Eggulo: Okusuubiza Okubeera Omuddugavu ku Lwokutaano ng’Ekirabo Ekikkirizibwa mu Mateeka

Ekitongole ekikola ku by'emirembe mu Northern Ireland, ekyatwala emyaka nga 3,500 mu kiseera ekyatwala obulamu era ne kileka empiso ez'amaanyi. Wadde nga mu ndagaano y'eby'obufuzi, okussaawo gavumenti y'amaanyi agafuga ensi yonna, era ng'eggumba okussaawo emirembe wakati w'obumu n'abamu ku bannabyabufuzi, okusobola okuleetawo emirembe wakati w'obumu n'obumu mu Northern Ireland, ekiseera ekyaviirako abantu okufiirwa obulamu obusukka mu 3,500 era ne kileka empiso ez'amaanyi. Endagaano eyo eyinza okujjuzibwa olw'obukuukugukuguza obukugunjufu mu by'obufuzi obwayo. Okutegeera engeri gye yayawumbamu obumu n'okuzimba emirembe tekulaga nti okuzimba emirembe kuyinza okubaamu ebizibu eby'omu mateeka. Endagaano zino, obweya mu nsi yonna, zijja kusobozesa okumanyibwa mu ngeri ey'eby'omulembe ogumu, era n'okumanyibwa mu ngeri ey'omulembe ogumu, mu Bugazi mu Bula mu Bulaayatika, okumanyisa.

Emirandira gy’Eby’Amateeka egy’Okugobererwa ku Lwokutaano

Ekivume eky'okutaano Active si kiwandiiko kimu kyokka naye kirimu ebiwandiiko bibiri ebikulu. Ebigattidwa byaakyo ebibiri ye Biina by'ekibiina kya Bangi Abatuuze abangi. Endagaano ey'eby'obufuzi wakati wa Northern Ireland ne Bungereza, endagaano wakati wa United Kingdom ne Republic of Ireland. Eggwanga lyaweebwa amateeka mu [[FL:0][FLT][1] Northern Ireland Act [[FL:2], eyatandikawo endagaano wakati w'Amerika ne Ireland era n'eggulawo en'eggukawo emirembe mu nsi yonna. K'alagira nti tewali kitundu kyonna ku bwakabaka obwa Bungereza obwandivuddemu. Ekiragiro kyayo kijja kusigala nga tewali bantu baayo ate nga baawagira endagaano eyo. Ekiragiro kino kissaawo endagaano eyakolebwa mu nsi yonna mu ggwanga eri mu ggwanga ery'obukiikaluubonero. Ate era ne mu ggwanga eryo lyakola enteekateeka ey'okumenya amateeka okumenya enzigerebwa mu Amerekawo mu Amereka enziromenti oba mu ggwanga erimu. Endagaano endala ez'okuva mu Ireland.[Ft'okuva mu Buva mu Bukiikak

Ekifo ky’Omukago mu Mambuka ga Ireland 1998

Act mu Northern Ireland Act 1998 y'ensibuko y'enkola y'amateeka mu nsi eyateekebwawo endagaano. Yatandikawo olukuŋŋaana olw'oku Mambuka ga Ireland ne Kakiiko Akakozesa Amaanyi (gafuga). Act era yateekawo enkola ezikwata ku ntegeka z'obukwasiro. Act era yatandikawo akakiiko k'enkola k'enkola k'entegeka za gavumenti mu Northern Ireland Rights Commission era ne Entenet Commission, byombi ebikola emirimu egikwataganyizibwa n'okugondera eddembe ly'obuntu n'obwenkanankanankana. K'Akaawumba k'obuwandikiro era bitwaliramu enteekateeka ezikola enjjulukuka singa wabaawo okusokkirira mu maanyi, akakiiko akajjufu mu ggwanga akabadde kakkiriziddwa emirundi egiwerako okuva mu 2002 ne mu 2007. K'Akajjukano k'eggwanga k'eggwanga lya Ireland era k'ekyetaagisa nti terimu ku n'enkyukakyuka ezisinga obungi mu ggwanga erimu Ireland gye liyinza okufulumizibwamu okumanyibwa.

Endagaano ya Bungereza n’Amateeka g’Ensi Yonna

Endagaano y'eggwanga lya Bungereza ekkirizibwa okussaawo endagaano y'emirembe wakati w'ekibiina ky'Amawanga Amagatte, ewa enteekateeka y'okussaawo endagaano y'emirembe. Endagaano eno ewa gavumenti zombi zikola olukuuti olw'okunywerera ku misingi gya Good Foundation Auved Aunt. Ekiragiro kino kisobozesa gavumenti okussaawo etteeka eriziganya enzikkiriza okukyuka kw'amateeka, entegeka y'abantu, n'okutumbula enkolagana y'obukiika kkono n'ey'obuva mu buvanjuba bwa Buvanjuba. Era kyatandikawo endagaano eyo okusobola okubuunika enzinjibwa mu nsonga ezitali za Devooldveld. Amawanga gonna gakyongera ku nsonga ezireetebwa mu mateeka: enkani ku kutuukiriza enkyungizo ez'eby'obufuzi, era n'ekibiina ne kitosobola okwewambuluza okuva ku mateeka awatali kumenya amateeka mu nsi yonna. Kino kyaggumizibwa mu kiseera UK ekitongole eky'obufuzi eky'ebunnannannakye mu ggwanga mu ggwanga mu ggwanga mu ggwanga lya Bungereza nga kiragira okugaana okusasula enkabirira mu n'en

Eddembe ly’Abantu n’Eby’Obwenkanankana

Empandika enkulu mu Kivumede eky'okutaano Act y'eraga nti essira ly'enkomeredde eritadde ku nzikiriza z'abantu era n'enkyukakyuka. Aspect yennyini esaba etteeka erifuga enfuga Northern Ireland, nga liteekeddwawo etteeka eriragira abantu okuba n'enzikiriza ez'enjawulo oba endowooza ez'enjawulo. Endagaano eyo esigala nga tennatuukirizibwa waakayita emyaka egisukka mu 20. Entekoodoodoodo zaaza , era nga ziwagidde endagaano enziina endagaano ez'amateeka mu Bulaaya ewandikiro mu mateeka ga UK, ezirwanibwa kafundikwate ne ku bannaawe bannaazo ne ku ddembe. Ate era zaatwala ebitongole ebireeteeyambisibwa okuteekawo eb'okuteekawo ebiwandiiko eby'enkomerero. [FFFF1], nga bwe zikosebwa mu ggwanga erimu ku mateeka agamu mu Northern Ireland, ebitongole ebireetebwa ne mu ku ku nsonga za gavumenti.

Ekitongole Ekikola ku Maanyi n'Ebizimbe Byaakyo eby’Ebyamateeka

Ekintu eky'enjawulo mu mateeka mu Kivumenti ekiyitibwa Good Frint Account ky'eky'okulabirako ky'eky'okulabirako ky'okulonda amasannyalaze. Obutafaananako enkola eza bulijjo ezibeera mu lukiiko olukulu we zibeera gavumenti, Association Advvuunity yeetaagisa abateesiteesi b'ekibiina okuteekawo kakiiko akafuga enjawukana n'obuwangwa, era n'omumyuka w'Omukungu eyasooka (kati kati ategese Obwa Bukiiko bw'Omukungu Obusooka) nga obutongoze obwalondebwa olukuŋŋaana ku musaawutu ogunene. Enteekateeka eno etegekebwa okuziyiza ekiwandikiro kyonna obutafuga kibiina ekirala era n'okukakasa nti ebirowogo bya Northern Ireland bikolebwa mu kukkulembeddwawo.

Enkola y’Okugoba Obubonero n’Okugoba Obubonerevu

Ekiragiro kino kisalawo nti Omukungu Osooka yeesalirewo akakiiko akakolera ku lukiiko lw'obukiiko bw'eggwanga nga ke kalina enkola ekkirizibwa mu d’Hondt, enkola esobozesa buli kibiina okufuna ebifo ebikiikirirwa okuba mu kifo ky'obukulembeze. Enkola eno esobozesa omukulembeze eyasooka okulonda kakiiko akakola nga bwe kiragiddwa. Etteeka erikugira abantu obutakkirizibwa kuva mu gavumenti okuggyako nga bavudde ku nkola y'obukulembeze, ekireetawo obwa bulijjo. Kino kiviiriddeko okubaamu okubaamu okusukka kwa bulijjo kwa kakiiko akafuzi. N'ekitongole ekya Democratic Union Union ekikola okusobola okulonda kalina okubaamu kakiiko akafuzi ak'enjawulo. Enkiiko zino tezisobola kwewanjula okubaamu okuleetawo enkaluza, era n'okuva mu n'ensonga zino tezisobozesa bantu okussaawo enkyungi mu ggwanga erisinga obungi mu Northern Ireland okussaawo amaanyi. K'enkiiko ekkomera ku buyinza okusobozesa okukolagana n'enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'obuvugibadde mu nkola ey'obuvunjabi. Kkomera mu buyinza obwo okusobozesa abantu abo bonna okukkirizibwa okukkirizibwa

Okweraliikirira Okukkiriza n’Okwetaagisa ng’Okwagala Kukukkiriza Okukolebwa

Okusobola okukuuma ebiwagirwa abantu abo bombi, endagaano eyo ekwetaagisa okusalawo ku nsonga enkulu nga jjuzibwe. N'olwekyo, okulonda abantu ab'oku lukiiko, okulonda abawagizi, n'okutongoza embalirira, birina okukolebwako. Bino bikkirizibwa olw'abantu bangi abalonderwa okulonda mu busaasizi oba olw'obukulembedde, oba olw'ekikebe kya 60 ku buli kitundu ekibadde kitwalibwa ng'okulonda, nga 40% ku buli kitundu. Okugatta ku ekyo, Ekwegayirira ku nteekateeka y'okusalawo okuba n'okutambula kikkiriza 30 oba n'okusingawo, okuyita mu lukumbo lwonna olw'okuzaala, nga baagala okukkirizibwa okukkirizibwa okukkirizibwa mu kufuulibwa abateewala. Okusabira mu mateeka agatali gamu kukolebwa okusoomooza okusattulugunya obufumbo okusattulukuuzibwa. Ebitongole ebitongole ebitongole ebitongole ebitongole ebitongole ebitongole ebitongole ebitongole ebitongole ebitongole ebitongole eby'omunnabirira okuwakanya eby'omuthebwa mu mateeka eby'omuthe.

Okugumira Ebizibu

Wadde nga kibadde kitegekeddwa bulungi mu mateeka, Ekivumede Ekirungi eky'Okutaano kifunye okusoomooza kwa maanyi. Obwesige mu by'obufuzi, eby'amagye, n'eby'obutujju, bigezesese enkola y'ekibiina.Emyaka egyasooka egyakakolebwa endagaano eyo gyalimu ennyo obukuubagano olw'okuvaawo kw'ebyokulwanyisa, okulongoosebwa kwa poliisi, n'okuteebwa kw'abasibe.

Okuggya eby’okulwanyisa mu Nsi

Ekimu ku nsonga ezaali zisinga okuleetawo obutakkaanya kyali okulekera awo okuyingiza ebyokulwanyisa bya amagye. Agument yagamba nti abo bonna abatuula ku lukuŋŋaana olwo bandikozesezza “buyinza okuba n'obuyinza bwonna obwandikozesezza” okumaliriza omulimu mu myaka ebiri gyokka, naye tebaateekawo kiseera kigereke. Okugaana kwa Irish Republican Army (IRA) okulekerawo eby'okulwanyisa kyafuuka ekifo ekikulu, ekyaviirako okugwawo kw'Olukiiko olusooka mu 2002. Olukiiko olwo lwasalawo olwasooka okusobola okuwonya obulamu ate ne lutandika okumalirizibwa mu 2005, RA bwe yamalirizibwa nga enkyungiriz'okuyingira mu buyinza nga bakwasigibwa wansi w'amateeka ku Decommu. Enkola y'eby'obufuzi mu kifo eky'okugoba abamenyi b'amateeka, enteekateeka y'amagye ekkiriza okuziganya ebitongole ebitongole bya amagye okuwookebeesa. Enkano yagonjo mu 2005 yateeba nga y'ensonga ku ku kubaako obulaago awserikale aw'eby'obufuzi nga tey'okulangirira.[8] Ennagobere

Okukyusa Ebiri mu Poliisi n’Omukulembeze wa Patten

Mu kitongole ekimanyiddwa nga Police Ulster Consaculary (RUC) kyasalawo nti oluvanyuma lw'okutaano mu Ireland (PSNI) olukalala lw'amateeka lwetaagibwawo, era nga luno lwasobozesa abapoliisi ba Communist okumanyibwa nga 50:50- Procentictivesy n'okumanyibwa . Enkyukakyuka zino zaasenzibwa mu Bapoliisi mu Ireland ow'omu Mambuka, naye nga zikkirizibwa okumanyibwa ennyo. Kyokka, enkyukakyuka zino zaakolebwa mu mateeka mu mateeka era ne ziddibwamu n'abapoliisi baatuluguza n'obulumba bw'ebisike ebya RUC, era ne baawulira nga baawulira nti byetaanyeesaawo.

Endowooza Enkyamu Ekwata ku by’Obusika

Ekimu ku bizibu ebisingayo okuba eby'omu mateeka kwe kukola ku bizibu ebyajjawo mu biseera bya 1960 ne 1998. Good Lwight Augness yateekawo endagaano ey'amangu okusumulula abasibe abaasibibwa olw'olukiiko olw'amateeka, enteekateeka eyatwalibwa ng'ey'emirembe. Kyokka, teyateekawo mazima oba enkola ey'obwenkanya. Gavumenti zigezesezza okugonjoola ebizibu ebibatuukako okuyitira mu mibiri gy'ebibiina gamba nga Entersing Empies ne Police Ombudman as Consements Crectives Crectory agements, naye zifunye okusoozesebwa ku nsonga ezizzeewo, naye nga zitwalibwa ng'envumo, era nga ziremereddwa okusobozesa okuzigibwa mu ggwanga erimu. Ekiragiro kyago mu Northern Ireland okussaawo amateeka nga n'okugo (Eggy ne Resorcence), ebirence 2022, ebikkoberamu Kkommu Kkommukkomu Kkommu ne Ekkommu mu ggwanga erimu mu Bulaaludde mu Bulaaludde mu Bu

Endowooza ya Breexit

Endagaano eyo yaleetawo ekizibu wakati wa Northern Ireland ne Republic of Ireland. Endagaano eyo yasobozesa ensalo ezo okubaawo. Ekyasalwawo ekyo kyakolebwa olw'okuba nti buli omu ku b'obumu mu kibiina kya EU kikolera wamu n'obuwangwa bw'eggwanga. Brexit yali ayagala kuzzaawo ensalo ya njawulo, ekyandiviiriddeko emirembe, eby'enfuna, n'enkolagana ey'okusala Omusaalaba. . Ekiragiro kino kyagonjoolwawo nga kye kimu ku nsonga ezisinga okuleetawo obukuubagavu mu Prootivel-BRIT UK.

Etteeka Ekireetera Empewo Okuzimba

Mumuwaatwa gwa UK-Eafracrave Aument, mu Northern Ireland, gwatandikawo ensalo mu nnyanja ya Irish nga bagoberera amateeka g'omu Bukiika kkono Ireland n'amateeka g'omubusuubuzi. Kino kyaziyiza ensalo za bulijjo ku kizinga kya Ireland naye ne kileetawo enjwalo wakati wa Great Britain ne Northern Ireland. Ekiragiro kyagobererwa wansi w'ennamba era ne kigaana n'enzikiriza z'ebibiina by'omu Northern Ireland okussaawo amateeka gaavunaana nti kyavumisa omwoyo gwa . Naddala ekitongole ekyo kyawakanya e DUP, nnaddala enteekateeka y'P, kyawakanya nti enteekateeka y'amateeka ereetebwa ne k'enkyukakyuka mu Ireland ey'omu n'ebitundu ebirala ebya UK, ne bimenya amateeka agakkukkiriza okukkirizibwa mu Northern Ireland. Act 20222, nga k'egobeetuka y'egoberebwa mu k'ekko. Endagaano ey'amateeka y'emuk'envumbowamu y'emu.

Mu Febwali 2023, ekibiina kya EUC kyakkiriziganya ku [FOLT]., ekyaleetawo enkyukakyuka mu Mateeka, nga mwe muli n'obubonero obwa langi eza bbulu n'obumyufu, era ne kiggyawo enyinza ezikugira okutunda ebintu mu UK. Omulimu ogwo era gwawanyisa ne Northern Ireland akabukyufu, obutundu obwa “Stukmont Brake". Kino kyasobozesa abantu abatono abangi okwemulugunya nga ba ddembe okukola ebintu ebipya mu EUNIRS, era ne kiba nga kisobozesa okukola enkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi ku bulamu. Wadde nga Winders Fums eream, obukulembedde obutuufu, obugazi obwakaluya, obwava mu ggwanga lyonna ne bweyongera okuzigyawo.

Obutakkaanya mu Buwaanyi mu Mateeka n’Enkaayana mu by’obufuzi

Kkooti y'ebadde ekola ku mateeka mangi. Kkooti enkulu mu Northern Ireland yagoba okusoomooza okwali kukolebwa bannabyabufuzi abaali bagamba nti akakwate kaago kaagootaanya Ebikolwa by'omulembe gwa Union 1800, naye kaalaga nti ebiwandiiko bya gavumenti byayo byagooleka. Gavumenti y'empanya amateeka.[1] Ekyuukawo yaggulawo amateeka ga Ireland ow'omu Northern Protooctive Bill mu 202222.Nyandiyandimudde abakungu baaweereze ebitundu by'amateeka, era singa baddamu okukaayakanattulira ddala etteeka eririmu etteeka lya Protocooticalse, nga n'abakulembeddewo abakutaano baddiŋŋanyusizza esso, ate nga mu kiseera ekyo enzirondo zaagobererwamu oluvannyuma ne zigobererwa ddala nga bannazz'okukyusiza ddala amateeka. Kratikko ekyo ne mu Ireland ekigamba ekigamba nti, tekikyusizza abantu abasinga okukyuuzibwamu mu Ame.

Endowooza z’Omu Mateeka mu Biseera eby’Omu Maaso

Bwe tutunuulira mu maaso, kijja kutwetaagisa okumanyibwa mu mateeka mu Kivume eky'Okutaano olw'okutaano okusobola okugonjoola ebizibu ebippya. Bino bitwaliramu ebigo ebigootaanya ebizibu, okukoma kw'enkyukakyuka eziyinza okugobererwa amateeka, era n'ensonga ez'obuntu okubeenkanankana. Abakugu mu by'amateeka balaga ebifo bingi ekyetaagisa okuleetawo enkyukakyuka oba enkyukakyuka.

Entegeka Okuzzaawo Enkolagana

Ebitongole ebirabirira amaanyi binafuye, era nga wagenda wagwawo ekiseera. Ekiragiro kya ssemateeka wa UK ne Ireland ekyassibwawo mu 2021 kinoonyereza engeri y'okunywezaamu amakonkonola. Ebitongole ebyo bizingiramu okukendeeza ku kuteekawo kw'obyetaaza okwetaaga, okulonda n'okuggyamu enkaayana wakati w'enkalu z'omukulu n'omukulu w'Akakiiko akasooka, era ne kisobozesa olukuŋŋaana lw'omukulembeze okukolera ddala nga teruumbiddwa mu bujjuvu. Abamu bagezaako okuva ku mu kakiiko akakwatanyinyinyinyinyinyisi nga badda mu ku kussaawo enkola y'okugobeeggulawo ekikolebwa mu Northern Ireland Act 1998, naye nga kiyinza okuteeka embeera ey'okuzzaawo emirembe wakati w'ekibiina. Enkyukakyuka yonna eteekwa okuba nga y'obutebe bw'eyagasaze bw'ego n'ego w'ego.

Okussa mu Nsonga Ebikwata ku Buzibu

Enkaayana ezikwata ku mateeka ag'ekika kya Bulaaya yeeyongera mu maaso. Gavumenti y'eK ekola mu ngeri eya bulijjo.[1] Enzivuunula y'enkola eya Independent Commission for Reconciliation and Information . Facesss ebitongole byonna ebifuga enfuga Ireland ow'ebukiikakkono. Ebiwandikiro ebikwata ku ntegeka z'eddembe ly'abantu biwagidde nti olukumbo lwa kakwate ne kaweefube okuzzaawo amateeka gaayo. Ate era, olukalala lw'ensonga ezigendera ku nsonga ezigobererwa mu Nsonga ey'eb'e Bulaaya (eddeddeddeddedde ku bulamu), olukwetaagisa okunoonyereza mu by'ebyafaayo, ekitongole ekikyewatuutirwako, n'ebyo ebimenyeddwa mu byafaayo. Singa wabaawowo ensonga enkulu mu by'eby'obufuzi, ate nga enzikirimu y'ensonga enkulu ennyo. Ate, ensonga enkulu egoberera amateeka g'ensonga y'ensonga enkulu ekkirizibwa mu Bukulembeze.

Okumanyiira Embeera y’Eby’obufuzi Ekyukakyuka

Endowooza z'enkyukakyuka mu ggwanga lya Northern Ireland ziraga nti omuwendo gw'Abakatuliki n'ab'eggwanga gugenda gweyongera okumanyibwa ku Baprotestanti n'abantu abafuga ensi. Kino kiyinza okuviirako akataagibwa ku nkyukakyuka mu Ireland mu myaka mitono egiddako, nga bwe kyateekebwawo endagaano. Enkola y'amateeka okunoonyereza ku nsalo eteekebwawo mu kkooti mu Nkiika Dda n'obuwangwa mu Northern Ireland Act 1998, naye ewandisizza enzijjuvu okutuusa ekiseera, n'ebibuuzo nga tekinnabyo. Gavumenti eneeba nga y'ekyetaagisa okusemba enjawukana, era n'ensonga ez'ensonga ez'enjawulo ziyinza okusendebwa mu mateeka okuteeka mu n'obutebenkenkenkenkerevu mu mateeka agakwata ku ddembe ery'okutwala obufuzi, n'okumanyisaamu obweyagasaamu mu mateeka. Ek'enkola eno y'ensonga ey'ensonga ey'ensonga enkulu ego, teri mu mateeka agategekeddwa mu mateeka agatali gago, era ne mu mateeka, tego, tegoberebwa mu mateeka.

fundikira

Mu mateeka, endagaano ennungi ey'okutaano esigalawo ng'enkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi. Ekitongole ekiwagidde emirembe mu bitundu ebyeyawula ennyo okuyitira mu kuteekawo obulungi eddembe, okugattibwa, n'okutabagana. Entegeka y'amateeka yakakasa bulungi obwangu obwanganga nga`'okusattulukuka'eby'obufuzi'okugonjootaanya. Ekigezo eky'amaanyi kivudde mu Brtit, ekyaviirako endowooza z'ekika kya Mulembe ogwo okugo, era nga kyagootaasa obuteefu, okusobola okuzikomya okuzikomya okuzikomya okugonjoolera. Ekitongole kino eky'omu mateeka kirina okweyongera okukifuula nga kiva mu Brti, okutaakulaakulaanye okusobola okutuuka ku bizibu ebippya ebigenda biggwaawo, era nga tekirimu gavumenti z'eby’obufuzi zisobola okusobozesa abantu okuteekawo emitindo gy'amaanyi, era n'enkyukakyuka mu by'eby’eby’obufuzi ebiyinza okuleetawo obumu mu mateeka ebigenda okukulembera emirembe. Ate mu mwaka gwa 1998, tewali kusobozesa emirembe n'enkola emirembe okusobozesa abantu mu nsi yonna oku