Ennyanjula: Endowooza Ennuŋŋamu Ekwata ku Buyinza n’Eddembe

Okugobererwa kw'amateeka g'abamenyi b'amateeka kusibuka ku sipiidi emu ey'enkola eya buli kibiina ekitegekeddwa. Eyo y'engeri ekiragiro gye kikuumamu emirembe, era gye kikolebwamu mu bwenkanya. Amakkati g'abakwasi eno bonga ba poliisi, abaweebwa obuyinza obw'ennene okwekenneenya obumenyi bw'amateeka, okusiba, n'okukakasa abantu nti tebeewala. Kyokka, ab'obuyinza buno si kintu kikakafu era si kye kiteefuga. Okutegeera ekifo kyennyini ekya poliisi n'obuwagizi bwayo okusobola okukuumibwa mu mateeka n'abantu abawandiisi. Ekitundu kino kiwa kalonda kalondoo mu mateeka, enkola y'eby'obukwakulizo, n'ensonga ezinnyonnyola obupoliisi mu Amerika, era n'ensonga ezikwata ku ngeri esobola okugobeetaagobeetaagisa okugobeetaa aw'okukuuma entengo za ddembe.

Ebyafaayo by’Amaanyi ga Poliisi

Amagye ga poliisi gaakolebwa mu byasa bingi ebyaddaakibwa mu mateeka, mu by'obufuzi, ne mu by'obufuzi. Engeri eza poliisi ezaasooka, gamba nga Roma *vigiles* oba enteekateeka y'obupoliisi mu Bungereza, zaateekebwawo era emirundi mingi zaateekebwawo nga zirina obuyinza butono. Okukyusa mu bya poliisi gye zikola mu kyasa ekya 19, naddala mu ngeri y'emu nga Sir Robert Peel yatandikawo London Metropolitan Police mu 1829. Emitindo gya Peel gyassa essira ku kukugira obumenyi, okukolagana wakati w'abantu, n'okukolagana mu ngeri ennuŋŋamu, n'okussa mu nkola ey'amaanyi.

Mu Amerika, enkola y'okukuza obulambe yakolebwa mu bitongole bya poliisi ebyakolebwa mu kibuga London mu kyasa ekya 20. Mu ebyo byonna, emikolo emikulu egyakolebwa mu mateeka ga poliisi gizingiramu okugattibwa kwa Bill of Rights mu mawanga okusobola okumenya amateeka mu Amereka, enkyuza k'ebiwandiiko bya Warren Court ku nkola y'obumenyi bw'amateeka mu myaka gya 1960, era n'enkola ya poliisi ey'okuzza enzivumbo ku ddembe ly'obuntu okusobola okugonjoola okusoosattukwa eddembe ly'abantu. Okutegeera ensonga zino ez'ebyafaayo biyamba okuzzaawo enkambiriraago ku maanyi ga poliisi, okuva ku ku kuyimirira ne ku kirootootaagoosa okukozesebwa mu miteeko gya kamera.

Essaawa z’Amaggye g’Abapoliisi Abamanyi Obutuufu bw’Eby’Eby’Eby’Omu mateeka

Enteekateeka eno ekakasa nti enkola y'okukuuma amateeka ekuumibwa ku lulala era n'enkizo abantu ze balina tezirina kutunuulirwa kungulu.

Enteekateeka z’Essaawa

Constitution ya Amerika, naddala Bill of Rights, eteeka ekkomo lya poliisi ku nnene. Amereka ag'okuna gagaana okuseesa obusaze obw'obusiru era n'okukaluubibwa, nga gagala nti omuntu aweebwe obuyinza ‘ okuseebwa ekifo eky'okunoonyezebwamu, era n'okunnyonnyola abantu oba ebintu eby'okukwatibwa.'ensonga ey'okubiri ekuuma ereme okutaasa ennukuta n'okukakasa enkola esaanira, ng'ate eweewandibwa tteeka erikakasa nti etteeka ery'okusalamasaza libawandikibwa mu bwangu era n'obuyambi bwa gavumenti zigoberera etteeka. Bino byonna bikakasibwa mu mateeka okumenya amateeka agafuga enkola ya kkooti — enjigiriza * Week. * (1914) era ne zigoberezebwa mu ggwanga mu ggwanga lya gavumenti za Ohio *.

Amateeka

Ku ludda lw'amateeka, amateeka ga gavumenti ne gavumenti gatongoza amakoddokofu mu nnyiriri ezimu. Ng'ekyokulabirako, gavumenti efuga abapoliisi mu ngeri emenya empalana. Amateeka oba enkola ya police Mischize gakkirizibwa (34 U.S.C. 7601) era gakkiriza abakwasi b'amateeka okukebera era n'okugooleka abakwasisa amateeka okwegatta abamenyi b'amateeka abeetabaganya mu mpisa ez'ekika kya sistemu. Ku mu mulembe gwa gavumenti, amateeka agafuga okukozesebwa okw'okukwata, enkola ez'okukwata, n'okukwata, n'okukwata obujulizi, n'okukwata obujulizi, ewandikiro, ebiba nga “biyinza okukozesebwa.

Amateeka n’Emisango

Ekiragiro ekisalawo kkooti enkulu mu nsi yonna kilongoosezza ensalo z'obuyinza bwa poliisi enfunda n'enfunda. Terry v. Ohio (1968) kyatandikawo nti abakungu baleme okuyimirira n'okuddira omuntu omu omutiini singa yeekengera omulimu gw'abamenyi b'amateeka, ekipimo ekitono ekisukka ku kiyinza okuba nga kikkirizibwa. Manda v. [1998] Yakola ekiteesobozo ekigo mu ku kukebera ebibakwatako. [FLT:][FLT][19989] (empegaano) ekyakolebwa mu mu ngeri enkalu ku kulondoola ebigambo. Enkiiko ezo tezisinga kukketta , okunnyonnyola mu n'okunoonyereza ku nsonga eziragibwa mu n'omulembe. [FLT][FLT:][1999]) era n'omulongo gw'omulongo gw'omulongo gw'omulembereza gw'omulembe ogumu ogumanyito ogumu mu mateeka, gugamba nti

Abasirikale Bakola

Okutegeera enkola y'amateeka, kitwaliramu kimu kya kubiri eky'ebifaananyi eby'oku sistemu eya poliisi ey'okusitula ennaku zonna — okukwata, okuseesaawo, n'okukozesa amaggye — kuzingiramu okusalawo okw'okubiri okusobola okukakasa ekkomo ly'amateeka.

Okukwatibwa

Okukwatibwa kye kintu ekisingayo okukakasibwa obutereevu ab'obuyinza kye batwala okuba nga bakendeeza ku ddembe. Abakungu okusobola okukkirizibwa, abo abalina obukulembeze balina okuba nga balina ensonga ennungi, okusinziira ku mazima, omuntu kye akoze oba ky'akoze nga wamenyi w'amateeka. Omutindo ogw'ensonga ku nsonga eziyinza okuba nga si ntuufu, naye nga guyinza okuba nga guwa obukakafu bungi okusingawo. Abaserikale bayinza okusiba omuntu yenna aleme okukwatibwa olw'ebibi ebikolebwa mu kifo kyabwe oba olw'okumenya amateeka agamenya amateeka. Kyokka, okukwatibwa mu maka, oba okukwatibwa okw'ekina kubaamu ebbeekkumi, kiyinza okuba nga kikwetaagisa obutabaawowo. . .[[FLT:]

Mu nkola, okukwata kusittuka kye kintu ekiyinza okuvaamu okunoonyereza, naye era ne mu kiseera kino, amateeka gayinza okubuusibwabuusibwa mu kukwatibwa, omulamuzi w'asinziira obanga omukungu oyo alina ensonga ze yeewolereza.

Okunoonya n’Okukyusa Obulamu bw’Abantu

Okunoonyereza kwetaagisa obuwagizi obukkirizibwa obukkirizibwa olw'ensonga nga bunnyonnyola ekifo n'ebintu ebinaasaasaanyizibwa. Kyokka, Kkooti Enkulu ekozesezza ebintu bingi ebikkiriza okunoonyereza mu mbeera ezimu nga tezikkirizibwa:

  • [[AGUMENTI:0] Abakungu bayinza okusena mu kifo omuwangwa we yasibibwa basobole okukakasa nti obujulizi tebuzikirizibwa ([Chimel v. California[, 1969).
  • Embeera eziriwo ng'obubonero obuba buzzeewo, oba embeera ezizingiramu akabi akagenda okujja, oba okunoonyeza omuntu aba akinoonyezeeko, oba okuwa obujulizi obulaga nti agenda kuzikirira ziyinza okuba nga ziwa ensonga okunoonyereza mu buwagizi.
  • [[AGUMENTI:0] Akawayiro akat'awulubwawo:[ Akasawo kayinza okunoonyereza ku mmotoka nga tekaliko bukakafu obulaga nti empuku terimu musango gwonna oba nti tewakyaliwo bujulizi obulaga nti omumenyi w'amateeka (]] Kallll v. United States[, 1925).
  • [[AK'AMUTANDIKA] K'akkiriza:[[[KATANDIKWA:1] Singa omuntu akkiriza kyeyagalire okunoonyereza, abambowa beetaaga bukwasiddwa. Kyokka, okusemba kuteekwa kuba kwa bwereere era nga kwa kyeyagalire; okukkiriza obukkiriza obuyinza tekumala.
  • [[AKMENTI:0] Enjigiriza empandika eya Plainxis:[ Abakungu ba buyinza okuwa obujulizi obulaga nti ekintu ekyo kikkirizibwa era nti kye kikolebwako mu ngeri ey'omusango ne kilabika mangu ddala.

Omuwendo guno gutegekebwa okuleka abasirikale okweyisa obulungi mu bifo ebyangu okukoleramu, naye era gukola ne mu bitundu ebya nviiri. Ng'ekyokulabirako, ekiwandikiro bwe kiba nga kinoonyereze ku muntu okukwatibwa kikoma ku Riley v. California (2014], ekigamba nti abakungu bayinza obutanoonyereza ku ebyo ebiri mu kantu akalaga nti omuntu taliiko bukakafu, ne bwe kiba nga bawambye nnannyini kyo. Ebisalirwawo biraga nti enkola y'okusala ku nkola ey'okwerinda mu bya tekinologiya.

Okukozesa Amaanyi

Enkola ya poliisi oboolyawo y'esinga okwekenneenyezebwa era n'okubuulirirwa ensonga enkulu eza poliisi. Omutindo gw'amateeka guva mu Graham v.Connor, ogukebera ekiragiro ekyo nga guwandiikiddwa mu Amereka ey'okuna, ogugamba nti: “Teri kuba mukakanyavu".

  • Obubi bw’ekiteeso ekyo.
  • Ka kibe nti abakungu abo baali ba bulabe oba nga ba bulabe eri abantu abalala oba abakungu abo, baali ba bulabe eri abajaasi abo.
  • Ka kibe nti oyo eyabanga akiteebereza yali aziyiza obuwambe oba nga yeewala eggaali ly’omukka.

Mu myaka egyakayita, omukungu omuwombeefu abadde atwalibwa ng'omusirikale, naye nga 20/20 Kayisaalirizi. Wadde nga wabaddewo omuteeso guno, enkola nnyingi ez'amaanyi zisangibwa nga tezitegeerekeka singa omuntu alowoozebwa nti tawanyisiddwa, tazigondera, oba nti takugira. Mu myaka egyakayita, okufa okw'omu nkula ng'okwa George Floyd, Breonna Taylory, ne Daniel Prude baat [kulembedde] baatwala mu nkyukakyuka za mateeka, nga mw'otwalidde n'okukugira okukoma okuteeka emirimu ku n'okussa mu kamera, n'okugaziwanyisa enkola ya kkaseetuka. [[FLT:]

Ebiyinza Okukolebwa ku Bapoliisi

Wadde nga kyetaagisa poliisi, ewa abantu eddembe n’obuyinza ku nsonga ezikwata ku nsonga eyo, zikugira abantu okuyisa obubi abangi n’okubeesiga.

Ebirungi mu Bufumbo

Ekiragiro kya 'FLT' era n'empandika z'amateeka bye bisingirwawo okuteekawo obukugisi. Okusala amateeka mu mateeka kukugira empisa za poliisi nga zifuna obujulizi obukyamu. Miranda[ etteeka likakasa nti ebigambo ebiba biwandiikiddwa mu kubuuzibwa abo ababa baagala okukuumibwa bikuumibwa abakungu ba gavumenti, nga mw'otwalidde ne poliisi, okuva ku busonga obubangi obwa bulijjo okuggyako nga baamenya amateeka. Enjigiriza eno ereeteetera okuwakanya enkola y'okwewala okuvunaanibwa mu kutuluguzaamu, wadde nga abawagizigi. Kkootikko ekyo kiraga nti bannakyewa nti baagala okusosola ebibakwata ku bannabyabulimu. Kkootikko ekyo kye babadde nga tekibanguyira ddala okugaana okutaasaamu.

Engeri y’Okufaayo ku Bikwata ku Mutwe

Abapoliisi bayisibwa mu ngeri y'enjawulo okusinga obubonerevu mu mateeka. Abakungu bagonjoola ebizibu ebikoma ku kulaga nti bagoberera amateeka. Bwe bakuuma obukwasi n'ekisa, ne bwe bakuuma obusosoze mu langi oba mu mbeera z'obulamu. International of Kings Coups of Police [[FLP]] Kino kitegeeza nti abafuzi bawa obulagirizi mu nsonga z'ekiragiro n'eby'empisa ebikka wansi, obugattira ku bugolokofu, obutuufu, n'okussa ekitiibwa mu bantu. Kyokka, okuddirira mu by'empisa — nga percry, oba obukkiririzaamu obukoddirizo — bisobola okubuviirako abantu obuteesigamya n'okulemererwa okukola ebintu. Mu ku buwabuzi obungi, naye nga bweyongera amaanyi mu mirimu gy'obuwabuzi.

Eby'okunoonya ebiba bizuuliddwa

Enkola z'okulambula obulabirizi, okunoonyereza okw'omunda, n'okunoonyereza okwa kyewamu, biyamba okukebera amatwale ga poliisi. Ebibuga bingi bitaddewo obulawuzi bw'abantu aba bulijjo nga bulimu eby'okulabirako eby'okulagiriramu eby'okukola nga bannabyabufuzi. Abamu bayinza okusemba obujulizi obwa wansi ku bannabyabufuzi, ate abalala ne bawa obujulizi. Kamera ez'omu mubiri zifuuse eky'okuvunaanyizibwa eky'okulabirabiramu, nga ziwandisizza abapoliisi okusisinkana wakati wa poliisi ne gavumenti. [FLLT:0] Kino kyeyoleka olw'okumenya ebigenda mu maaso g'abapoliisi.

Enkolagana mu Kitundu n’Okuvunaanibwa Abasirikale

Okukuuma etteeka si kye kintu kyokka ekikolebwa ku lubalama lw'amateeka. Abasirikale beesigama ku bwesige bw'abantu bwe balimu, ekiviirako obumenyi bw'amateeka okukolagana obulungi n'okulangirira alipoota. Obwesige obwo bwe busasika, obwenkanya bwonna busasika.

Obukulu bw’Okubeera n’Abakungu mu Kitundu

Enteekateeka y'okugobererwa kw'a bannabyabufuzi mu kitundu ereetera obukulembereze okuleetawo ebizibu. Abakungu bakubirizibwa okuzimba enkolagana n'abantu ababeera mu nsi, okugenda mu nkuŋŋaana z'omuliraano, era n'okukolaganira awamu n'ebibiina ebiri mu kitundu. Kino kikakasa okukendeeza ku kutya obumenyi bw'amateeka n'okulongoosa endowooza z'abantu ku poliisi. Ng'ekyokulabirako, programu ya “Ettemu” eyisa ettemu nga bannabyabufuzi, nga bakozesa abakozi n'abayimirimu okusalako obukujjuzi nga tebannakula. Wadde nga enkola eno tesobozesa bannaawuganyi okuteeka mu bantu okumanyiira ebibakwata ku bannakyemalira.

Bannasayansi n’Okufuba Okuleetawo Enkyukakyuka

Olw'okwekalakaasa okw'eggwanga era nga kwetaagisa poliisi okukomya oba okukyusa embeera, ebitongole bingi bikozesezza enkola endala ezivunaanibwa.

  • Kamera [[NKUMBO:0] Kamera ez'enjawulo eziri mu bitongole ebitali bimu kati ziteekebwa ku nkola eya era nga kamera zino ziraga nti abantu bakolera wamu mu ngeri etali ya bwenkanya era zitera okusabibwa okukozesebwa mu kiseera abakwasisa amateeka we baakoleranga.
  • Ekiragiro kino kilabula abaami ku bintu ebitali bimu ebikolebwa mu mulimu gw'okutegeeza abangi bye bayiseemu.[[Akawayiro aka '-FULT' ka 'F' oba 1' ka 'bumanyirizi'. Olwo n'obungi bwa puloguramu obwo baba bafunye ob'okwemulugunya oba enkola eye'okuyingiza obutuuti obulaga nti obuwayiro obukolera ku nkola eya bulijjo.
  • [[Act:0] Obwannakyewa obufuga amateeka agafuga enfuga zaaleetera ekitongole kya poliisi okulonda enkola ez'eby'obwenkanya mu ngeri etegeerwako.
  • [[NKULA] BBAN ku nnukuta eno: olw'okutta kwa Breonna Taylor, ebibuga n'ebitundu ebiwerako bikendedde oba biwereddwa biragiddwa ku kukozesa brock, ebyateranga okukozesebwa mu kunoonyereza ku bikola.

Enkyukakyuka zino tezikkirizibwa mu nsi yonna — ebitongole ebimu ebya poliisi biwakanya abakungu b'emitwe gy'emitwe gy'abantu abo era ne byongera akabi — naye okunoonyereza kulaga nti abantu bangi bawagira enkola ey'okumanyisa obutuufu bw'ensonga era n'okuvunaanyizibwa.

Makulu Gaakyo: Okutuuka ku Biseera eby’Omu Maaso Ebitagudde Lubege

Okugobererwa kw'amateeka kulina okuba n'obuyinza obumala okukuuma abantu n'okuleetawo obwenkanya, kyokka obufuzi obwo buteekwa okutongozebwa okusobola okuziyiza okunyigirizibwa.