Ekirangiriro ky’Obwetwaze Kye Ki?

Ekiwandiiko ekiyitibwa Declaration of Independence kye kyakomyawo enkolagana wakati wa matwale ga Amerika 13 ne Bungereza. Ekiwandiiko ekyo kyakkirizibwa ekibiina ky'eggwanga ery'okubiri eggwanga ejjeemu nga Jjulaayi 4, 1776, kyalangirira okuzaalibwa kw'eggwanga eriggya eryalina emitindo egyalyo ku linne walyo. Wadde nga lyali lirina okutwalibwa ng'ebigambo ebyatumbulwa okuva ku Amerika, Ekirangiriro ekyo era kyatuukiriza ekigendererwa eky'omuganyulo: okunnyonnyola ensi yonna nga [1] ne ku abo abayinza okukolagana nabo nga Bufalansa.[=10] Amasaza ago gaawebwawo nga gasaasaasaasa okulwanirira obufuzi obwannanyi.

Nga kiwagiddwa Thomas Jefferson, nga kino kiva ku kakiiko akaalimu John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, ne Robert Livingston, ekiwandiiko ekyo kyava ku kukaayana nnyo. Jefferson yakozesa ennyinyonnyola ez'amaanyi ku Kutegeera okw'Okutegeera, gamba nga John Locke, eyalina ennyinnyonnyola ku ddembe ly'entonderwa n'endagaano y'obuwangwa, era n'empalo ezimanyiddwa ennyo ezikwata ku nsonga ezikwata ku kkomo lyakyo eriri mu lukalala lw'ebiragiro ebimanyiddwa ennyo, so si mu lukalala lw'abo abaalumizibwa ku Kabaka George III, olwatandikawo enkyukakyuka ez'enjawulo.

Leero, kopi y'amaliba agasooka gateekebwa mu katerekero akayitibwa National Archives mu Washington, D.C., nga gakuumibwa n'ebirala ebiziyiza amasasi obutakwata ku mbeera y'obutonde.

Ebyafaayo: Lwaki Abantu Basaanidde Okwemalirira?

Okusobola okutegeera ekirango kino, omuntu alina okusooka okutegeera obukuubagano obwali bubaddewo okumala emyaka egisukka mu kkumi. Oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo Omufalansa ne Buyindi (1754-1763), Bungereza yali yeesudde amabanja mangi era yatandika okuteeka emisolo emirala ku bitundu by'eggwanga ebyo nga teyaziikiikiikirizza mu Paaliyamenti. Empagi eyinza okupima wakati w'Akakiiko k'amasaza (1765), Townshend Act (17773), ne Tea Act (1773) byeyongera okuziyiza. Bakoloni baazza ebiwandikiro ebyo nga bali emabega w'olukalala olwo."

Ebyaliwo ebikulu byeyongerayongera mu lutalo olwo:

  • Empandika ey'ekika kya Boston Masscre (1770):[ Abajaasi baagoba omuliro mu kibinja, ne batta abatuuze bataano abawagguufu abaakozesa ppokopokopoko.
  • Party ya Boston Tea (1773): mu kwekalakaasa kwa Tea Act, abasobe baasuula 342 ku Kabonero k' tii mu Boston. Bungereza yayanukula n'ekitabo ekiyitibwa Coercive Acts (Ebikolwa eby'Ebyasooka mu Amereka) ekyaggalawo ennyanja, ne kinyambula Massachusetts of laye kennyini, era ne amagye ne gagisuula mu maka g'abantu.
  • Entalo eza Lexington ne Concorda (Apuli 1775): Olutalo lwatandika amagye ga Bungereza bwe gaagezaako okunyamba emmundu za magye. “olutalo lwawulira okwetooloola ensi yonna” lwe lwatandika.
  • [[Aka '[N':0] Common Senso (ya 1776):[ Akatulakiti ka Thomas Paine kaasaba kyereereza mu bujjuvu, ne kakyusa endowooza ya bantu okuva ku ttabaganya n'okulekawo.

Nga Jjuuni 1776, Richard Henry Lee ow'e Virginia yatandikawo ekiteeso eky'okuyita abantu okwetongola ekiwandiiko ekyalondebwa okuwandiika ekiwandiiko, era Jefferson n'alondebwa nga Jjuuni 28. Oluvannyuma lw'okukubaganya ebirowoozo n'okuzza ebirowoozo ku bintu ebyasooka, nga n'okuwandiika ekitundu ekivumirira obuddu kyatandika okukoppololwa omwaka gwa Jjuuni nga 4 mu Lufulubeera lwa Jjuuni 28.

Endowooza Enkulu mu Kulangirira

Ekiwandiiko ekiyitibwa Declaration of Independence kyesigamiziddwa ku misingi eminywevu egy’obufirosoofo egimaze ebyasa ebisukka mu bibiri nga gikyusa endowooza y’Abamerika mu by’obufuzi.

Eddembe ly’Obutonde n’Obwenkanankana

Ebyawandiikibwa ebimanyiddwa ennyo bigamba: “Tutwala amazima gano okuba ageeyoleka, nti abantu bonna baatondebwa nga benkanankana, Omutonzi waabwe ng’abawa eddembe eritayinza kusattulukuka, nti mu bino mwe muli Obulamu, eddembe n’okunoonya essanyu.” Ebigambo bino biraga nti eddembe teriva mu gavumenti oba mu mateeka g’abantu, naye lyava mu butonde oba Katonda.

Ekigendererwa kya Gavumenti

Ekirango kino kigamba nti gavumenti y'eyo yokka esobola okukuuma eddembe lino. Obwetongoze bwayo buva ku “kukkiriza okufugibwa”[1] Endowooza ey'amaanyi mu kiseera eky'obufuzi obwa bakabaka. Gavumenti bw'eba ezikiriza enkomerero eyo, abantu baba n'obuyinza obwa nnawookeera, omulimu //okugikyusa oba okugiggyawo n'okuteekawo empya.

Eddembe ly’Okwegugunga

Wadde Ekirangiriro ekyo tekiwagira bujeemu mu ngeri ey’obuteefiirayo, kitandikawo enkyukakyuka mu mpisa: singa abantu bayisa obubi bannaabwe era ne beewamba okuva ku bantu abalala, ekyo ne kiviirako abantu okwewalira ddala okufugibwa bannakyemalira.

Okwefuga n’Obufuzi Obusinga Obuwaanyi

Ekirango era kiwa obukakafu nti abantu be batwala obuyinza mu by’obufuzi okuba obwa waggulu, so si nga buba bwa kabaka. kino kyali kizibu kya maanyi eri obwannannyini obwa bakabaka Katonda bw’alina.

Ebifuga ekiwandike

Ekirangiriro kino kirimu ebitundu bitaano eby’enjawulo, nga buli kimu kikolebwa nga kyetaagisa okubaako kye kinoonyerezaako oba nga kikolebwa mu mateeka.

Ennyanjula

Ennyanjula etandika olukalala lw'ebirooti nga zinnyonnyola obwetaavu bw'okuseenya amatwale gaalyo okugayunga ku Bungereza.

2. Ekirangiriro ky’Eddembe

Ekitundu kino kirimu omusingi gw'obufirosoofo: amazima ageeyoleka obulungi, eddembe eritali lya nvuma, n'endowooza ekwata ku nkolagana wakati w'abantu, era ne kkomo.

3. Olukalala lw’Ebigambo

Ekitundu ekisinga obuwanvu mu bitundu ebyo (ebisukka mu 27 eby'okwemulugunya) kiwandiika olukalala lwa “obusagwa n'obuteekakasa” ebyakolebwa Kabaka George III.

  • Okusasula emisolo awatali kusemba
  • Abakungu abavunaanibwanga abalamuzi
  • Nga bali mu kiseera eky’emirembe
  • Okuggulawo amakuŋŋaaniro g’abafuzi
  • Ng’ajuliza “obukambwe bw’Abayindi Abatalina Kugumiikiriza” ku nsalo
  • Baali baagala okubalwanyisa n’okufuna emirimu

Ensonga ezo zaakolebwa okulaga nti kabaka yali amenye endagaano y’abantu, mu ngeri eyo n’asumulula abawanguzi okuva ku buvunaanyizibwa bwabwe obw’okunywerera ku kituufu.

4. Ekirangiriro ky’Obwetwaze

Oluvannyuma lw'okuwa obujulizi, ekiwandiiko ekyo kigamba nti “ba Colonies bano abali mu United bali ba ddembe okuba ab’eddembe n'ab'Eddwaliro.” Kirangirira nti enkolagana yonna ey'eby’obufuzi n'obuwagizi bwa Bungereza egenda eggwaawo era nti amawanga amappya galina obuyinza obw'enkuka n'entalo, okukola emirembe, okukola endagaano, n'okukola ebintu ebirala byonna gavumenti bye ziyinza okukola.

5. Omukono

Ng’ateeka omukono ku kiwandiiko ekyo, John Hancock yasiiga ab'oluganda 56 omukono ogwali gukyasinze okumanyibwa ennyo.

Ekirango Ekyakwata ku Mangu

Ekiwandiiko ekyo kyassibwa mu bifo ebya lukale, ekyakubibwa mu mpapula z'amawulire, era ne kiweerezebwa mu Bulaaya. Kyayamba Bufalansa okumanyisa nti olutalo lwalina ekigendererwa eky'oku Amereka eky'okuwangula mu Yorktown mu 1781.

Mu maka g'ekibiina, ekiragiro kyagatta amatwale ga Bufalansa nga kyesigamye ku nsonga eza bulijjo. akakolooni kalina okukkirizibwa okweteeka mu nkola ssemateeka waako, era gavumenti empya zaatandika okugezaako okugeezaako amateeka ga gavumenti. Ekirangiriro ekyo era kyaleetawo enkyukakyuka endala okuva ku Nkyukakyuka mu Bufalansa (18789) okutuuka ku ntalo z'obwetwaze mu Amerika mu kyasa 19.

Okumanya ebisingawo ku ngeri ekirangiriro gye kyafunibwamu mu nsi endala, laba National Throught’okensaamu amakulu g'ekiwandiiko.

Ekisuubizo Ekitaatuukirizibwa: Abantu Benkana Wa n’Enkomerero Zaako

Ekiwandiiko ekyo bwe kyagamba nti “abantu bonna baatondebwa nga benkana” kyali kikaluubiriza nnyo, naye abawandiisi baakyo tebaakwatanga ku musingi guno mu nsi yonna. Obuddu bwakkirizibwanga mu matwale ekkumi n'agatu, era n'abalambuzi bangi nga(oba Thomas Jefferson) abaddu. Mu kusooka, embaga eyo mwe mwali n'emenyawo olukalala oluvumirira okutunda abaddu, naye nga baagiggyayo olw'okwegayirira abaminsa okuva mu South Carolina ne Georgia. Ekiwandiiko ekyo kyalimu okukontana okwaliwo okumala ebyasa ebyasasa ebyasatu.

Abakazi, n'abantu abaava mu Amerika, era nga tebalina bintu, nabo tebaateekebwa mu ntegeka yonna eyalangirirwa ekirango. Naye, olulimi olw'okwenkanankana lwalabika nga terusobola kubaamu. Abakugusaawe abalinga Frederick Douglas baakozesa Ekirangiriro okuwakanya okutta abaddu.

Leero abeekenneenya bakyeyongera okukaayana obanga Ekirangiriro kino kyali kya kigendererwa kya ntegeka ya butonde bwonna oba kwewaana buwanyisifu mu kuwa Abakansi. Wabula, ebigambo byaakyo byaleetera abantu okusoomoozebwa kwa maanyi mu nsi yonna. Ekiralabiro ekya Congress kye kiwa endowooza ennungi ennyo ku buyinza bw'ekirabo kino [[[KITEETABO:0].

Obusika Obugumiikiriza mu Amerika ey’Edda

Okugoberera Empisa z’Eby’Omu Mateeka n’Eby’obufuzi

Ekiwandiiko ekirangiridde okwewaggula ku ddembe eryawulibwawo ("Ecratic of Independence") tekikkirizibwa mu mateeka, wabula emitindo gyayo gyakolebwa mu buyinza bwa Amerika. Endowooza ey'envuma okufugibwa ekkirizibwa mu Lufulube lwa Ddemokrati. Ekitongole kya Amereka ekikulu oluusi kijuliza Ekirangiriro mu ndowooza zaabwe, naddala ku nsonga ezikwata ku ddembe n'enkyukakyuka.

Akabonero ak'ekika kya Nnansi

Buli mwezi gwa Jjulaayi ogw'okuna, Abamerika bakuza ekirango nga bakuba amasasi, ebigambo, n'ebyawandiikibwa. Ekiwandiiko ekyo kirabika ku ssente, mu masomero, ne mu nnyimba z'eby'obufuzi. Buli mwezi gwa Jjulaayi, abantu baagala okuwakanya obutali bwenkanya. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. bwe yayimirira ku madaala g'Ekijjukizo kya Lincoln mu 1963, yajuliza ekiragiro nti: “Nnalooto nti lumu eggwanga lino lijja kuyimirira era libeere mu bulamu obwa nnamaddala ng'enjigiriza yalyo egamba nti: ‘ Amazima gano genkanankanankanankanankana n'abantu bonna.

Ebivudde mu Nsi Yonna

Ekiwandiiko ekyo kyakubiriza ebiwandiiko byabwetwaze okwetooloola ensi yonna, okuva ku French Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen (1789) okutuuka ku kiwandiiko ky'e Vietnamese ekirangiriro eky'okwemalirira mu mwaka gwa 1845 n'ekirala. Ekirangiriro ekyo kyafuuka ddakko eri amawanga agagezaako okwekutula ku bufuzi bwa bannaakyemalira.

Okusobola okutunula mu ngeri ensengeke mu kirala ekyo, ekitongole kya gavumenti ekirimu [[NKULU]U.U., olupapula olw'ebyafaayo[ kirina endowooza y'enkyukakyuka mu by'enkola ya bulijjo.

Ebirowoozo Ebikyamu Ebikwata ku Kiwandiiko

Ekintu ekimu ekisooka kiri nti, akawumbi ka Jjulaayi 4, 1776. Mu butuufu, akalulu kalaga obwetwaze kaabaawo nga Jjulaayi 2 (John Adams yalowooza nti ke kandibadde olunaku olw'okujjukirwako), era okuteeka omukono ku mulembe ogwa bulijjo ne gutandika nga Agusito 2. Jjulaayi 4 lwe lwaba nga gulina okulagira ddala nti ekyawandiikibwa ekisembayo kyakkirizibwa akakiiko akafuzi.

Ekirala ekikontana kiri nti Ekirangiriro kyatandikawo gavumenti, naye tekyalangirira kwawukana.

Era abamu bakkiriza nti etteeka eryo lyagaana abaddu nga bwe kiragiddwa waggulu.

Okusobola okwekenneenya ebyafaayo by'ekiwandiiko kino nga(*'okugattako n'okukolebwa kwaakyo, okukuumibwa kwakyo, n'enkyukakyuka ezaakolebwa nga wabaawo okuwakana( eby'obugagga by'eggwanga ku Kiwandiiko ekikakasa nti omulimu gukolebwa [.

Engeri y’Okusomamu Ekirangiriro Kino Leero

Okusoma ebiri mu kyawandiikibwa ekyasooka kiyinza okuba ekizibu olw'empandika n'empandika y'ennyiriri ez'ekikasaayi mu myaka 18. Naye obubaka busigala nga butegeerekeka bulungi. Enkola esingayo okuba ennungi kwe kubusoma mu bulambalamba, era n'obw'ekifo kino: ennyanjula y'obufirosoofo, n'ekirango eky'okulangira, n'ekirango eky'ennyinnyonnyola. Bino biteekwa okufiibwako mu ngeri ey'enneewulira nga “enkola ya bannaakyefu,” ne“ abakungu bannaawereebwe.” Baalondebwa okukkiririza abafuzi b'amawanga agatali gamu n'abantu ab'ensi yonna.

Ate era, lowooza ku bigambo bino: “Abantu bonna ” bye baawandiika baategeeraganya batya ebigambo byabwe n’okuba nti bangi ku bo baalina abaddu?

Okugeraageranya ekiwandike ekya Jefferson ekyasooka n'ekyakomyawo, '[NKUMBO] Founders Online[[FLT] Etterekero lya National TTEREKERO] lirina okutegekebwa kinne wakyo.

fundikira

Ekiwandiiko ekikwata ku kwemalirira si k'amaliba aga waggulu, wabula k'enjigiriza ennywevu ezikwata ku ngeri Amerika gy'etegeeramu era n'ekubiriza ebibiina by'abantu mu nsi yonna okuba n'eddembe. Okutegeera ebirimu, ennyiriri eziriraanyewo, era n'okukontana, kituwa akakisa okubyenyigiramu mu bwesimbu nga tutegeera nti bye tulaba mu byafaayo byayo biriko ekkomo. K'obe nga osoma Bayibuli ogisanga ku mulundi ogwasooka oba ng'omuntu agifumiitiriza ku makulu gaabyo mu kyasa ekya 21, ekiragiro eno esigala ng'eno bw'ekozesa ekiragiro eky'okunywerera ku mitindo egy'enkola, eddembe, oba gavumenti okukkiririza ku nsonga.