Okulonda Okutali Kukolebwa kwa Prezidenti n'Okulonda okw'Ebigambo

Okulonda Pulezidenti era n'Omukulembeze wa Buyindi kw'afugibwa Articles 52 oba 73 ku lukalala lwa Buyindi, olugattiddwako amateeka, 1974[FLT-Pricity Activessions'Activess Actives [[[FLTLT:3] ne [FOLT] ne 'Promainformations' [Fomagence'], obukya bulijjo n'obwa Bukakafu nti obu obu obutuuti bwa Bufunze busobola okussaawo akakwakkuliro mu ngeri elagira nti obuttuuti obwegattiddwawo, obugoberera enkola ya Chabioman mu Buyindiya, ne Bume bw'obukulembeze obulagira obuka bwa Bume bw'obusobo obutuufu bw'obudde.

Obutafaananako okulonda ab'omu lukiiko lw'eggwanga n'olw'empagi z'eggwanga, Prezidenti era Pulezidenti w'obukulembeze alondebwa butereevu nga bayitira mu matendekero agakola olulu. eno enkola temanyiddwa yalondebwa abafuzi ab'omu Mateeka okukuuma obuwagizi bwa ofiisi zino obutabaako ludda lwe bawagira mu by'obufuzi ate ng'abaziyiza okubeeyingiza mu by'obufuzi.

Okulonda Prezidenti wa Buyindi

Pulezidenti wa Buyindi alondebwa kakiiko aka akakola ng'ekkaanya mu kulonda ab'oluganda abali ku mayumba ga paalimenti (Lok Sabba ne Raje Sabba) era n'alondebwa ab'oluganda abali ku Kakiiko k'Akakiiko k'Eggwanga n'Eby'Eggwanga awamu n'Eby'Okusalawo Obukulembeze awamu n'Ebigambo ebirala. Ekiragiro kya ssemateeka tekikola ku abo bokka abali mu ttendekero ery'okulonda abalonde.

Okuteekebwawo kw’Ekkolero

  • [[Act:0] Abo abali mu Lok Sabha[[:1] (kati kati 543 – 'obungi' kwe bali nga abali mu kkomero eririna obunene)
  • [[AKY'AMU:0] Abaagikolamu Raje Sabba[[:1] (kati 233 – n'ebitundu ebyagimu 250; 12 baagisanyisa)
  • [[AGUMENTI:0] Buli lukuŋŋaana olw'eggwanga olutegekebwa (empandika eziba zigattiddwa mu bitundu 28 ne ebitundu 3 ebitegekebwamu enkuŋŋaana eza bannaakyewa – Delhi, Puducherry ne Jamu & Kashmir)

[[AGUMENTI:0] LW'OKUSIGIRAKO:[[FULT:1] Era teriiyo ab'oluganda abali mu Nkuŋŋaana za Paalimenti oba ez'Akakiiko k'Eggwanga oba ez'Eggwanga tezikola mu kulonda. Okugatta ku ebyo, amasomero agafuga entegeka ez'ekika kya 'Union' mu'e orgunity' tegakola mu kulonda n'okugatta ku matendekero gaa desitomma, ne J&K') ebitongole eby'omu ssaza nga tebigattidwa na gago gago gano.

Emirimu egisinzira ku sistemu eno: Ekiragiro kino kikwata ku bubonero obubukozesa obw'ekika kya bulookisi bwokka

Ku kawooteezo kwa Pulezidenti, kugoberera enkola ey'okulaga obulagizi obwa pulogulamu mu ngeri emu yokka. Buli muvvuuzi wa pulogulamu akalaga olukalala lw'abateesiteesi kwe baagadde (ekigaaganzi eky'okubiri, eky'okusatu, eky'enkola eya kusaagako n'eky'enkola). Ekiragiro bwe kisanga obubonero obutegeerebwa mu ngeri emu , obulagira nti ekiwandikiro oba omutwe oba omutwe gwa kompyuta bigoberera enkola y'okulonda, kibala nti omuteesi yekka akikwasiddwa abagenda okukifuna obujulizi.

[[AK'AWULA:0] Engeri ekirondebwa gye kibalirirwamu nga kiriko STV:[[AK'AWULA:1]

  1. Omuganyulo gw'abo abakuba obululu guzuuliddwa gunoonyezebwa (laba obuzito wansi).
  2. Omuwendo oguwereddwa gutegekebwa: [ [mu kulonda pulezidenti, kitegeeza nti obululu obwa nnannyini busobola okusobozesa okulondamu omuyawuka oguva ku kudda ku mukolo gw'okulonda. N'olwekyo omuwendo gwa buli omu gusobola = okulonda okutuufu oba okulonda obweru oba 2. + 1).
  3. Singa omubatize akakasa omuwendo gw’ebintu by’ayagala okusooka, aba alondebwa.
  4. Singa omuteesiteesi tatuuka ku mukolo, oyo asalawo okulonda asooka obulambe obutono ennyo buggyibwawo, era obululu obw'okubiri bugabibwa abo ababa basigaddewo. Kino kyeyongera mu maaso okutuusa omu ku mubeezi omu bw'atuuse ku omuwendo gwa omuwendo gwa diguli.

Emitego gy’Emitego Emikulu

Emu ku ngeri ez'enjawulo ez'okulonda okwa Prezidenti ye enkola ey'omuwendo ey'omuwendo. Obululu bw'Ebitundu eby'Olukiiko n'Ebitundu bya Lukiiko Olukulu tebyenkanankana. omuwendo gw'okulonda gumalibwa abantu mu ggwanga (ogukozesebwa mu 1971 Census okutuusa ku 2026) n'omuwendo gw'abo abalondeddwa mu lukuŋŋaana olwo.

  • Era Tsaster's = (Ennombe / Ennamba ey'abantu abalondeddwa MML AS mu ssemasaza gano) × (1/1000). Ng'ekyokulabirako,MLA okuva mu Uttar Pradesh, ekitundu ekisinga okutegese, kirina omuwendo gwa b'okulonda ogusingako obunene (akaba nga 208) okusukka ku AKATABONVUUZI KAFUKIRI (akasinga ku ssaaka 'Skim').
  • [[NKUMBO]] Ekiragiro MP kifuna akalulu = (Omuwendo gwa MPMLA zonna ezikolebwa mu luvvulo) / (Omuwendo ogusangidwa ogw'abamu aba MPs). Kino kikakasa obuzito obwa MPS okugattidwa awamu bwenkana obuzito n'obw'ekirala obwa MMLS.

Omuwendo gwonna ogw'abalonda mu koodi guyingidde kumpi mu [[[OKAFU:0]]1,100,000 (approx) oluvannyuma lw'okwetoosa obunene bw'ebipimo. Ennamba zenkanankana zikyuka oluvannyuma lw'okwekenneenya ennamba z'abantu era n'okugatta kwonna ezizibaamu.

Ekyuma Ekiyitibwa Baloti n’Ekizimbe

Okulonda kukolebwa mu kyama. Ekitongole ekisala akalulu ekya Buyindi kye kyokka ekirina obuyinza ku ngeri y'okulondamu, nga mw'otwalidde okulonda abakungu abaddayo era n'okukubala obululu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda, omukulembeze w'eggwanga alayira mu buwatuko bw'omu Buyindi (oba nga tebaliwo, Omulamuzi asinga obukulu mu kkooti esinga obukulu) okukuuma, n'okukuuma Amateeka n'okugalwanirira.

Okutongoza Omukulembeze Omukulu w’Eggwanga lya Buyindi

Obukulembeze obukola Pulezidenti y'omukulembeze alondebwa ab'ebitundu byombi ebya Amatabi g'Olukiiko lw'alukalala okutuula awamu nga kooleji emu ey'omu n'obukulembeze. Obutafaananako Pulezidenti, Pulezidenti ow'obukulembeze teyetaazeeko kwenyigira mu Mabungwe g'Eggwanga. Bwe kityo, ekkolero ly'alondebwa ku yunivasite y'e Lok Sabba ne balonde abaginoko.

Abali mu kibiina ekitongozedwa tebakkirizibwa kulonda mu kulonda obukulembeze. Mu ngeri y'emu, abo abali ku kakiiko akayitibwa Lok Sabba tebali mu ttendekero ery'okulonda abali mu namba ezitongoza obutoffaali obuli wansi wa [ kubanga Lok Sabba tewakkiriza bantu kulonda ba lukalala lw'ebya tteeka (ebitundu byonna ebigattiddwa).

Okuteekebwawo kwa Electoral College (Mowoozi w’Ensi)

  • [[AK'AWULA:0] Be baakyusanga ekitundu ekya Lok Sabba[[:1] (543)
  • [[AGUMENTI:0] Aba Rajiya Sabba[[:1] [233 ku buli 245; 12 ku buli bayingizidwamu tebakkirizibwamu)

Abalonde bonna abali mu ttendekero erikola nga Pulezidenti ow'okulonda akalulu: nga bayiti nga [[NKULULA] 776 ebitundu (nga mu 2025).

Sisitemu Ekwata ku Mukulembeze Omuyambi

Kuno, okulonda okwa Pulezidenti mu bukulembeze era kukolebwa nga kugoberera enkola ey'okuteekawo obuwayiro obutegeeza abalambuzi abangi ababumanyi. Kyokka, waliwo enjawulo ku nkalala ya Prezidenti: eno terimu bunene bwa sisitemu. Buli omu ku yuniva y'ekkolero erina akalulu akamu ak'omuwendo ogufaanagana[[[[FLT:]]][FLT]]][-'awuwonnako aw'okulondamu n'akawulu. Kubalira okusa ku nkola eya SSEEKKUSANKUSA oba okugibwa nga yo egobererwa Pulezidenti.

[[NKULA] Lwaki teyeetaaga kutwala buzito? Ekitegeeza nti omukulembeze w'ekika kya Prezida afuga empandika Rajiya Sabba – nnyumba ya Paalimenti buli bantu gye bakkirizibwa okulonda mu bizineesi y'obukulembeze. N'olwekyo, buli MPUZIKIRAGU bw'esaanidde okuba n'ekiragiro kyekimu mu kulonda omukulembeze. Okwawukawo, omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Union ekikiikirira enteekateeka y'ekitongole kya gavumenti, ekisuubira obuzito mu bantu okukolagana wakati w'eby'eggwanga n'e Palamenti ya Kkanisa.

Ebisaanyizo, Omutima, n’Okufiirwa

Ebisaanyizo bya Prezidenti

  • Ateekwa okuba ng’ali mutuuze mu Buyindi.
  • Bateekwa okuba nga baamala dda okuweza emyaka 35 egy’obukulu.
  • Balina okuweebwa ebisaanyizo eby’okulonda Lok Sabba.
  • Tekiteekwa kubeera na kifo kyonna eky’amagoba wansi wa Gavumenti ya Buyindi, Gavumenti ya gavumenti yonna, oba wansi w’obuyinza bwonna obw’omu kitundu oba obw’engeri endala yonna wansi w’obuyinza bwonna obwali bugambibwa (okuggyako ofiisi za Prezidenti, omukulembeze w’ekitongole, Gavana w’Eggwanga oba Omukungu w’Eggwanga).
  • Oyo alondebwa [[AK'AKULUUMENTI][[[:0]] Akawayiro aka '-[FOLT'] kateekwa okusazibwako nga ebirondedwa ne [ bitwala nga ebirondebwa[[[[KY'OKUKULURA]]] nga ebigoberera enkola eya sekippendix [[[:3]] (nga mu buli lukalala lw'amateeka agafuga ekitongole ekifuga okulonda ekikolebwako).

Ebisaanyizo by’Omukulembeze w’Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti

  • Ateekwa okuba ng’ali mutuuze mu Buyindi.
  • Bateekwa okuba nga baamala dda okuweza emyaka 35 egy’obukulu.
  • Alina okuba omu ku bafuzi b’omu Raje Sabba abaalina ebisaanyizo eby’okulonda.
  • Tekiteekwa kubeera na kifo kyonna eky’amagoba (ekifo kye kimu nga Prezidenti, ate ng’ekyo tekirina kubeeramu).
  • Oyo agenderwako ateekwa okusabibwako akawayiro[[[KATANDIKWA:0]20 nga ebirondedwa nga `[[KALUMENTI:1] ate [[AKATABO]]20 ko n'ebirondedwa nga ebirondedwa [[[AK'AWULA] [[AK'AWULA] [[AK'AWULA]

Entegeka ya Ofiisi

Bombi Pulezidenti ne Vice pulezidenti bateeka ekifo mu emyaka etaano okuva ku lunaku lwe bayingira mu ofiisi zaabwe. Naye, bayinza okulekulira nga bawandiikira bannaabwe (Mukulembeze alekerawo omukulembeze, era n'Omukulembeze w'omukulembeze w'omu Pulezidenti). Okulonda okujjuza ekiwerezo ekyava mu kuwummula ekiba kiteekwa okumalirizibwa ng'ekiseera eky'okuwerezako tekinnaggwaako. Singa empaka ziggwa, oba okufa, okulonda okujjuzawo omukulembeze omukulembeze mu maaso ga Pulezidenti.

Okuggywawo okuva ku Ofiisi

Pulezidenti ayinza okuggibwa mu buyinza olw'okumenya amateeka. Okusawo kw'empandika eyo kukolebwawo nnyumba emu ku lukiiko lw'eggwanga era nga kwetaagisa emirundi esatu ebiri ku buli emu ku abo abali ku Nnyumba eyo, nga biddiriŋŋanwa n'abo abali mu Nnyumba endala. Tewali mukulembeze w'eggwanga yenna yali ayigiriziddwa mu Buyindi.

Omukulembeze w’omukulembeze w’ekitongole ekyo ayinza okuggibwa ku bukulembeze bw’ekiteeso kya Raje Sabba ekyayisibwa abasinga obungi ku abo abaali mu kibiina kya Rajiya Sabba era ne bakkiriziganya ne Lok Sabba. Kino kyangu okusinga obuteesiga mateeka era tekimwetaagisa kuvunaanibwa mu ngeri ndala.

Ebiri mu Byafaayo n’Amakulu

Mu nkola y'okulonda Pulezidenti era n'Omukulembeze w'obukulembeze mu ngeri etamanyiddwako, baakoppa enkola y'emu eyakozesebwa mu Amerika naye baagoberera enteekateeka y'Olukiiko lw'Abamasimu mu Buyindi. Omukungu Ambedkar, mu lukuŋŋaana lwa Constituent, yakiggumiza nti Omukulembeze alina okubeera omukungu ku lukiiko olukulu era nga lulina obuyinza obukugira ennyo, era n'enteekateeka y'okulonda eyoleka obuwagizi bw'omu mateeka. Omukulembeze akola ku lukiiko lw'aweesi lw'aweesi okuggyako mu bifo ebitonotono ebitegeevu, (um.Ak., alonda Minisitaaza omukulu w'ekibiina singa wabaawo abangi, oba addayo).

[[AK'AMUTANDIKA:0] Ebitundu ebikulu mu kulonda omu pulezidenti mwe muli:[[Akawulu:1]

  • 1952: Okulonda okwasooka okwa Prezidenti – Rajendra Prasad kwasalibwawo nga tekuziyizibwa.
  • 1969: Mu mpaka ez’amaanyi, okusooka Giri yawangula Sanjiva Reddy olw’okulonda – V.V.
  • 2007: Abavvuunuli abasinga obungi baabalirira (abaali bawagidde Pratibha Patil ne Bairon Singh Shekhawat).
  • 202: Droupadi Murmu ye mukazi eyasooka era ye mukazi ow’okubiri eyafuuka Pulezidenti wa Buyindi.

Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1952), Sadhakrishnan eyali omukulembeze w'eggwanga lya Pulezidenti, yalondebwa nga tayitiddwako ddala – gamba nga, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1957), n'abalala bangi. Kyokka, mu 2017, M.Venkaijah Naidiah Naidu yalwana okuvuganya okuva ku Gopalkrna Gandhi, ekyaviirako kaweefube ow'amaanyi.

Omulimu gw’Okulonda Buyindi

[[NKULA] Ekiragiro ekifuga okulonda mu Buyindi (ECI) ye mateeka agafuga Pulezidenti ne Bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti. ECI erawa akawende ak'okuyita okulonda, kalaga olukalala (nga mu lukalala lw'okulonda n'okubala), alonda abagenda okuddayo mu buli ggwanga ne mu Palamenti, era n'afulumya ebiva mu ebyo ebiva mu nkola. ECI era alina amaanyi okugonjoola enkaayanaaza ezikwata ku ku kulonda, okuggyako nga kookolo k'okulonda kukulu. ECI eteekateeka enkola etegekebwawumba obusengekesaamu obwa Cengera obwa sente ezifulumizibwa mu kkooti enkulu.

Enjawulo eri wakati w'okulonda omukulembeze n'okulonda okw'ebifo

AspectPresidentVice President
Electoral collegeElected MPs + Elected MLAs of all statesOnly elected MPs (Lok Sabha + Rajya Sabha)
Weighted votesYes – MLA votes weighted by population; MP votes equalized to total MLA weightNo – each MP has one equal vote
Voting systemProportional representation (STV) + secret ballotSame STV + secret ballot
Quota required to win>50% of total valid votes (STV quota)>50% of total valid votes (STV quota)
Number of electors (approx 2025)~776 MPs + ~4,120 MLAs = ~4,896 electors (before weighting)~776 MPs
Total weighted value (approximate)~1,100,000~776 (equal votes – no weight)

[[Akawayiro:0]] Ennamba ezo waggulu ziyinza okukyuka mpolampola olw'okuba zivuddewo, olw'okuba obungi bw'abantu bazzewo, oba olw'okusoomoozebwa kwa gavumenti.

Okuvumirira n’Empaka

Wadde nga batuuse ku nsonga eyo, abakungu ba Palante bawakanya okulonda kwa Pulezidenti okwakolebwa mu bitundu ebimu olw’okuba nti obukulembeze bwalwo bwali bwa kufuga gavumenti era nti obutongole obwo bwali buteekeddwa ku mukolo gwa bannabyabufuzi.

Enkaayana endala ekwatagana n'enkola y'obululu eya 1971. Wadde nga mu mateeka mu kusooka gaakwataganya obululu n'omuwendo gw'abantu abaliwo mu nsi, okugawunzika okw'enjawulo wakati w'obuwanvu bwa digiti ekibajjuzibwa obuva ku 42 ne kikendeeza obunene bw'omuwendo gw'abantu abangi. Abakugusemba obunene bakkirizisa omuwendo gwa bayiti eya 1971 okutuusa ku mwaka ogwa 2026.

Ofiisi zombi zisobola okusindika obubaka obugenda buddiriŋŋana

  1. [[NKUMBO]] Akakwakkulizo:[[NKUMBO:1] Akakiiko akasalawo kateeka akakwakkulizo wansi w'ekitundu 4 ekya Prezidenti era ne Pakissawo-Presidentials Act Act, nga kiraga olukalala lwa mu nkola y'okulonda.
  2. [[Act:0]] Kino kitegeeza nti empapula ezikoma okusiigedwa ziteekwa kugattidwa n'omukungu akomawo (ku bw'obanga pulezidenti, Ssayaaka-Jjunja owa Lok Sabba; Mukulembeze w'obukulembeze, Ssayamakyusa w'ekiwandikiro, Ssabbiiti wa Rajiya Sabba). empapula ezigattidwa ziteekwa kugattidwa n'ennamba z'obukuumi (Rs 15.000) ne zissibwako akabonero ku ennamba ekyetaagisa okuteekateeka ebiba bya bannannyini byo.
  3. [[Akawayiro:0]Scritiny:[ Ofiisi eddawo ekebera ekiwandike ekikoma okusiimula empandiika ez'okugiwandikamu. Ebiwandiiko ebigoberera ebizirimu tebikkirizibwa.
  4. [[Act:0] Akawayiro aka '[[Act:1] kayinza okukoma mu kiseera ekiba kitegekedwa.
  5. [[AWULA:0]] Okukubisaamu:[[Akabonero:1] singa wasigalawo abasinga ku omu, olunaku lumu luba lutegekeddwa okulonda. Olunaku olw'ekyama luyisibwa ku sitoowa ezitegerezedwa (mu nnyumba ya paalimenti ne mu bifo awateekebwa enkuŋŋaana ennene).
  6. [[AK'OMUTEGE]] Kubalibwa: Ekiragiro Ekiragiro kiwandika ebitabo nga kigoberera entegeka ya Komishoni ey'okulonda. Pulezidenti, ebinoonyezebwa bibalibwa nga bigoberera enkola eyabalwa. Akawayiro STV bwe kabaako, ekiragiro kikozesa empandika eya bulijjo okubala.
  7. [[Akawayiro:0] Ebiva mu ekyo bivaamu:[[[Akawayiro:1] Owo okudda alangirira omunyanguzi.
  8. [[AB'OKUMENTI]] Obudde bw'ekifo: Prezidenti-alonda alayiza mu maaso ga Mulamuzi Omukulu ow'e Buyindi; omumyuka wa Pulezidenti-ssente mu maaso ga Pulezidenti.

fundikira

Okusalawo kwa Prezidenti era omumyuka wa Prezidenti mu Buyindi kwateekebwawo bulungi enkola etuukana bulungi n'enkola za gavumenti ezikiikirira gavumenti z'empanvu, okukuuma obuwagizi mu matabi gaazo, era n'okukakasa obutuufu okuyitira mu koolensi ezikolera mu nkukutu era ezikiikirira abatuuze. Okutegeera enkola zino kiyamba abantu okutegeera engeri demokulase ya Buyindi gy'ekolamu mu mitendera gyayo egya waggulu, era kinyweza omugaso gwa buli kalulu – kabe nga kalonda MP oba nga basinziira ku ttendekero lya bannantamenti eza bannaazo. Enteekateeka eno ereeseteereza ebyakasa amakumi musanvu era ereesezza bulungi bapresidenti ne ba prezidenti okuva mu bifo eby'enjawulo, era nga kyongera okulaga obukulu bw'obutundu bwa buli kalonda wa Riphabliki.

Okusobola okwongera okusoma, ebigambo byonna ebiri mu lukiiko olukulu olw'e Buyindi biri ku mukutu gwa Ministry of Law and Justice.

[[Akawayiro:0] amnyunzi:[[AK'AWULA:1]

  • [[AK'AWULA:0] Kino kitegeeza okulonda okwa Buyindi – Pulezidenti Ebyafaayo[[:1]
  • [[Act:0][Obwo obufuga Buyindi][Obwo Obubonero n'Obwenkanya]
  • [[AK'AWULA:0] Kino kitegeeza okulonda okwa Buyindi – ow'obukulembeze obunene bwa pulezidenti[[:1]
  • [[AK'AMUTANDIKA] KU KUSOOKA]
  • [[AK'AMUTANDIKA] KU MUWANDIIKIZO OWA MUKOLERWA KKOLEBWAKO [[AWULA][:1]