu ku ddembe ly'abantu kinnoomu eririna okukolebwa mu kulondoola obutuufu okw'obufumbo, nga bamenya amateeka agagaana abafumbo ab'ebika by'awuka ate oluvannyuma ne bannaago, kkooti zikakasa nti obufumbo genkana obuyinza abantu bonna, so si ku abo bokka abayinza okutuukana ku nsonga enkulu ezikwata ku bufumbo, era n'okunoonyereza ku nsonga enkulu ezikwata ku ddembe mu n'eby'okwanganga okw'amateeka, era n'ensonga ezikwata ku nsonga ezikwata ku nsonga ezikwata ku nsonga ezikwata ku n'amateeka.

Ebyafaayo: Okuva mu Gavumenti Okudda mu Bufuzi

Ebiziyiza Obufumbo mu Matandika g’Emyaka gya Amakumi Abiri

Ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, amateeka agakwata ku bufumbo kumpi gaali gagooleka nnyo abapoliisi. Buli ggwanga lyannyonnyolanga obufumbo okusinziira ku langi, eddiini, n'emitindo gy'empisa ebyagoberamu amateeka amangi agaayoleka obusosoze obw'amaanyi. Okumenya amateeka agakwata ku bufumbo mu mawanga abasukka mu makumi asatu agagaana obufumbo bw'abazungu n'abantu ab' langi, nga gatera okuteeka mu bantu ba Buddugavu, Asiya, ne Inda Obuva mu Amerika. Mu ngeri y'emu, amawanga mangi gaaziyiza obufumbo wakati w'abantu abalina obugoobwenyanyusi, era n'amawanga gonna gaagaana obufumbo obugattiddwamu, nga gakkirizibwa mu mateeka gaawnyisiimu era ne mu ngeri eziragibwa mu mateeka.

Kkooti z'eggwanga zigoberera enkola y'obufumbo nga zikuuma ebbeeyi nga zituukiriza ekigendererwa kyazo, gamba ng'okukuuma empisa ennungi oba ebigendererwa bya gavumenti. Kino kitegeeza nti okusosolwa mu mateeka mu mateeka mu nsi yonna kwalemererwa. Ng'ekyokulabirako, mu Pace v. Alabama[FL:1] [1883], kkooti esinga obukulu yawagira etteeka lya Alabama eriziyiza obusosoze mu mateeka era n'enzinzi, nga kisinziira ku ndowooza nti lyabonereza abazungu n'abaddubunvu, era nga terimenyamu n'etteeka eririmu n'eb'ebikolobo eby'okulonda ebirala.

'Scered' ey'omu biwandikiro n'eby'okubuwereza ebinoonyezesezza ebibadde bituukagana bidda ku birala ebiri mu biyingizibwa bya binne wabyo

Ekyasa ekya makumi abiri kyaleetawo enkyukakyuka mu ntegeka y'amateeka. Kkooti enkulu wansi w'omulamuzi Earl Warren yagaziya obuvunaanyizibwa bwa buli muntu naddala mu bitundu by'eggwanga, eby'ekika, eby'amateeka, n'eby'okwefuga. okusalawo okw'ekika nga rown v. Akakiiko k'Enjigiriza[[[FLLT:1] [1954] kaasalawo nti abalamuzi baali basobola okusososoosa obusosoze mu ggwanga, era nti abafuzi ba mateeka baayongera ku nsonga z'obufumbo. Abeekenneenya amateeka n'enkwasisa baaweetteeka baatandika okumenya amateeka. Era ne ku ddembe ery'okugookka ebikolebwa mu ngeri nti obutebenkevu, ebikuuma eddembe eriva ku gavumenti.

Ekiseera kino era kyalimu okumanyibwa okw'okufumbiriganwa nga “ekiganzi eky'omuddida ekisookerwako” wansi wa mateeka. Skinver v. Oklahoma (1942), kooti yali emaze okumanyisa obufumbo n'okuzaala okuba nga bikulu nnyo okusobola okuwonawo mu mpaka. Ogw'omwaka gwa 1960, olukalala lwatandikibwawo okusoomooza okukwata ku bufumbo okugaanibwa. Omulambo ogwandiddwa mu Virginia, gye gwava omukazi Omuddugavu n'omuzungu we yasalirwa omusango olw'okufumbiriganwa mu langi ez'enjawulo.

Okusalawo okwakolebwako kkooti kwaleetawo Endowooza ya Bufumbo

Virginia (1967): Omusingi gw’Obufumbo Obutalingana

Tewali kusalawo kusibuka ku mateeka g'omu bufumbo okw'omulembe guno okusingira ddala okwa Virginia. Mildred Jeter, mukyala Muddugavu, ne Richard Love, baafumbirwa omusajja omuzungu mu Disiturikiti ey'omu Columbia mu 1958 okuwona akakwakyo k'obufumbo mu Virginia. Bwe baddayo e Virginia, baakwatibwa ne basalirwako omusango okumala omwaka gumu mu kkomera, ne balekulira mu mbeera gye balesembyemu ne bava mu ggwanga okumala emyaka amakumi abiri mutaano. Nga bayambibwa ku ACLU, Lovals baanse okubuusabuusa enzikiriza zaabwe, era Kkooti ey'omulembe ey'oku ntikko ya Brigina mu mwaka gwa 1967.

Endowooza y'Omulamuzi Omukulu Earl Warren yawa ensonga bbiri ez'amaanyi. Ekisooka, kkooti yagamba nti obufumbo bukulu nnyo wansi wa Status Procession Claus, era yagamba nti “eddembe ery'okufumbiriganwa limanyiddwa nga kimu ku ddembe ery'enkomeredde ery'okugoberera omuntu okusobola okufuna essanyu erya nnamaddala. Ekyokubiri, Kkooti yakizuula nti Kkooti ya Virginia yamenya amateeka ga Virginia agafuga enkola y'obuwagizi bw'omuzungu era nga yeesigama ku langi ez'ebifo. Obusosoze obwo obukubiri bubadde bulaga nti obufumbo bulina okukuumibwa mu kifo ekisooka ng'obusosoze obw'emisango mu mateeka.

“Eddembe ly'okuyingira obufumbo limanyiddwa nga kimu ku ddembe ly'omuntu kinnoomu ekkulu erisobozesa abantu okufuna essanyu erya nnamaddala.” — Omukulu Omulamuzi Earl Warren, Lovang v. Virginia[, 388 U.S.1][1967]

Ebiva mu kugoba [[NT:0][[NT:1] kwe kumalawo okuwera obufumbo olw'enjawukana mu bitundu eby'ekkumi n'omusanvu. Ekyasinga okukkirizibwa, kyalaga nti obufumbo si nkizo ya ggwanga yokka naye eddembe erya bulijjo erikkirizibwa okusinziira ku nsonga ezeeyagalibwa. Omusingi guno gwagobererwa okumala amakumi g'emyaka okusososolwa kw'obufumbo mu ngeri endala, nga mw'otwalidde n'eyo eyeesigamiziddwa ku ndowooza y'enyitogibwa.

Baker mu kifo kya Nelson (1972): Obufumbo obwasooka obw'ekika ekimu

Emyaka etaano oluvannyuma lw'okuva Okugattibwa, abasajja babiri mu Minnesota", Ricard John Baker ne James Michael McConnell(appapps's'okufunirako layisensi y'obufumbo. Okusalawo kwabwe kwagaanibwa kubanga etteeka eryafuga lyannyonnyola nti obufumbo bukkirizibwa wakati w'omusajja n'omukazi. Baaguwawawaaza nti okwegaana okugaana enkola ya Claus ne Claussespect. Kkooti enkulu eya Minnesophes yagaana bye baali basabye, ate kooti enkulu ya U. Ssesaase yagaana okusemba “olw'ewanyisa ekibuuzo eky'amaanyi." Okugoba obufumbo obutuufu. [[FLT:]

Mu myaka amakumi ana, kkooti entono zayogerako nga zibayisa oba nga zaawula mu by'okwetaba. Okusala omusango kwalaga ekkomo ly'okusala emisango mu kiseera ng'abantu bakyawa obulyi bw'ebisiyaga. Era kwalaga n'ensonga lwaki ekiseera n'ennyiriri eziriraanyewo mu bantu: Kkooti nazo tezaayongera kugaziwa [[ era nga tezinneetegese kutwala nti zisobola okuganyula abaami abalibajjanyi abaami abafaananyi. Kyokka, mu kiseera ekyo, endowooza ey'okukwata ku by'okwetaba n'abakyala yalagibwamu. [[FLT:] era n'ensonga eyinza okukolebwa mu ngeri ey'enjawulo mu nsonga eziragibwa.[FFOLT]

United States okugw'okuna n'okuddirira kw'empewo (2013): Federal Accounting and the Defense of Marriat Act

Wakati wa Babaker ne Obergefell[, wabaawo okukulaakulana okw'amaanyi ku mulembe gwa gavumenti, naye gavumenti yasigalako n'ekigendo. Mu 1996, kampuni ezifuga enkola y'obufumbo ng'obufumbo wakati w'omusajja n'omukazi. Ekitundu 3 ekya DOMA tekikola ng'emiganyulo mu ggwanga nga omukuumi w'obukuumi mu by'omusolo. Enkyukakyuka mu misolo egikolebwa mu ngeri eyo, obutereevuzi, oba obukkulembezo obuva mu ggwanga okukkirizibwa mu mateeka. Ediving'okufumbiriganwa kwalina okukkirizibwa mu maka agamu n'awnyinyo mu 2007, yafuna ekitongole ekibalirirawo oluvannyuma lw'okufiirwa emsasula ssente.[3]

Mu kusalawo okutali kwa mu mateeka, kkooti enkulu yasaze Ekitundu 3 ekya DOMA, nga kigamba nti kyamenya amateeka agaagootaanye okukikuuma. Ekiragiro ekyo kyayisawo ekitongole kya Desert Accessource Claus nga kigaana abafumbo ab'obukaba abali mu bitundu ebirala nga tebalina gavumenti y'emu. Omulamuzi Anthony Kennedy yakiggumiza nti ekigendererwa kya DOMA kyali “kusukkirira abantu bennyini amateeka g'omu New York gye gaayagala okukuuma. Ekiragiro ekyo tekkiririzawo ku kusalawo kuwasa oba kuwasa oba kugattiza bannaabwe mu mawanga amalala, naye kyakakasa nti gavumenti teyinza kuyisa bufumbo ng'obwo obwagattiddwawo. [FLT:] [FUT:]

Obergefell v. Hodges (2015): Okulingana kw'obufumbo mu ggwanga lyonna

Enkomerero y'emyaka egisukka mu ana mu kugattika yatuuka ku Michigan, Ohio, Kentucky, ne Tennessee, kkooti enkulu bwe yasala Obergefell v. Hodges mu kusalawo 5-4]. Omusango gwagatta kkooti ennya ez'enjawulo okuva e Michigan, Ohio, Kentucky, ne Tennessee, gye baagaana okuwasa oba okumanyira ebbaa. Omukazi omulwadde wa John Arthur yafumbiriganwa ne Maryland; Arthur we yagaana okumenya olukalala lwa Oberge, nga munne afudde ku mpandiika y'ekiragiro.

Mulamuzi Kennedy era yawandiika ku lw'abasinga obungi, nga baluka emitindo egigobererwa awamu n'eggyo egy'okukuuma. Endowooza yalaga eddembe lya nnunukuta ery'okufumbiriganwa lyenkanankana. Eddembe ekkulu omuntu ly'alina okwesalirawo ow'okufumbiriganwa naye, eddembe ery'okukolagana obulungi n'okukulaga, eddembe eri eri eri eri ab'omu maka n'okukuza abaana, era n'eddembe ery'okussa ekitiibwa kyenkanyi mu maaso g'amateeka. Kkooti eyo yamalirira nti “eddembe ly'okufumbiriganwa lirina okwesalirawo mu ddembe ly'okwesalirawo omuntu, era ne mu nteekateeka y'obuteenkanankanankanankana eriri mu ku ku ddembe eririna okugattirwa mu bufumbo obumu, ne mu kugobeego akolagana mu ngeri y'emu.

] Tewali bufumbo businga obwo obukulu, kubanga buzingiramu ebigendererwa ebisingayo obukulu gamba ng'okwagala, obwesigwa, okwemalira, okwefiiriza n'amaka. Mu kukola obufumbo, abantu babiri bafuuka bakulu okusinga bwe kyali. Ekiragiro, Obergefell v. Hodges, 576 U.S.64]

[[NT:0] Obergefell yakuzibwa mangu nga buwanguzi ng'obuwanguzi mu byafaayo ebya LGBTQ+ eddembe era n'obwayo ne kireetawo okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi. Omulamuzi Antonin Scalia yalabula ku kugaana enkola ya demokulase" era n'abuusabuusa obuyinza bwa Kkooti okuzzaawo obufumbo obulungi. Wadde kyali bweyagaza: wadde nga wazzewo enk'enjawukana mu by'obufuzi ne mu by'eddiini, obufumbo obw'ekuusa busigala nga bukkirizibwa mu mateeka mu bitundu byonna ebitaano, era n'obuwagizi bwa bantu bannabwo butuuse ku kyenkanankanankanankana.

Emiganyulo Egisingawo egy’Etteeka ly’Omusango ku Bibi n’Amateeka

Ebiragiro by’Omu Mateeka n’Okukuuma Enkolagana Ennungi ne Katonda

Ebirowoozo ebiba bifubiddwa mu [[NKULA:0]] Okugolola, Wudso [, era Obergefell[[]] Amateeka agafuga ebibiina ebimu gaakoma ku ku kugattirawo; gakireetera okuteekako emisingi egigamba nti obufumbo bukulu mu Mateeka. Omusingi guno gukuuma abafumbo bonna okuva ku kyenyinyinyinyinyisizaako, ka kibe nga kivudde ku langi, oba ku ngeri endala yonna ekozesebwa mu byafaayo. Kkooti ezikozesebwa mu kkooti zikireetera abantu okumanyibwa nti gavumenti zisobola okuba n'obuzitowa bw'obulombolombo, oba obusinga okukkuzibwa mu mpisa.

Ebyokulabirako bino era byayogerwako ne mu nnyiriri endala. Ng'ekyokulabirako, Obergefell ebirowoozo ebibadde bikozesebwa mu ngeri eyo bibadde nga bikozesebwa ku ddembe ly'obufumbo, eddembe ly'abafumbo abatali bafumbo, era n'okusoomooza okuwera obufumbo bw'abagattiddwa olw'okugattika enzikiriza. Endowooza nti obufumbo bukkirizibwa okuba n'ekitiibwa kya muntu kinnoomu era n'okweraga ekisinziirwako ddala mu ku ku kukozesa obubinja obwa bulijjo.

Ekyukakyuka mu Buwangwa n’Eby’Obuwangwa

Ebiba biva mu kusalawo kwa kkooti byeyongerako ne ku ebyo ebiba bitegekeddwa. Okutongoza obufumbo obw'ekika ekimu tekikkirizibwa mu mateeka wabula kikkirizibwa mu mateeka oluvannyuma lw'obufumbo obw'ekika ekimu. Obufumbo obukkirizibwa wakati w'abantu ab'amawanga ag'enjawulo busobola okuyamba okufuula abantu aba bulijjo n'okukendeeza ku nsonyi ezikolebwa mu bantu ab'ebika by'ebika eby'enjawulo. Mu ngeri y'emu, obufumbo obw'obukaba bukkirizibwa mu mateeka okulongoosebwawo mu mbeera y'obufumbo, era n'okukkirizibwa mu n'abantu abangi. Okunoonyereza kulambula kulaga nti obufumbo obw'ekikulabuseera bwe bumu bukkirizibwa mu kugezaako okutta abaana, kiyinza okuvaamu emiganyulo egy'amaanyi.

Ate era, ensala y'amateeka ereeseewo endowooza z'abantu. Mu mwaka gwa 1996, nga DOMA ewagiddwa, 27 ku buli kikumi bokka ku Amerika be baawagira obufumbo obw'obukaba. Obwa 2015, bergefell[ kyeyamalibwawo, obuwagizi buyitiddwa, buyitiddwako nga 60%. Wadde nga kizibu okuggyawo ensonga n'okukola ekibaviirako okukola, abakulembedde amateeka bagamba nti okukkirizibwa kwa Kkootisebwa mu ngeri y'obwenkana kwawandisizza obufumbo obwa bulijjo. Mulamuzi Kennedy, abo abaagala okufumbiriganwa nga tebagezaako okuvumirira obufumbo obw'ekinvumbo naye “okutuukiriza obulamu bwabwe mu lujjudde era“ n'amaka gaabwe bassibwamu ekitiibwa."

Ebirungi mu by’Eby’Eby’Obugagga

Ekiragiro kino kiggyawo amateeka agakwata ku kusibawo obusosoze mu by'enfuna. Abafumbo baganyulwa mu by'enfuna ebisukka mu 1,000 nga mw'otwalidde n'emiganyulo egiva mu mbeera y'obutebenkevu mu nsi, obusika, obusika, okusasulira omusolo, n'okusasiimula ebya insuwalensi z'obulamu nga bagoberera enteekateeka z'amaka. Abafumbo ab'obukaba n'abafumbo okusobola okusaasattululwawo oba okugattibwawo obululu, byeyongera n'ebgeetaago eby'omu mateeka ebiteeyambisibwa abakozesa ne bye baafunira ebikumi nkumi n'enkumi n'ebikumi by'amaka.

Okugatta ku ekyo, okulingana mu bufumbo kwagonzezza ensonga ezikwata ku mateeka gamba ng'okutongoza abaana, okukola enkalo, n'okusalawo ku by'ekisawo. Nga

Entalo Ezibaawo mu Mateeka n’Ebiseera eby’Omu Maaso eby’Obufumbo eby’Obusosoze

Eddembe ly’Eddiini n’Omuntu ow’Omunda

Wadde nga wabaddewo okuwangula okw'amaanyi mu Oberge], okulwanirira eddembe ly'obufumbo tekinnaggwa. Ekitongole ekikulu eky'okukaabya obutategeeragana kitwaliramu okukattulukuka wakati w'okwasattulula obufumbo n'eddembe ly'eddiini. Amakampuni agamu gawagidde abakungu ba gavumenti, bannabizinesi, n'ebibiina by'eddiini okugaana okusinziirira awamu obufumbo obw'omuntu ow'omunda. Kkooti ekkulu elowoozezza ku nsonga ezikwatagana: mu Masteringinginginging Vid. Colorado Comment Rights Rights Rights [ (20)]), Kkooti, kkooti yasala omusango nti gavumenti yakyawa omufumbi w'enzikiriza enzikiriza z'enzikiriza z'eddiini bwe yamugaana okuleetawo empalo. Kyokka, okusalawowo tekwasawo n'okuleetawo okusoosattulukuka mu mateeka g'eddiini.

Obubonero obulala bweyongera okugezesa ekkomo ly'enkwaso z'obufumbo. Ekibuuzo kiragibwa oba nga bizineesi egaana okukola emirimu egikwatagana n'eddiini naye nga tegigobereddwa. Ku nkomerero, kkooti ziwagidde nnyo obukwasiddwa bw'amateeka agakwata ku kwegatta ku bantu, naye nga bye basazeewo bya njawulo. Ensonga ekwataganako n'ensonga kiri nti gavumenti ziyinza okukozesa amateeka agakwata ku nsonga z'obutebenkevu okuziyiza abafumbo okukuza oba okukuza abaana; kkooti ezisinga obungi zigaanyizza okugezaako ng'okwo, naye amateeka tegakkiriza enkola eyo.

Transgender Marriage Rights n’Ekyokulabirako ky’Enzikiriza ya Obergefell

Ekifo ekirala ekitandise kweyoleka kaati nti obufumbo busobola okubaamu abantu ab'enjawulo. nga [FLT] obeeko obwetaavu.

Nga bwe kirabiddwa mu nkola eyakolebwa mu kkooti enkulu ey'Amerika, waliwo okweraliikirira mu bakkirizi nti obergefell kisobola okuddamu okuddibwamu. Mu era Kkooti y'Abakyala [[FLT] eragiwayusiza mu ngeri endala ez'enjawulo, era nga gye yagwamu [[FLT:], Jacrence] Clarence Thomas yawandiika ekitegeeza nti Kkooti endala erina okuddamu okutunuulira enkola y'obulamu, nga mw'otwalidde ne [FOLD:]berge. Wabree. Wat. Wadev [[5]

Ekifo kya Kkooti z’Eggwanga n’Enkyuuka z’Eby’Amateeka Ezitakozesebwa

Olw'okuba kooti enkulu esobola okusalawo omusango ku bubwe, kkooti z'ensi yonna zikola kinene nnyo mu kukuuma eddembe ly'obufumbo. Obergefell[, kkooti ezimu ez'omu ggwanga ziwa okusalawo ku nsonga ez'enjawulo ezinaasalawo okusobola okugattibwa mu mateeka ga gavumenti, nga ziwa abantu obuwagizi obulala obwandigattiddwa ne bakkirizibwa mu mateeka agasooka mu Vermont ne Massachus.

Awatali bufumbo, abawagira enkola endala ez'amateeka okusobola okukuuma LGBTQ+ amaka. Eddembe ery'okukolagana obulungi, abazadde bombi okujjuzibwa ku buwandiike, era n'okusasulwa mu bufumbo bwonna byesigamye ku kukkirizibwa kw'obufumbo. Ebbeetuka zino ezizingiramu eddembe ly'obusosozeddwa zitwalibwa mu kkooti za gavumenti, eziyinza okunnyonnyola amateeka gaabwe mu ngeri esingawo okuba enkiiko z'ensi. Nkusaba, okuba nti agenkanankanankana wakati w'abafumbo guyinza obutasinziira ku U.S. Kkooti enkulu era n'ebiragiromenti y'abalamuzi n'abakungu ba gavumenti ze zikola nga bwe zigenda mu maaso.

fundikira

Virginia amateeka ga Amerika gagoberedde okulaga nti obufumbo busaanidde okubeera n'obuyinza, naye nti obutuufu bwabwo bugobereddwa n'okussaawo enkola y'okusala emisango mu buli kika. Hodges [okuva ku '[FLT:]] Kino kyongera ku ddembe ly'obufumbo, ne kikakasa nti obufumbo bukkirizibwa, ne obe nga bw'otaddewo mu mateeka ag'omu mateeka. Hodges [ [olenge] [o n'okwanjula eyo ey'okussawo n'okussawo n'okussawo, n'enkola y'enkola y'emu, era n'ennanyiikizo ez'enna.

Wadde kiri kityo, omulimu gw'okukuuma obusika bw'obufumbo gusigala nga gujjuvu. Omuntu bw'alwanira ddala entalo ezikwata ku bantu abatali bafumbo, okugattika obufumbo, n'okuvaawo kw'obwoya bw'abantu ab'eddiini, era n'okuvaawo kw'ebigambo bergefell[[ ebiwandiiko biraga nti kkooti zijja kweyongera okuba ekifo ekikulu mu bulamu bw'Amerika. Abo abakkiriza nti obufumbo buwangwa bwa buli muntu k'omuntu k'alina eddembe lya buli muntu k'atayagala, kabe kalina kalina kakwate oba kakwate oba kalina omusajja, kye ziyigiriza mu byafaayo, kyeyoleka bulungi: okusigazibwa mu mateeka, okumanyisibwawo n'okukuzibwa kw'ebyo ebisaliddwa mu kkooti ebitegekeddwa mu byafaayo. Kkootikko kiyinza obutayinza kukakasa ku mbeera, naye nga bakyalina olufulumo lw'amateeka olw'amateeka.