Table of Contents
Ennyanjula ya Constitution eya United States y'emu ku bigambo eby'ensonga z'eggwanga ebirabika ennyo mu byafaayo. Ennyanjula yaalyo ey'ekifaananyi, " Fy People", etegeeza ensibuko y'obuyinza mu by'obufuzi, ekiwandikira ddala mu mikono gy'omutuuze mu kifo ky'omufuzi oba gavumenti. Wadde yalondebwa mu nkomerero y'ekyasa ekyasooka, ekigendererwa eky'okuteekawo obwenkanya, okuteekawo obwenkanya, okusobozesa abantu okwerwanako, okuteekawo enkulembereza , n'okuwagira entebe y'entebe y'eggwanga, n'okusobozesa eddembe erya bulijjo ery'enkulembezo mu kifo kya Liberty, nga ligenda mu ngeri y'enkola enkalukusa y'ebimu mu mateeka. Obukugunjula mu mateeka ago gannago, obugaziwayungi bukyusiza mu ku ku kukulaakulana kw'ebitongole bya Amerika. Gamakyuunyunzivuufu okunnyonnyola mu ngeri enfu mu ngeri enfubya bulijjo, okusobozesa okukyuka mu mateeka oku
Okuzimba Essaso ly’Omutawaana
Bwe twekenneenya obulungi ensonga mukaaga eza gavumenti, tutegeera engeri buli tteeka gye likozesebwamu mu kulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu.
- [[NKULULA] '[[NKULA]] Ebigambo bino bitegeeza nti Republic mulimu ogwamalirizibwa okukolebwa, era nga gusobola okulongoosezaamu. Bikozesebwa okukalambira ku bumu obwa bulijjo n'okuteekawo amateeka agaawulamu abantu, n'okuleetawo oludda oludda olumu mu nsonga ezikwata ku bantu.
- [[NT:0] K'otaddeko obwenkanya mu mateeka: Oboolyawo ekiruubirirwa ekitera okwetaagibwa ennyo, tekitegeeza nkola ya kkooti yokka naye abantu abateefaananya era abatanyigirizibwa. Omusingi guno gwe guleetera okulwana n'okusosola oba okugootaanya.
- [[NT:0] Obusobozi bw'ebifo mu maka: Wadde nga bulijjo bukozesebwa ab'obuyinza okukomya obutakkaanya, abalwanirira eddembe ly'obuntu bazzeemu okunnyonnyola ensonga eno. Endowooza eri nti emirembe egya nnamaddala gisobola okubeera mu bantu aba bwenkanya, era nti obukulembezza obubenje mu mpisa ne mu mateeka bye bireetawo okugattika obukyayi.
- [[NKUMBO:0] Kino kikwatagana bulungi n'endowooza nti abantu bonna, ka babe ba ggwanga ki, balina omulimu oba busobozi kulwanirira nsi yaabwe. Omuntu bw'akkiriza okuggyamu amagye era n'okussa ekitiibwa mu buweereza bw'abasibe abangi ennyo.
- [[NKULA] K'WANDIKA] K'AWAGIRAKO KITUNDU [ Ly'omu mateeka kwe bikobera enkola ey'okukuuma obubenje n'enkola ez'obuteefu. Gavumenti y'ekola ku buvunaanyizibwa obw'okulabirira obulungi obutuuze baayo, okuva ku by'obulamu okutuuka ku bukkeera.
- [[Act:0] Tegeka emikisa gy'Eddembe:[ Ekirabo kino tekikoma ku kuba busika n'obusika, era ekisuubizo eri abaana ab'omu biseera eby'omu maaso ekiteekwa okukuumibwa n'okugaziyizibwa. Kikozesebwa okuwakanya buli kintu okuva ku kulonda n'okweraga.
Olulimi luno olw'okusuubira lwaleetawo obutategeeragana obw'amaanyi. Abasajja abaakkiriza ebiruubirirwa bino baalemererwa okubituukiriza mu bujjuvu. Okusinziira ku nteekateeka y'obuddu n'okugobererwa kw'abakazi. Kyokka, nga bakyusiza ddala ebiruubirirwa bino eby'amaanyi mu kiwandiiko, baateekawo eky'okukozesa eky'amaanyi eri abo abagezaako okuwakanya ensobi zaabwe. Pregageing yafuuka productive, era n'entegeka z'abantu zeeyongedde okufunira ssente. National Tcherbooks [[FLT:]] Kiteeso kyagamba nti, olulimi olwa buli kitonderwawo, ekintu ekyakisobozesa okubeera eky'enjawulo okumala ebyasa bibiri ebikumi.
Ekiwaatiro ky’Eddwaliro: Okugezesa Obukiiko
Ekibi Ekyasooka n’Ekisuubizo eky’Obwenkanya
Kye baasooka okugezesa ennyo mu bisuubizo bya Pregeary kyava mu kibiina ekiziyiza okumalirizibwa kw'amateeka. Obwewagguzi obwa 1787 bwayingira mu nkola ya Union, nga bukontana butereevu n'ekigamba nti Pregeargery'asaba "Lusice" ne "Leberty". Abo abaawakanya ebisuubizo baakweka obunnanfuusi buno. Abakulembeze nga Frederick Douglas baasalawo okunnyonnyola Amateeka nga bakozesa ekiralabiso kyago, nga bagamba nti ekiwandiiko ekiweerwa eddembe ery'okwetongoza tekiyinza kufuga buddu obw'enkomerero.
Okwolesebwa kwa Douglas okukwata ku ssemateeka
Mu kwogera kwe okw'enjawulo, "Muddu y'ani?" (1852), Douglas yasala amagezi ku kizibu kino. Wadde nga yawaanyisa eggwanga olw'obunnanfuusi bwalyo, teyalekulira Mateeka. Wabula, yagamba nti lirina ebiwandiiko ebiwakanya obuddu. Yagamba nti emitindo gy'empisa egy'envuma n'obwenkanya mu Nsi y'amateeka gyali omwoyo ogwa nnamaddala. Obuddu obwo bwali bukulu nnyo mu ggwanga okusobola okukozesa ekiwandiiko kyalyo eky'okumenya amateeka. Kino kyali kikulu nnyo: tebwamenyawomenyeka obulombolombo bwa Amereka tebwa Amerika, naye okutuukirizibwa kw'ekisuubizo ky'eggwanga ekyasooka. [FLD:] Dolassssss asigala nga mu bigambo ebigo ebitongole ebimanyiddwa mu ggwanga erikozesa ebiwandiiko byalyo.[FFFF1]
Ekitongole Ekiramuzi Ekigaba Obufunizo: Eddembe Erikendeeza n’Obwenkanya
Mu kiseera ekyaddirira walwano lwa Kinnoomu, kyali kikolwa kikulu nnyo mu byafaayo bya tteeka eryali liragira okuggyawo obuddu. Mu Amereka 13 yamalawo obuddu, okuganzibwa kw'obusika okwa 14 kwassaawo obusika nga kw'amateeka era ne kikakasa n'obukuumi obw'ennaku 15 okuwerezebwa obusosoze mu langi okwabanga mu kulonda. Bino bye byabanga bigezo ebyanguwa okuzzaawo okuzzaawo ebiwandiiko eby'amateeka okusobola okutuukana n'ebisuubizo ebya Ssande. Okukyusa okw'ekkumi n'okubiri kwavaako n'okussaawo etteeka erya waggulu erya tteeka erya productionationationationation. Okugo, naddala erya 14 okugattirwako, n'etteeka ery'amaanyi nti tewali ggwanga eririna "w'omuyinza okusokereza amateeka agagobereddwa mu mateeka agago.
Ebbanga ly'Abakazi: Tuddamu okulangirira "Ffe Abantu"
Ekirangiriro ky’Ebigambo n’Ebisaanyizo
Ekiwandiiko kino eky'abakyala eky'omu kyasa ekya 19 ne ku ntandikwa y'ekya 20. Ekibiina ekyo kyatandika okutandikawo endagaano y'amateeka mu mwaka gwa 1848 mu Seneca Falls Convention. Ekiwandiiko kino kyagoberezebwa butereevu ku Kiwandiiko eky'Obwetwaze era ne kyongereza ku lulimi olw'obwenkanya n'eddembe. Kyatandika nga kigamba nti, "Tutwala amazima gano okuba agateesangika: abasajja n'abakazi bonna baatondebwa nga benkanankanankana," okuwakanya obusokebereberye abakazi okuva mu "We Abantu"
Okumala amakumi g'emyaka, abawandiisi baawakanya ekiragiro kya gavumenti eky'okugaana abakazi okulonda. Bagamba nti gavumenti bw'egaana okutongoza obwannannyini obwa kalulu, yamenya etteeka lya gavumenti eritwala etteeka lya 'Sectivements' ne "FULTY] era n'eraga nti gavumenti eyawaaza abakazi awatali kukkirizibwa yalemererwa okukuuma ebiwandiiko bya "Entekookezo ez'entebe" okutwaliramu ekitundu ky'abantu. Ekiwandiiko ekyo kyagobererwa mu lukalala lwa Critique, nga kitegeerezaamu n'abakazi.
Ennyanjula mu Kkooti: Ekitangaala Ekikulu
Wadde nga Pregge tewa malala ge gakoze nga kitangaala ekikulembera okusalawo kwa kkooti enkulu. Mu nsonga ezikwata ku ddembe ly'abantu, kkooti emirundi mingi yeesigamya ku kutandika okumanyisa ekigendererwa ky'amateeka. Mu kkooti ey'enkyukakyuka Brown v. . . . . . . . . .C. . .C. . olukusanya olukalala olwo lwayisa mu by'enjigiriza [[[FLLT:] [1954] [1954] [194], oluwanjula eggwanga mu masomero ga bonna, nga teruyinza kutuukiriza kisuubizo kya kkooti. Kkootiibwa kya waggulu, Kkootissessa essira essira kye kye kyeyolekera ku kabinja ekyava mu n'okumanyisa okw'okukyusa endowooza y'abantu. Singa olukiiko lw'ensonga ezisangi ennyo, oluggusa okunnyonnyola ensonga eyo luba nga lukulembeddwa mu k'ensonga enkulu enkulu. Kko yategekebwa mu kkooti y'ekola mu maaso, ya Bujuli. Kko yamanyisa bulungi
Ekibiina ky’Eddembe ly’Enfuna za Kitundu 20: Okutuukiriza Ekiwandiiko
Ekitongole ekiyitibwa Civil Rights Movement ekya 1950 ne 1960 ze ziraga nti ekigendererwa ky'okutandikawo ssekerera kya Amerika kya maanyi nnyo era nti tekikyasobola kugobererwa. Omukungu Martin Luther King Jr. n'abakulembeze b'ekibiina ekyo baagezaako okuleetera gavumenti okussa mu nkola bye yakisuubiza mu nsi yonna. Ekibiina ekyo kyayitibwa "Lwice" ne "Liberty" ebiwandiikiddwa mu kutandika kwa Amereka.
Ekirooto n’Etteeka Ekkulu
Omuzeeto wa King's "Ndina n'enjogera, eyaweebwa ku mukolo gw'Ekijjukizo Lincoln mu 1963, kiwandiikiro kya mateeka okuwandiika. Yayogera ku kiwandiiko ekitegeeza ebiwandiiko eby'okwefuga era ne ku mateeka nga "bukakafu" buli Mumerika gye yali omusika. Yagamba nti, mu kifo eky'okuwa ekitiibwa obuvunaanyizibwa buno obutukuvu, Amerika awadde abantu ba Negro ebbali ekkebero, ekizuukujjuzizza ssente eziteekeddwako akabonero 'ssente ezitaandiikiddwa'. Kino kyali tekigaanibwa kiwandikiro kya American Revition; kyali kyetaagisa eggwanga okumanyira ddala ekiwandikiro ekyateekebwa ku mu maaso. [FLD:] Ssente za Kabaka za Nobel [FLD:1]
Akakwakkuli k'ebiwandiiko ebifuga eddembe ly'obwannakyewa aka 1964, akaawera okusosolwa okwesigamiziddwa ku langi, langi, eddiini, okwetaba, oba ensibuko y'eggwanga, era n'Akakwakkuliro aka Voting Rights aka 1965, akaagaana obusosoze mu kulonda, kaali mateeka ga nnamba agakwata ku nkola y'eggwanga mu kulonda. National Rights Archives annyonnyola olukalala lwa Kibiina ky'Edde mu mpisa, naye nga kimenyawo ekitongole kya gavumenti ekya Amereka okusobozesa okukkirizisa obuvunaanyizibwa obwa bulijjo mu byafaayo bya Amerika, etteeka eryatandika okukkiririza ddala obutuufu bw'eggwanga n'ebisuubizo byalyo. Kakiiko kaawa
Omusango Ogusala Omusango: Ekitongole Ekikola ku Butebenkevu mu Bitundu
Okulwanirira obwenkanya mu by'enfuna kulina akakwate n'ekiragiro kya Nooveranti eya "Nkola ku Ntebe y'Abakola'Abakola''Abakola emirimu" Ekibiina ky'abalabirizi ekyakolera ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20 kyalwanirira eddembe , essaawa munaana ez'okukolera awamu, era n'okumaliriza omulimu gw'abaana. Abantu bano baasaba Presetrybosting okuwakanya nti gavumenti yalina omulimu ogw'amaanyi ogw'okukuuma abakozi obutayisa bubi. Amateeka ga New Development mu mwaka gwa 1930, nga mw'otwalidde ne Fair Social Security Act, ebyakolebwa Pulezidenti ya Franklin D. Rooselt okusobola okutuukiriza "General Wevelveltion". Oluvannyuma, mu by'obuyigirize bw'abantu abaavu bya mu 1968 mu 1968, baanoonya okumanyisa abantu mu by'enfuna, nga bawakanya obutuufu "Bittulity Act" era nga "buvumuvumu ne "bugagga wa mu nsi eno egenda okusobozesa okumanyisanyanyanya obulungi, obutuufu mu by'obuyigirize obutuufu,
Eddembe ly’Obwannannyini ery’Omu Kiseera Kino: Eky’Obusika Ekyaliwo
Enkola eyatandikibwawo abawaabi b'amateeka okusaanyawo eddembe ly'obuntu, n'ekibiina kya Civil Rights Movement nakalu nti kifuba nnyo okulwanirira enjawulo mu bantu leero. Ennyanjula ewa ebigambo ebitonotono ebisobola okutegeeza abantu ebbeeyi n'ensonga lwaki baagala okuteekebwa mu nkola ey'obwenkanya. Omulimu gw'okukola ekika ky'obumu obusingawo mu mulembe guno oguppya gutegeezebwa.
Olukiiko lw'Eddembe (LGBTQ) n'Obufumbo
Okulwanirira obwenkanankana mu kyasa ekya 21 mu ntandikwa y'ekya 21. Abawagizi baasinziira nnyo ku misingi egyasooka. Baagamba nti okugaana abafumbo ab'ebikula okufumbiriganwa kyasobya ku bisuubizo ebya "Justice" ne "Leberty". Mu nsonga ey'enkikaaga bergefell v. Hodges[[FLD:1] [2015], kkooti enkulu yatongoza ekikongoze ekyusizza ku nsonga eyo mu Mateeka era n'egigatta butereevu ku kwolesebwa kwa Bakorigist. Okusalawo tekwate obufumbo tebwali ndagaano ya mu mateeka, naye nga kkulu ey'okufunira "Escreation of Libertion" eri abantu bonna.
Obunafu bw’Eddembe ly’Omuntu n’Abaamereka ng’Alina Obulema Bikola
Ekiragiro ekifuga eddembe ly'obuntu ekyayamba ekibiina ky'abalema ekyafuna obunene mu nkomerero y'ekyasa ekya 20, era kijuliza ku lulimi Olufulumya. Mu 1990, Amerika olulina ekiragiro eky'olulimi olugonzebwamu (ADA) lyali tteeka lya gavumenti enzirukanya ku ddembe ly'obuntu eryategekebwa okukakasa nti abantu abalina obulema balina eddembe limu n'enkizo ez'enjawulo. Ekiragiro kino kirimu okweyongerayongera obwangu obw'omulimu gwa gavumenti erikubiriza "okuzza eWelfare" ne "Obwenkanya," okuggyawo enjyuso ezisinzibwa ku mubiri n'enkola mu bantu bonna.
Eddembe ly’Omukago n’Ekirooto
Ebibiina bya kaweefube mu kiseera kino ebikubiriza eddembe ly'abagwira nga dRUMEAM Act, byombi byombi byombi "Justice" ne "general Welfare". Bagamba nti okutandikawo ekkubo erituusa ku bantu abatuuze abatali ba bulijjo mu nsi eyo, bwe baba nga bakyali baana kiba kiraga nti batuukiriza emitindo gya mulembe egya bulijjo era nti kino kye kiviiriddeko "Gempulication" mu ggwanga. Ekibuuzo kino eky'okutandikawo kino kiraga nti okutandikawo emitindo gy'ebyobufuzi n'ensonga, era n'ebyamagaanyi okugaziya "We bantu."
Omulimu Ogutannakolebwa ogw’Okugamba nti Ffe Abantu
Empandika y'obulagirizi eri mu Amereka si y'emu ku mikutu gy'ebyafaayo ebituufu ebikola ku mpisa eza kampasi eyo eraga nti waaliwo Uganda omutuukirivu. Akakwate akaliwo wakati w'enkola y'enkola y'enkwaso z'obuntu tekajja butajja mu butanwa; kazimbi. Abatandikawo ensobi zaabwe zonna baateekawo enkola esobozesa abantu okutuuka ku musingi gwennyini ogw'eggwanga. Nga bateekawo ebiruubirirwa ebigulumivu era ebituufu, baasobozesa abaana ab'omu biseera eby'omu maaso okufuna obuyambi obw'okwebuuza ku nsonga eyo.
Buli kibiina ekikwata ku ddembe ly'abantu mu byafaayo bya Amerika, kibuuzizza ekibuuzo kye kimu: Etteeka lino, enkola, oba obulombolombo buno butuleetera okubeera n'ebiwandiiko "Lusaawe," ne "general Welfare" ebisuubizibwa mu Pregeget? Omulimu ogw'okuddamu ekibuuzo ekyo gugenda mu maaso. Okugezesa okuppya bwe kuba era n'okusoomooza okutajjulukuka okwa "Ffe Abantu" bwe kujjawo, okujjuulibwa kw'ensonga kujja okusigala nga ku kyawandiikibwa ekikulu mu Amerika eky'okulwanirira eggwanga erituukana n'ebiruubirirwa byalyo ebya waggulu.