Ebyafaayo: Ebizibu n’Engeri y’Okuyingira mu Kilabo Ekirungi eky’Okutaano

Ekitongole ekikola ku nsonga z'eby'obufuzi kiyitibwa proteins, era ekyatta abantu abasukka mu 3,500 okuva mu myaka gya 1960 okutuuka 1998. Ekiwandikiro kya Applications(okusingira ddala Abapolotesitanti) kyava mu myaka asatu egiyise. Eky'okuba nti mu Northern Ireland wabaddewo enjawukana mu ngeri nnyingi.) Eky'okuba nti abantu mu Bukiika kkono baali ba njawulo nnyo kwenkanankanankana (nga bangi ku Bapolotesitanti, abaagatayagala kusigala mu United Kingdom) ne ku Bannaakyeesigwa (okusingira ddala Abakatuliki, abaluubirira okubeera mu Ireland) nga baasokebwa olw'obusosoze, n'ettemu n'obukulembebwa ba Bungereza.

Okugezaako okugattika ekigo eky'eby'obufuzi kyatandika dda nnyo ng'omwaka gwa 1998 tegunnatuuka. Okugezaako okw'okuteekawo endagaano mu Sundingdale mu kifo kya bakulu b'obuyinza mu gavumenti z'Amerika mu nsi yonna kwali kugezaako kwakayita okutandikawo kwa maanyi naye kwagwa mu nkumi n'emyezi mitono olw'okuziyizibwa kwa Unionism. Endagaano y'Abangereza-Irish (1985) yawa Republic of Ireland ekifo eky'ennono mu Northern Ireland, ekiraamenya amateeka naye nga y'enkola mu kussaawo siteesitenziko. Mu ma 1990, ekigobe mu 1990, bannaakyo kyagobe nga kyawa emboozi eza kiwayiyiyibwa abakulembeze b'amadukko, abakulembeze b'eby'obusuubuzi, n'abalaawere n'abakulu baaweeresi baanyezza mu ngeri y'ensonga ez'enjawulo ezaali mu ggwanga lya Ireland (1999) nga zigenda mu kifo kya waggulu mu ku k'empewo eya Appeesaaset Rerations produrationsburg mu ggwanga eri

Emisingi egy’Amaanyi Gisobozesa Amaanyi Okutambula

Ekivume eky'okutaano: Aguilment eya Good Oguilre , kye kitongole kya demokulase ekisobola okuddukanya enjawukana ez'amaanyi mu mawanga nga bakakasa nti ebibiina byonna ebikulu birina obuyinza mu by'obufuzi. Abayimbi baabyo baagoberera endowooza ya munnabyabufuzi Arend Lijphart. Emisingi egy'okugoberera esangibwa mu Kivumenti ekyo gizingiramu:

Gavumenti Ekwata ku Kibiina

Mu kifo ky'enteekateeka y'abalabirizi efugibwa gavumenti, ekitongole ekinene kiragira nti obuyinza obwa nnamba buli bumu bulina okugattibwa wamu mu kussaawo anti Union, Nationalists, ne abo ababutwala nti sigw'eggwanga. Kino kifunibwa okuyitira mu kakiiko akakola enkola eno: ebiwayirizo byonna ebisala ebifo mu Nkuŋŋaana zino biteekeddwako obuyinza obw'okuweereza. Enkola eno etegekebwa okuziyiza ekiwandikiro kyonna okufuga eggwanga eddala, mu ngeri eyo ne kikakasa obuganzi ku buganzi n'eddembe eririmu.

Mpandikeko ku yintaneti

Okusobola okuziyiza okusalawo okuleetera oludda olumu okusokko, akakwate kalina okulagira nti okulonda okukulu okwa Speacher, n'okuteekawo enzijanjaba, era n'enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa okusobola okuyimirira ebiragiro, --be bwe kiba nti omuwendo gw'ababaka abakiikirira Union and Nationalist bakkiriziganya. Okulonda okusobola okukkirizibwa mu ngeri y'emu, abantu nga 60% ku buli kitundu, nga mwe muli ne 40 ku buli kitundu, kiyinza okukozesebwa. Ekiragiro kino kikakasa nti amateeka gawagidde mu kwawulamu, ne kugobeeyisawo akakwakkula.

Enkola y’Obwannakyewa n’Eyokuweereza mu Bubuga Alcanding

Ministerial posts in the Northern Ireland Executive are allocated using the D’Hondt formula, a proportional representation method. After an Assembly election, the largest party nominates the First Minister, the next largest the deputy First Minister (who is of a different community), and further ministerial positions are distributed among parties according to their seat share. This mathematical approach removes any discretion about who enters the government, preventing exclusion and ensuring that the executive mirrors the Assembly’s community balance.

Entegeka Ezaakolebwa Okusinziira ku Kukkiriza

Agumenti yatandikawo ssomero lya mirundi esatu: amakonkono ga Ireland ow'omu bukiika kkono (omulembe gwa merika), obutuuti obwa bukiika kkono obwawula Northern Ireland ne Republic of Ireland (Strand II), n'obuvanjuba obwa Bungereza nga buzingiramu UK, Ireland, n'ebizinga ebirala (obw'esatu). Amaanyi n'obudde obw'omu maserengete galabika nnyo mu Strand Osooka.

Olukuŋŋaana Olukulu olw’Ebukiika Kkono bwa Ireland

Olukuŋŋaana lwe lukiiko oluggule oluwagibwa abantu 90 abali mu Kibiina ky'Eddembe (MLS), nga buli omu alondebwa buvvuzi bwa mu nsi 18 ez'ebitundu ttaano. Lulina obuyinza bw'enteeka ku nsonga z'eby'obulamu, eby'enjigiriza, eby'okulima, n'eby'obwenkanya. Ekiragiro kino kikolera wansi w'omutindo gwa mukkiriza okukuba akalulu, nga bwe kyannyonnyolwa waggulu.

Ekitongole Ekirala mu Ireland ow’Ebukiikakkono

Omukulu w'ekitongole kino alina kuba mumyuka wa Mminisita eyasooka (omukulembeze w'ekibiina, so si omunaana owa wansi).[1] Bannabyabufuzi batwala obukiiko. Buli kibiina kiteekwa okukkiriza entebe mu D'Hondt; tebasobola kutuula wabweru wa gavumenti. Ekiragiro kino kibadde kiwandikiro nga kiriisa okulwanyisa okusobola okubaamu /na okuba obumu, ng'ebibiina ebirina endowooza ezikontana. Omuntu ow'obuyinza asalawo ku nsonga nga agoberera enkola eya D'Hondt, era enkyukakyuka yonna ey'amaanyi ereetebwawo ebeere ku muwandikiro.

Abaweereza ne Bassessaloniika Abasooka

Ofiisi z'Obwannakyemalira Obusooka era omumyuka w'Omukungu eyasooka za njawulo: Zombi zilondebwa olukuŋŋaana olunene nga zikozesa obululu obugatta wamu. Zilina amaanyi agafaanagana era zikolera wamu mu bifo bingi (kabe nga zissa kimu, nga zissa wamu obuyinza, nga zikyalira ab'oluganda mu nsi yonna, era nga zikiikirira Northern Ireland). Omuweereza osooka kuva ku kibiina ekisingayo obunene mu biwandiiko ebisinga obunene (Munnaattinisita oba mu ggwanga) era ne munnakyewa w'ekitongole ekisooka okuva mu kibiina ekinene. Kino kikobera ddala mu kibiina kya disitulikiti n'obugattirimu.

Okwetaaga Okufaayo

Okusobola okukuuma obusobozi obusinga obungi n'okukugira abantu abangi obutakyusa nkyukakyuka mu bitundu ebitono, Aunition yatandikawo n'eky'okuyita ku Connect. Buli 30ML ne k'eyinza okusaba obeeko akalulu akalaga nti omusawo gulina kye gukolawo, era nga kye kisobozesa abantu abatono okulonda abantu okusobola okugonjoola ensonga ez'amaanyi. Okusobola okukuuma obwenkanankanankana n'okuziyiza okukyuka n'okukyusa erinnya lya poliisi, enkola eno enoonyezebwako olw'okukozesa ensonga ezitali za buvunaanyizibwa. Wadde kiri kityo, esigala nga y'eky'ekyuma ekikulu mu ku kutuukiriza ensonga ezikwata ku buyinza obw'amaanyi.

Strand II ne Satu: obukiika kkono n'obuvanjuba

Olukiiko lw’Abaweereza olw’omu bukiika kkono

Ekivume eky'okutaano ekikola ku bulungi bw'entambula, obudde, n'obutebenkevu mu maserenge ga Bukiika kkono, byateekebwawo olukiiko lw'obuweereza mu maserengeta ne gavumenti ya Irlands zikolera wamu ku nsonga ezikwata ku by'okwesanyusa bombi. Nga mu by'entambula, eby'obulunzi, eby'okulambula, n'eby'obulamu. NSMC esisinkana mu bitundu ebitegekebwa obutegekebwa obukiika kkono n'obukiikaddiriŋŋanwa era ewalibwa ebisatu mukaaga ebikola enzivvu, (um'egeza, Waterways Ireland, Intradeireland). Kino kikiikirira enziganya ez'enjawulo eziri mu Ireland.

Olukiiko lwa Bungereza n'Olukiiko lwa gavumenti olw'Enzikiriza

Ekitongole ekya Bungereza kifuga ensi era kiwa abakiikirivu okuva mu masaza ga UK ne Irlands, awamu n'abafuzi ba Scotland, Wales, ne Chensencies. Kino kiyamba okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku bizibu byenkana amaanyi, eby'enkola, n'obutonde, okusobozesa abantu okuteeka obwesige bwabwe mu bantu. Mu kiseera kye kimu, gavumenti za Bungereza ne Irland ziwa abantu obulagirizi obukwata ku nsonga ezitali za nnyanja mu Northern Ireland, nga zeetaaga okulwanirira eddembe ly'obuntu n'okuzzaawo emirembe.

Okutuukiriza Ebiragiro n’Emitemere: Ekiwandiiko Eggwanvu Ekyawerezaako Endagaano n’Oluvannyuma

Ekitongole ekikola ku by'obufuzi kyali tekikyetaaza kuddamu kumalawo buyinza obwo; ebibiina byayo tebyetaaga kukolawo ku nsonga z'eby'obufuzi era ne enkyukakyuka. Oluvannyuma lw'okugobererwa kw'olukuŋŋaana olw'ebizibu (umg., nga biyisiddwa mu IRA etegeeza nti empandika y'okusiigibwa mu 2002), St Andrews Agreement (2006) yategekebwa okuzzaawo amateeka agafuga n'okulongoosa amaanyi. Yagatta ku nteekateeka ezaasobozesa Mwannyinaffe eyasooka ne muweereza eyasooka okutebenkerako obunywevu era n'eba nga yakomya ekiseetaasese ekyetaagisa “erinnya lyakommony'okuzibya empaka zonna. Oluvannyuma, ebitongole ebiyitibwa Marborbakko (20) okusobola okukomyawo n'okutereeza enkalukusa enjjuluzi n'emisolo mu Nnyumba (2014).

Wadde nga wabaddewo kaweefube gano, kabuyonjo ga magye gaagwa okumala ekiseera kiwanvu ddala okuva mu 2017 okutuuka mu 2020 olw'enkaayana ezizze zibaawo ku lulimi olw'ekirwalala, obufumbo bw'ekikula, era n'enkola ey'okubuguma. Endagaano empya, New Approch mu 2020 yazzaawo obwetwaze obw'ennimi n'obumanyirivu. Nan Ireland ow'omulembe wa Bukiika kkono ne posita-Brititi, byeyongere okugobera enkola ya Bungereza, nga bakyusizza ensa ensaze ensaze ensazeewo ensalo z'ennanjuba. Mu kiseera eky'okuwandiika, ebibiina ebigenda biddamu okuzibyawumba ebizibwawo mu ngeri y'obuwabuzi.

Obuwanguzi n’Okusoomooza eby’Amaanyi

Okukendeeza ku Bukambwe mu by’obufuzi

Nga basinziira ku kaweefube ow'amaanyi ow'amagye, kaweefube akoleddwa ku Lwokubiri aw'amaanyi. Abafu abali ku kawumpuli ez'eby'obufuzi bakendedde mangu nnyo oluvannyuma lw'omwaka 1998. Wadde nga wabaddewo ebibiina ebiwakanya gavumenti era nga n'abanyweredde ku malwanyi, bateekawo akabi akatono okusinga IRA ne UVF mu myaka gya 1990. Ebya bufuzi buviiriddeko abantu okwenyigira mu ntalo eza demokulase mu kifo ky'okumenti.

Obutebenkevu n’Obutabeererawo mu by’obufuzi

Okuva mu 1998, Olukuŋŋaana olunene n'ogweyambizza kibadde kiwagidde okusattulula ebinene ate era kireeseewo okusasika enfunda n'enfunda. Enzivvuunuzi y'enkola eya buli kika esobozesa abakola awamu okufuga, kyokka era eyinza okuzisibamu zero-sumum gye zikulu mangu. Ekiragiro okukkiriza okusinziza omusaalaba guyinza okukolebwa, ng'ensonga enkulu (obufumbo obw'ekikula, okusiba ekimu, n'okumenya amateeka ag'olulimi) bwe bikoma kubanga tewali kitundu kyonna kiyinza kuteekako endowooza yaakyo mu bwangu.

Okukulaakulana mu Kitundu n’Obuwangwa

Mu mambuka ga Ireland wazzewo enkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi okuva mu 1998. Abapoliisi bazze balongoosebwa, Royal Ulster Constabulary ne badda mu kifo kya police Service of Northern Ireland neetos. Obukuumi bw'eddembe ly'abantu bwanywezebwa, amateeka agenkanankanankana gaateekebwawo, era enkola ey'eby'enjigiriza yeeyongera okukolebwa mpolampola. Emigaano nga `flags, obugaani, obukugunjufu, n'okubugunjufu, n'okubugunjuba nga bukyali bukyayo, nga bukyayo nateesesengo, naye nga wazzewo okweyongerayongerayongerayongera mu muwendo gw'abantu abagamba nti tebaba na bannabyabufuzi, naddala ab'obuto.

Ensonga Ezajja Okubaawo

Obubonero obuwerako tebunnagonjoolwa. Okukwata ku Bizibu n'okukulembereza ebiwambe kivunaanibwa, ng'amaka mangi aganoonya obwenkanya mu kiseera ng'abaakiri abalwanyi bawagizi baleme okubuulibwabuulizabububuulizabububububu. Olulimi olw'e Irishlands ne Ulster Scots byeeteeseteeseteeseteeseteeseteeseteeseteeseteeseteeseteeseteese. Obufumbo obw'okuyisa Omukono ogw'Olulimi olw'e Irish ne spect buli kiseera bulekedde buggweereze. Obufumbo obw'okutuukiriza obugerekeerezi bwalbungi bulekedde nga bweyongera okutuukirira, ate nga n'obukulembeze bw'ekibiina kya Union kiwulira nti ekifo mu UK kinafuye mu Nvanjula y'ewaze.

Okusuubiza Okubeera ku Lwokutaano Okulungi

Ekirabo eky'amaanyi ekigobererwa mu kugonjoola obutakaanya mu nsi ez'enjawulo. Ebitundu byayo eby'emirembe byanoonyezebwa era ne bituukana n'enteekateeka ez'emirembe mu Bosnia ne Herzegovina, South Africa, Lebanooni, ne mu bitundu ebirala. Abakugu bakirabye nti wadde ng'ekyakulabirako ekyo kinyizeewo nnyo mu Northern Ireland, obuwanguzi bwaakyo bwesigamye ku kweyama, obuwagizi obwa gavumenti z'e UK ne Irland, n'obuwagizi bwa CRC ne South Africa.

Mu Northern Ireland, endagaano ekyanywezeddwa ku ngeri y'okuleetawo emirembe. Ekivume ekyo kiwa emusingi ogw'emirembe, naye tekigonjodde butakaanya obw'amaanyi obubaawo mu ggwanga. Amaanyi n'okubudaabuda tebyetaagisa kuddamu kuddamu kunyweza nkola za gavumenti. Kyokka, gavumenti y'emu n'esaanidde okugattika obukulembedde.

fundikira

Amaanyi gagitaagisibwa ekitongole ekifuga enkola y'eby'obufuzi ekiwandikiddwawo, nga kitandikira ku kussaawo ekiwandikiro. Nga kiba kyetaagisa okupima ekiwandikiro nga kiwandikiro okugattikanya, era nga batandikawo entegeka ezikolaganira awamu mu buli kifo, zaakyusa Northern Ireland okuva mu kifo eky'olutalo okutuuka ku kimu ku`ebiseera eby'emirembe. Enkola ya sisitemu teyonooneka, era etera okukolebwa nga z'enkyukakyuka. Naye era zikiraze nti ne mu bantu abaawuluddewo obuteesigaliddemu, okukolagana okw'omukono. [FF:][10][FF], enkola y'omulembe mu ngeri y'emu, gy'ennyonnyonnyonnyonnyonnyoledde okumanyibwa n'okumanyibwa. [FF][3][3][5][F][3][3]