Okusalawo ng’Obwannamunigina n’Ebikwata ku Bufumbo

Enjigiriza y'enkola y'emu ku ngeri ezikyasinze okuba ez'amaanyi mu kunnyonnyola amateeka ga Amerika mu ngeri ekontana. Mu kukubaganya ebirowoozo ku by'okwetaba, endowooza eyo ekkirizibwa okuleetawo okusoomooza era n'okulaga nti obufumbo bulina kwenkanankana nga tteeka lya ntegeka. Okutegeera engeri ebyasooka gye bikolamu, n'engeri abawagizi baabwo gye bakontana mu kutegeera ekifo eky'omu mateeka ekyaviirako okusalawo nga Obergecrebv v. Hodgms (2015) n'enkwanjula y'ensonga endala ezikwata ku LGTQ.

Ekitundu kino kikebera enjigiriza ezisookerwako, n'engeri gye kikwata ku kiwandiiko eky'ekkumi n'ena, ekigobererwa Claus mu ngeri etegeerezaamu bergefell[, n'endowooza ezikontana ezikwata ku ngeri gye kiyinza okuganyulamu omuntu okufuna eddembe n'enkyukakyuka.

Okutegeera Enjigiriza y’Omuntu: Ebigambo, Ensobi, n’amakulu g’Obuntu

Enjigiriza eyo teri nnyangu kutegeera. Era ezingiramu engeri ezizigatta ku zisobose okufuna amakulu mu kiseera eky'okukyusizaamu. Obubonero obubiri obusooka butegeeza era n'amakulu ga mu bantu abaasooka.

Amakulu Agali mu Buwangwa Obusooka

Ekiruubirirwa ekyasooka eky'okunoonyereza ku nsonga ezizingirwamu mu kunoonyereza n'okunoonyereza ku ngeri gye kiyinza okukozesebwa mu kunoonyereza. Abavumirira Baibuli bakyetegereza nti enkola eno ey'okukwata ku kabi nga yeesigama ku biwandiiko eby'ebyafaayo ebitali bituukiridde era n'okukyusiza endowooza z'abakungu abatonotono abangi nga bategeera ebya lukale. Enjigiriza eyo ey'olubereberye n'eyo mu bantu ab'edda esobola okuzuula engeri omuntu gy'ategeeramu ebigambo nga mu kiseera eky'okuzibyawulibwamu. Enkyusa eno, ewandiikibwa ne bannasayansi nga Randy Barnett, beewala obukyamu bw'ewanjula okunnyonnyola amakulu g'empandikaafu mu byafaayo.

Ku nnukuta zino zombi zikwatagana bulungi n'enjigiriza: amakulu g'amateeka tegakyuka nga tegagoberera mateeka. Singa abalamuzi bategeera nti eddembe lye lirina kukuumibwa, tebasaanidde kulitonda nga bategeeza. Empandika eno ekwatagana butereevu n'endowooza eri mu Obergefell[.

Lwaki Obufumbo bw’Abasomi n’Abakazi Bukwata ku Kufumbiriganwa mu Bufumbo Obumu

Ekitongole eky'ekkumi n'ena eky'okutaano ekyetongooza, ekyakkirizibwa mu 1868, kirimu ekiwandiikiddwa (Createment Proces Clause) (era ne gavumenti yonna teyinza kunyaa muntu yenna obulamu, eddembe oba ebintu nga tewali mateeka”) era ne Actal Protection Claus Productive (“omuyinza okugaana omuntu yenna mu buyinza bwe kirimu obukuumi bwe bumu obw'amateeka”). Abakuutizi b'obufumbo bwe bumu bagamba nti, entikkulu ey'okufumbiriganwa y'enkomerero n'endwadde ziwandisizza obufumbo. Kyokka, teri nkomerero ya kunoonyereza kwa ddonze.

Ebyafaayo: Okuva ku DOMA Okutuuka ku mpewo

Omusango ogwali gufuga obufumbo obw'ekikula kimu tegutandika n'ekika kya [[[NT:0] Obergefell[. Yayimbibwa n'emitwe egy'emyaka egy'okugobera awamu, amateeka, era n'endowooza ya bantu okukyukakyuka.

Oludda lw’Obufumbo (Asar of Marriat)

Congress yayisa DOMA mu 1996, ng'eraga nti obufumbo bukolebwa ng'obufumbo bw'omusajja n'omukazi omu. Ekitundu 3 ekya DOMA kyagaana gavumenti okukkirizibwa mu mateeka ku bufumbo bw'abantu abeenyigira mu bikolwa eby'okwetaba. Ekikolwa ekyo kyalaga nti Hawaii oba gavumenti endala ziyinza okukkirizibwa mu mateeka okugattibwa n'abantu ab'obukaba era ne kiviirako abantu okufuna emiganyulo wansi w'ekibiina ky'Ekibiina kya Claus.

[[AGUMENTI:0]United States v. Empewo[[:1] (2017])

Mu kusalawo 5-4, Kkooti enkulu yasala Ekitundu 3 ekya DOMA ng'emenya emisingi egyandigobeddwa mu kukyusa okw'okutaano. Okuwandiikira abasinga obungi, omulamuzi Kennedy yakiggumiza nti ekigendererwa kya DOMA kwe “kwawula n'okulumya” abafumbo ab'obukaba, mu ngeri eyo ne bateekawo ekkomo ku nkolagana yaabwe. Etteeka teryalagira nti gavumenti zikkiriza obufumbo obw'ekinnyiikivu naye lyateekawo ekkulu erinaakwo.

Kiwandiiko eky'omu kkanisatiika eky'okufumba kye kyesigama ku kulaga nti tewali bujulizi bwonna mu byafaayo obwali bulaga nti okunjuluza kwa kutaano kwalina okumanyibwa nga kukuuma nkolagana y'obugwenyufu. Omulamuzi Scalia yavunaana emirundi mingi okutandikawo obwali bukkirizibwa “abantu b'omu Amerika obutamanya nti eddembe eryali mu Mateeka ga Bukaluuni.”

Obergefell v. Hodges: Ekironderwa kya Land Landsell

Mu [[NKULA:0] Obergefell v. Hodges, kkooti enkulu ekkiriza nti Kkooti esingayo okuba nti Mweefube ey'okuyisaamu e 144 yeetaagisa gavumenti zonna okukkiriza okugattibwa kw'abantu babiri ab'ekikula ekimu era n'okukkiriza obufumbo obw'okwetaba obukkirizibwa mu bitundu ebirala. Endowooza y'abasinga obungi, nga yawandiikibwa Justice Kennedy, esinziira ku mpagi bbiri: enkola esaanira n'obukuumi bwenkanankana.

Endowooza y’Abasinga Obukulu

Omulamuzi Kennedy yalonda “obulombolombo n'obulombolombo buna obwalaga engeri enkulu ey'obufumbo: (1) eddembe ery'okwesalirawo ku bikwata ku bufumbo lya muntu kinnoomu; (2) obufumbo busobozesa obufumbo okubeera obumu obw'emirundi ebiri obutafaananako na bulala bwonna; (3) bukuuma abaana n'amaka; era (4) bukuuma abaana n'obuwangwa bw'abantu. Awo nno yawunzika nti emisingi gikwata ku bafumbo bokka na bokka, kubanga “eddembe ery’okufumbiriganwa lirina obwetwaze mu ddembe ly'omuntu okufumbirwa, era ne wansi w'Ekkukuuma Emirimu ne Clausssookes (Ekkulembedde) okw'okugattika n'okubeekkumi n'ekimu, terimu n'obutuufu era n'eddembe eryo eririmu.

Era abasinga obungi baagaana endowooza egamba nti ennyinnyonnyola y’obufumbo erina kusinziira ku nkola za demokulase oba mu nsi, nga bagamba nti “eddembe ery’omunda liyinza obutakkirizibwa mu kulonda; beesigama ku ebyo ebiva mu kulonda n'okulonda.”

Obutakkiriza Mu Lubereberye

Omulamuzi omukulu ayitibwa Roberts, Justice Scalia, Justice Thomas, ne Justice Alito buli omu yawandiika obutakkaanya.

[[NT:0] Ekisobyo kya Justice Scalia kye kyasinga okulaga ensonga enkulu. Yagamba nti, Amateeka “tegakakasa bukakafu bwa kuyingira bufumbo obw'ekikula obumu” kubanga “kivudde ku ntandikwa okusoma obwannamuniga okubeera n'obufumbo obw'ekika kya 141 Consolement.” Scalia yavumirira nnyo abasinga obungi nti bulina okwesiga“ era nti busobola okuteeka ebirowoozo ku nsonga y'abantu, so si ku mateeka.”

Tsaanyawo endowooza y'ekiwagizi kya Thomas yaggumiza nti amakulu ga okusooka ga “bulkurty” mu kiwandikiro ekikolebwa Claus yali etegeeza eddembe ly'okwefuga. Yayogera nti abantu abasinga obungi baali bakyusizza eddembe ne balifuula “ekiganzi okunnyonnyola obufumbo buli ngeri gye butuukaganamu,” endowooza gye yazuula okuzigyako enyinnyonnyola y'amateeka.

[[NT:0] Omulamuzi omutuufu Roberts yakyogerako ku butakkiriziganya ku bikwata ku kufuga oba ekkomo erikugirwa mu nkola y'ekika ky'amateeka. Yalaga nti “Kkooti bw'ebaamu ebigambo ebireeta enkula y'ekikula okuzaala abaana, tewali bukakafu bulaga nti abafumbo ab'obukaba be bimu batera okuzaala abaana.”

[[NKUMBO] Ekiragiro Aluto kyagamba nti Amateeka “makulu tegakwata ku nsonga y'obufumbo obw'okwetaba,” era nti ekibuuzo kyandibadde kilekebwa ku nkola y'eby'obufuzi. Yalabula nti okusalawo okwo kwandireesewo ebinaavaamu eby'enzikiriza ez'envuma n'eewaawo kukkirizibwa.

Obufumbo obw’Ekikula n’Obw’Ekikula Kiyinza Okubaamu Obufumbo bw’Ekikula?

Wadde nga waliwo obutakkaanya mu Obergefell obungi butera okulagibwa ng'ekifo eky'okutandikira ddala ku kya bulijjo, abeekenneenya bangi bagamba nti, n'okugatta abawabuzi abasooka n'abatategeera bye boogera ku nsonga ez'enjawulo, kiyinza okutegeeza nti obufumbo obw'obusimba oba obw'empandika ez'ekika kya nnamba, obusooka tebutera kulagibwa mu ngeri y'emu. ‘ Abakulembedde abo abawagizi baakiririza ddala” beeroboserobo

“ Obukuumi”

Bannassaayansi abamu, nga bwe yagamba Profesa Steven Calabresi, bagamba nti amakulu g’ekitongole ekiyitibwa Exlume Expandement Protection Claus gagaana obusosoze mu by’okwetaba.

“ Eddembe ery’Eby’Okwesalirawo”

Ekirala kiwa endowooza nti “obuteefu.” Professor Randy Barnett, omukugu mu kuwandika ebyafaayo, agamba nti okugattika ekiragiro n'enfuna z'abantu ne z'enfuna eziba zaategekebwa kiwandiikiddwa Ninth Amereka, kikuuma eddembe ly'omuntu kinnoomu eryasimba amakanda. Wadde nga Barnett tawagira mu bujjuvu [[[FLT:]] Obergerose [[FLT]], agambye nti omuntu w'oyagala okufumbirwa ayinza okuba n'eddembe ery'okufumbirwa, singa liba liyinza okulagibwa mu bujjuvu mu byafaayo by'eggwanga bino n'ebiragiro ebirala ebiyinza obutakkirizibwa mu kutuuka ku ku nsonga y'okugattibwa. Kyokka, Barli ateekwa okumanyibwa mu ngeri y'okumanyira musingira ddala.[FL:]

Okutaputa Obulombolombo n’Essaza Eriramu”

Enkola ey'okusatu, oluusi eyitibwa “enkola ezaasooka ez'okugoberera enkola z'amateeka,” egamba nti ebigambo bya tteeka birimu emitindo egimu egikyusa obulamu bw'abantu nga bafuuka ba bulijjo. Ng'ekyokulabirako, etteeka ery'okukyusaamu mu mateeka lya Enteerry Conflinection lyakkirizibwa okusooka okugaana ekibonerezo ekinyiiza omuntu okubonerezebwa ekiva ku mateeka. Abakugu bannasayansi abamu bagamba nti eddembe ery'okukyusaamu mu Ddaakiina mu nteekateeka ey'okukwata ku mateeka n'enkola y'obwenkana liba liba liba liba liteekeddwako mu kukwata ku mbeera empya. Endowooza eno ekontana n'egamba nti eddiini y'enkyukakyuka mu byafaayo n'eyo eyinza okugobererwa.

Obuzibu n’Ekiruubirirwa by’Okutaputa Obuwangwa mu Njawukana z’Obufumbo Obwannamunigina

Endowooza nti ebintu byonna bikolebwa mu ngeri y’eddiini eyogerwako ng’ey’obuwagizi obw’ekika ekya waggulu ennyo, ewaayirizibwa nnyo mu mateeka ne mu bawagira enkola endala ez’okunnyonnyola amakulu g’ebigambo.

Ekizibu Ekiri mu Bujulizi Obukwata ku Biseera eby’Edda

Abakugu bagamba nti ebintu ebyakolebwa mu byafaayo bisobola okubuguudamu.

Okutaasa Ebifa ku Kitonde n’Okubirowoozaako

Enjigiriza eyo teyigiriza nti omuntu tajja kugoberera enkola eyalyoka agigoberera. Ng'ekyokulabirako, omulamuzi Scalia yalonda okuwanirira Roe v. Wade mutunuulizi newakubadde nga yalowooza nti kye kisaliddwawo kikyamu. O.Obergefell, omukugufu mu mateeka ayinza okukkiriza nti ekisazeewo kye kisalawo mu bukyamu. Obukalukujjuzi buno bweyolekera mu ku nsonga eyo. Obukalukusiro buno bubadde bwongera ku mutwe mu kunoonyereza okwasooka.

Enkyukakyuka mu Mateeka n’Ekiwandiiko

Abakugu mu by'eddiini batera okugamba nti singa abantu baagala eddembe eritakuumibwa, liteekwa okukoma ku Mateeka n'obusobozi bw'ebiragiro, so si ku kunnyonnyola buzibu mu ngeri ey'okukwata ebiba bisengeke. Empalana eno y'enkukano eyoleka nnyo obutakkaanya eziri mu Obergefell[. Omulamuzi omukulu w'amateeka Roberts yagamba nti, “abawagidde obufumbo obw'ekinnyi kye kimu batuuse ku buwanguzi okuyitira mu nkola ya demokulase" era nti Kkooti yafuula enkola eyo okusokebwawo.

Abawakanya endowooza eno bagamba nti kizibu nnyo okutereeza ekiba kizzeewo (ng'olekawo emirundi esatu n'ebitundu bisatu ebya sirpooti za gavumenti, era nti eddembe ly'abantu abatono abatono lye balina likuumiddwa kkooti ne bwe kiba nti tebalina buwagizi. Obusosoze obuli wakati w'obukaanyi obuli mu sooka n'obusobozi obutono obw'ennene tebugobereddwa.

Eddembe ly’Eddiini n’Ebyaddirira

Okuva Obergefell, endowooza ez'edda zibadde zikozesebwa mu nsonga ezaaddako ezikwata ku kugaana okuyingira eddiini. Masterfixwop, Ltd. Colorado Comvil Rights Commission [2018]), Kkooti yagobera olutalo olusembayo, era n'eraga nti ekitongole ekyo kyali kiwagidde okukyawa eddiini. Empalaago eza Oluyonaani nazo zassibwa ku nsonga ezizingiramu amateeka agafuga oba enzikkiriza enkola ya Free Execrection Claus. Ekireetera okukasa n'ennamba ez'abafumbo abateesambaana mu n'eddiini okusobola okunnyonnyola oba okuyita mu bitundu eby'enjawulo eby'amateeka.

Ekirala: Obusosoze Bulina kifo kya Bukulu mu Biseera eby’Omu Maaso eby’Obufumbo eby’Abantu Abenkanankana

Okukaayana okukwata ku butali bugenderevu n'okwetaba mu bufumbo si kwa mu byafaayo; kubadde kukwata ku bantu bangi ng’ebibuuzo ebippya bwe bijjawo.

Ebyava mu bawandiisi ab'edda bitegeerekeka bulungi okusinga “obuwangwa bw'abantu abaasooka obukkirizibwa mu ddiini y'emu ey'okwegatta obwa bulijjo” oba“enjigiriza y'omu stricial ekkiriza ekyo.” Enkola eno ekwetaagisa okwekenneenya text, enkalala, ebyafaayo, n'enkola ebadde egoberera enkola z'amateeka okusobola okutereeza endowooza y'abamu, enzikiriza y'obufumbo wansi w'amateeka, era n'enkyukakyuka ez'enjawulo. Omuntu yenna bw'agezaako okutegeera ebiwandiiko ebyo, ateekwa okuba n'ekifo ekya LGBTQ ky'obusobozi obulaga nti obufirosoofo obutuufu obw'okugonjoola enfumo zenkanankana nga tebulina musingi gwe busimbyesimbyesimbye. Okutegeera ensonga zino kikulu nnyo eri buli omu ku ku nsonga ezisinga okuwakanya enkakaasooso mu mateeka.

Ekiragiro kino kisoma nga kiwandika ebiri mu ku ., Omulamuzi Scalia’s era display mu Obergefell[, ne Randy Barnett [[[FLT:]] asticle on textmental [[FLT] and recut [FLT]. Ebirations. Ebirala eyinza okuzisanga mu Steven Calebresi nga za [[FLT:] [[FLT:]]] era ne McCollell's [FLT]'ama amakulu agasooka.[FLT]