Okutegeera Ebifo Bya Gavumenti: Ani Avunaanyizibwa?

Demokulase ekolera ku bantu abategeera engeri amaanyi gye gasaasaanamu era gye gakozesebwamu. Mu Amerika, okugabana kw'obuyinza mu gavumenti zonna ez'ensi, ne mu bitundu byayo, kusinziira ku misolo gy'osasula okutuuka ku bukuumi bw'amazzi ag'okunywa. Ekitundu kino kiwa kalonda ku buli mukutu gwa gavumenti, engeri gye gakolaganamu, era lwaki ensonga eyo ekwata ku bulamu bwo obwa bulijjo. Bwe tutegeera obulungi kakiiko akafuga kakola emirimu egiba girina kye kakola, tuba na busobozi bulungi okulonda, okulanga obuwagizi, n'okusuubira abakungusimu.

Gavumenti Efuga Obuwabuzi: Obuyinza bw’Eggwanga

Gavumenti etuula waggulu ku ntegeka, era n'eteeka obuyinza bwonna obusigiddwa amateeka ga Amereka. Efuga ensonga ezikwata ku ggwanga lyonna era teyinza kufugibwa bulungi gavumenti zokka. Obuyinza bwayo businga obungi naye nga bulimu ennamba n'omuwendo gwazo n'omuwendo gwazo gubalibwa, nga n'amaanyi amalala gonna agafuga ensi oba abantu.

Obuvunaanyizibwa

  • [[NKULU:0] Kampuni efuga enkola ey'okwerinda n'ey'amawanga: Gavumenti ekuuma amagye, enkola ez'okukolagana, okutandikawo endagaano, n'okutegeka ebitongole eby'ensi yonna. Ekitongole eky'eby'obufuzi, ekitongole ekikola ku by'obufuzi ne ku bannasayansi bakolera ku mulembe gwa gavumenti yokka.
  • Amateeka agafuga enneyisa yaakyo:[[FULT:1] gayinza okuyingira mu nsi, gye bakoma, era n'ekkubo eribatwala mu butuuze. .U.S... obutuuze n'obuyambi obuva mu ggwanga (USCIS) ne Customment Enforcement (ICE) bye bitongole bya gavumenti.
  • K'okawunti [[FOLT:0] era n'enkola ey'eby'ensimbi: Gavumenti y'ensimbi y'ensimbi y'ensimbi y'emu yokka esobola okukuba amasawo n'okutegeka obulungi omuwendo gwago.Federal Reserve essaawo ensawo y'engalo era n'efuga omuwerezo gwa ssente okusobola okugonjoola ebbeeyi y'embalirira y'embalirira y'enkala n'omulimu.
  • Obusuubuzi mu nsi yonna: Amaanyi mu Busuubuzi mu bukiika obwa Claus ekkiriza okugunja ennyiriri z'ensi oba ensalo z'eggwanga. Kino kizingiramu buli kimu okuva ku butebenkevu bw'ennyonyi okutuuka ku nkola ya Intaneeti.
  • [[AWULA:0] Obusolo n'essente:[[AK'AKAFUZI] Emisolo egisasulibwa, emisolo egiva ku kampuni, n'egyo egiva ku bakungu ba gavumenti, biwagidde okuteekamu programu z'eggwanga nga mwe muli eby'obukuumi mu mbeera ya bantu, eby'obukwakulizo, eby'okwerinda, n'eby'enkola ebirala gamba nga interstard.
  • [[AK'AKAFUZI]] Eddembe n'obukuumi:[[FULT:1] amateeka agafuga emirimu gy'eggwanga nga Civil Rights Act, Voting Rights Act, ne Amerika abalina Obulema Kiragiro kya Kkubo eteeka emitindo egigya buli ggwanga ku buli ggwanga.

Ebitundu Bya Gavumenti Ekola Obunene

Amateeka g’Amerika gasalawo amatabi asatu ag’enjawulo:

  • [[AK'AWULA:0] Ekirala kiyitibwa [[Akabonero:1] era kyakolebwa Olukiiko Olukulu olw'Ababaka, Congress awandiika amateeka, elangirira entalo, era n'okulabirira ofiisi y'ettabi.
  • [[Akakiiko n'ebitongole bya puligaanye] Ekikola ku nsonga ezikwatagana n'ebyo ebikolebwa ku mulimu oba ku mulimu: Presidenti ateeka amateeka aga gavumenti, alagidde amagye, era ategeka ebitongole n'ebitongole (nga.. Ekitongole eky'Escational Deparce, EPA, FDA).
  • [[Akabonero:0] Judicial (kooti ez'omukitundu n'ez'empandika eza wansi):[[[FULT:1] Obukiiko obukola ku disitulikiti bunnyonnyola amateeka g'ensi n'amateeka g'ensi, nga bigonjoola enkaayana ezizingiramu ebibuuzo oba ebiba bikongooso eby'ensi ez'enjawulo.

Okwawulawo kw’ensi kuleetawo okubuusabuusa n’okwewala okuba n’obuyinza ku ttabi erimu. Abalamuzi abafuga obutonde balondebwa okusobola okusigala nga balina obwetwaze.

Abatumbula Emirimu

Gavumenti ereetera abantu okusasula emisolo nga gikozesa buli muntu kinnoomu essente ze bafuna (nga 50 ku buli kikumi ku ssente zonna ezifunibwa), okusasula emisolo ku misolo egisaasaanyizibwa ku ky'okwerinda n'emisolo gya kampuni. era era ekuŋŋaanya emisolo ku ssente z'amafuta, omwenge, ne taaba.

Gavumenti: Engeri y'okuddukanyaamu Enteekateeka z'Ebifo

Gavumenti ziriwo wansi w'Omutemwa ogw'Ekkumi, oguteekeddwa mu gavumenti (oba abantu) gavumenti zonna teziweereddwa gavumenti. Buli ggwanga lirina ssemateeka waalyo, entebe yaalyo ey'ebintu bisatu, era n'okwefuga ku nsonga ez'omunda. Wadde ng'amateeka g'ensi eyo ga waggulu, gavumenti ze zirina ekifo ekikulu mu kufuga obulamu bw'abantu baazo obwa buli lunaku.

Obuvunaanyizibwa

  • [[Act:0]] Enjigiriza:[ State essaawo emitindo egigobererwa mu bye bayiga, abasomesa aba layisensi, n'empuliziganya ezikozesebwa mu kuwaayo ebizingirwa mu masomero ga kampuni K-12. Era ziwa obutendekero bwa gavumenti ne yuniva eri abantu aba bulijjo. Omuwendo ogusinga obungi ogw'enjigiriza ziva mu gavumenti ne mu nsibuko za gavumenti so si gavumenti.
  • [[Act:0]] 'Emirimu gy'eby'entambula egikozesebwa mu ggwanga'ezimba n'okukuuma enguudo z'amakubo, enzigi n'amannya g'embuga z'empandika ez'ekidduka. Era gilabirira enkola ey'obudduukirize era gikwasanga obuwandisibwa n'okugobererwa kw'emmotoka.
  • [[Akabonero:0] Amakampuni gafuga enteekateeka za mapeesa ne za bannamuneeyuganda:[[[NKULA 1] [N'Aka], okuddukanya amalwaliro n'ebifo ebirabirira bannamukadde, n'okuddukanya ebitongole eby'eby'obujjanjabi ebikola ku kaweefube w'endwadde n'ensawo.
  • [[NT: 0] Okugoberesa kwa mateeka n'omusango: poliisi y'empuku ezikuuma ebibuga n'amateeka agafuga. Kkooti z'eggwanga zikwata ku misango gy'abamenyi b'amateeka n'egw'abantu. Amakomera n'ebitundu ebireetebwa ebitongole ebikola ku nsonga z'eby'amateeka biba bitegekeddwa mu gavumenti.
  • OKUSALAWO [: State zissaawo amateeka agakwata ku kulonda. “‘ Muzingiramu essaawa ez'okulondamu, essaawa ez'okulonda, n'ensalo z'ebbanga eziragiddwa(*) biba bifugibwa amateeka g'omulembedde. Bakuba akalulu, okulonda, n'okugoolera.
  • [[AK'OKUKOLA] era ne kkampuni ezikola ku by'emirimu: Ebitongole eby'omu mateeka, layisensi, bannamateeka, bannamateeka, n'abayigirizza ebizingirwa mu bintu, ne bayinsi n'eby'okuteekamu ebintu mu nviro ezikkirizibwa mu bitundu ebya bulijjo.

Ennyimba z’Ebigambo

Buli ggwanga lirina ofiisi y'ettabi ekulemberwa gavana afuga, ofiisi y'ekitongole ekola eby'amateeka (nga kitera okuba sirpavana ya bankara, okuggyako Nebraska ennamenara), era ne ttabi erisalira omusango erina kooti enkulu. Gavumenti zisobola okufuga amateeka ga gavumenti, zikwasizza embalirira y'enkola, era zikozesa bulungi embalirira y'omulimu. Amakampuni ga gavumenti gayisa amateeka ku nsonga ezitaagonjolwako kakkulu.

Abatumbula Emirimu

Gavumenti zesigamizibwa ku nfuna ezitali zimu: emisolo gy'okutunda (ensibuko esingayo obunene mu bitundu ebisinga obungi), emisolo egigeegedwa ku muntu kinnoomu (mu bitundu 41), emisolo gye basasula nga bawa kampuni, emisolo gy'amakompuni (nga gisinga kuba gya mu kitundu) era n'eb'eb'obuyinza (kwe kugamba nti 30% ya ssente ezimalibwawo gavumenti). Okwawukana ku gavumenti, gavumenti ezisinga obungi zirina amateeka agafuga enzirikiti eziziganya okusobola okumanya embalimba.

[[AK:0] Olukalala: California, empewo esinga okuba abantu abangi, ebalimu doola z'obuwumbi obusukka mu 300. Ssente ze zimu ku nteegeetwa y'obuyigirize obwa waggulu mu nsi yonna okuyitira mu yunivasite y'e California ne California State University.

Gavumenti ez'omu nviromenti:

Gavumenti z'omu kitundu ze zirina enkolagana ey'oku lusegere n'abantu era zirina kinene nnyo kye zikola ku bulamu obwa bulijjo. Tezoogerwako mu mateeka ga Amereka naye zaakolebwa gavumenti z'eggwanga. Gavumenti ziwa gavumenti amateeka gaazo ag'enjawulo ageetaaza ettuluba lya gavumenti. Mu Amerika, waliwo ebika bisatu ebikulu ebifuga mu ngeri: okubala, obusaze, obusajja, ebibuga, ebisatu, n'ebifo eby'enjawulo (nga mw'ebitundu ebitundutundu by'essomero).

Ebyafaayo

Amaduuka gafuga gavumenti, era gakola emirimu egiva mu bitundu ebyasaasaanyizibwawo ensalo. Mu mirimu egyo mulimu okupima ebibanja n'okukuŋŋaanya ebikolerwamu, okugoosa, okugobererwa kw'amateeka, amakomera, kkooti, okutereka amakomya (okuzaala, okufa, obufumbo, ebikolerwako mu mirimu egitali gya bulijjo), okutereka enguudo ku bifo ebitali bya nkola, n'ebifo ebijjanjaba abalwadde.

Gavumenti

Ebibuga n'ebibuga biyamba mu mirimu gy'ensi omuli abantu abangi.

  • [[Akabonero:0] Obutebenkevu mu kitongole kya poliisi, ebitongole eby'omuliro, oba ebigo by'obujjanjabi eby'omu bwangu.
  • [[AK'AMUTANDIKA] Enkola ey'okufumba n'ey'oku ttaka:[[AK'AWATANDIKWA:1] Kusalawo ekiyinza okuzimbibwa awalala awayinza okuzimbibwa, okuleeta enkbero, n'okukakasa ebiragiro ebikwata ku kuddaala.
  • Enteekateeka ey'ekifo [[KIT:0] ey'oku sistemu esangibwa ku musingi:[[[KYUM]] Enguudo, enguudo, ettabaalo ez'oku nguudo, enfukiza ez'oku mazzi, enkola ey'okuzigyamu kazambi, n'ebisasiro.
  • [[AB'OKUKOLA] Obubonero n'eby'okwesanyusaamu:[[AK'OMUTEEKWA] apawudi, ebifo ebibeeramu abantu, ebidiba n'ebifo eby'okuwugiramu.
  • [[AK'AMUTANDIKI]] Ebirawulibwamu era n'ebitongole eby'obuwangwa: Etterekero lya bantu, ebizuulibwa mu fayiro ez'edda, ne programu ez'obusingi.

Disitulikiti n’E disitulikiti ez’Enjawulo

Ebitundu ebituusibwako amasomero ga gavumenti ezeetongodde era nga zikozesa obukiiko obutegese okusasula emisolo. Bikubiriza ebikolo bya gavumenti, ebya massekati, era n'eby'ebitundu ebya siniya. Gavumenti za njawulo ziyamba mu buweereza bwa gavumenti bwa njawulo, gamba ng'amazzi, obuyonjo, okukukusa omuliro, oba okukugira ensaka z'ensiri. Eriyo ebitundu eby'enjawulo ebisukka mu 38,000 mu nsi eyo yonna, nga bifuula gavumenti ez'enjawulo.

Abatumbula Emirimu

Gavumenti z’omu kitundu zeesigama nnyo ku kusasula emisolo, ate oluvannyuma ne zisasula emisolo, (ebibuga bitono nga New York ne Philadelphia levy), ssente ezisasulirwa okukola emirimu (mu ngeri y’emu, ssente ezisasulirwamu amazzi, ebiwandiiko ebikkiriza okuzimba), era ne gavumenti eziva mu gavumenti ne mu bitundu ebirala.

[[AGUMENTI]] Ekirabo: Ekibuga New York kirimu abantu abasukka mu bukadde 8 era nga basaasaanya ssente ezisukka mu buwumbi 100 mu mwaka. Ekibuga ekyo kye kisingidde ddala obuwumbi bwa doola 100 mu ggwanga, era kirimu n'amayumba mangi agafuga abantu, era n'ekitongole kya poliisi ekisinga obunene mu nsi yonna.

Okukolagana n’Okuddirira mu Ngeri Embi

Gavumenti tezikolera wamu nga zeeyawula ku balala, ziwagira okuwagira ssente, era oluusi zivuganya n’ab'obuyinza.

Omuddugavu n’Okukemebwa

Ekiragiro kya ssemateeka Claus kitegeeza nti gavumenti bw'esalawo okusitukiramu etteeka erikontana mu kitundu. Ekiragiro kino bwe kisalawo okuyingiza ekitundu nga kya kabuyonjo bw'ennyonyi, nga ssay, obutebenkevu bw'ennyonyi ne bukoma. Naye ebifo bingi tebisobola kufuga kitundu ekyo. Gavumenti z'ensi ne gavumenti zisobola kukola ku mitindo gy'obutonde bw'ensi. Eggwanga zisobola okussaawo emitindo emikakanyavu okusinga egya gavumenti, nga California bwe kisalawo okuyingiza ebidduka ku mmotoka wansi w'ekitebe ekya Deake Air Act.

Fiscal Direction

Gavumenti ekuŋŋaanya ssente nnyingi okusinga ebyetaago byayo ebya butereevu ebizingirwamu mu nkola. Ebiragiro bino bivaamu ebiwundu bibiri: obukkufu obusinga obunene obwa bulijjo (bw'ebigendererwa, okufaananako empagi ezigattiddwa). Okusobola okukola omulimu, abawagizi balina okukkirizibwa okukola ku kkubo oba ku mabbali g'ekkubo. Okusinziira ku mateeka ago, abawandikibwa bateekwa okuteekako ssente [[[FLT:]] [FLT]] (Essente ezikozesebwa mu buli kiwandikiro, okuzikola ng'okukulaakulana okw'ekitongole). Mu kusasula, abaagulibwa, bateekwa okukkirizibwa okugoberera amateeka agava mu mateeka agava mu mateeka agava mu mateeka. Ng'okuteekamu essomero zino, nga 21.

Okusuula Etteeka mu Kifo

Nga etteeka lya gavumenti bwe liyinza okuggyawo amateeka ga gavumenti, amawanga gayinza okuggyawo ekiwagizi eky'omu kitundu kino.

Okutuukiriza Obuvunaanyizibwa Obumu

Ekiragiro ekimu kitera okubaamu emitendera esatu egy'oku sistemu emu.

  • [[AK'AWULA:0] Gavumenti ey'ebungi omwo gy'eba otegese okukolawo ebizingirwamu Kino kisobozesa emirimu egikolebwako mu bwangu okugonjoola ebiba by'awamu (pule, omuliro oba EMT).
  • Gavumenti ey'eggwanga eteeka obusobozi bw'ebyo ebikolebwako mu budde obw'ekika kya [[FOLT]].
  • [[Act:0] Gavumenti egaba obuyambi obw'ensimbi okuyitira mu FEMA, ebizingirwamu mu nviro ezitegekebwa mu ngeri entegeke obulungi, era n'erabirira programu ezimala ekiseera kiwanvu nga zikolebwa.

Ensonga Lwaki Kikulu Okutegeera Gavumenti

Bw'oba oyagala ekinnya kibuguumirize akakiiko k'omu kibuga oba ekitongole ekikolera ku mulimu kyo, kiba kirungi okuwandiikira gavana oba kakiiko k'eggwanga. Bw'oba nga weeraliikirira ku bikwata ku nkola y'obutuuze mu ggwanga, akakiiko ka gavumenti tekasobola kukyusa mateeka ga gavumenti, naye omuntu wo ku kakiiko akakola akatuulawo asobola okulonda ssente. Okukola ennyo, okimanyi bulungi kyetaagisa okunoonyereza ku nsonga zo.

Engeri y’Okuzuulamu Abakiikirira Bwo

Kozesa ebintu bino okumanya abakiikirira ekibiina kyo:

  • [[AGUMENTI].gov[[FULT:1]] – Zuula abakungu b'ensi abakulonda.
  • [[AWULA:0]U.S. Bureau[[FLT]] – obuwanvu bwa namba n'empandika eza gavumenti ez'omu kitundu.
  • [[AMERI] Olukiiko lw'eggwanga olw'Emigaati gy'Eggwanga[[:1]] – obubaka obwa mateeka n'ookwanjula byonna ebizikwatako.

Era osobola okugenda mu nkuŋŋaana ezibeera mu kizimbe ekyo, mu nkuŋŋaana z’amaso, ne mu bizimbe ebikuumirwamu obukiiko obutuula mu kibuga, era abantu basobola okukuwa obulagirizi ku ngeri y’okusalawo ebikwata ku kitundu kyo.

Ebyafaayo: Engeri E sisitemu ya Katonda gy’Ekyukakyuka Embi

Enjawukana mu buvunaanyizibwa bwa gavumenti tebwajjawo mbagirawo. sisitemu ya Amereka yalimu olukunyuma lw'abo abaali baagala gavumenti ey'amaanyi era n'abo abatya okunyisibwa. Abakola amateeka baasengeka obufuzi obwa gavumenti mu Katundu I, Ekitundu 8, Ekitundu 8, ate oluvannyuma ne bagattawo olukalala olw'okuwerezaamu olw'ekkumi n'ena okukakasa ebitongole. Mu byasa bibiri, obuyinza bw'ensi yonna bugaziyizza okuyitira mu kulongoosebwa kw'amateeka (nga., okuwereza olukumi n'ekkumi n'omukaaga okutongoza omusolo, okunnyonnyola kw'ebiwandiiko by'ebiwandiiko ebikulu eby'enkannyi, n'obuteendwadde nga bwe kyali kibadde nga Great Demoown and War II, ekyo kye kyali kyetaagisa okugonjoola ensonga mu ggwanga.

Washington kyeyava era nga kyeyoleka bulungi nti enkola y'obukkujjukujju bw'amaka esinga okugobererwa.[1] Okuyigiriza, amateeka, obufumbo, n'obusuubuzi mu ntegeka z'ensi ez'enjawulo. Endagaano New Deal ne Kivil Rights byakyusaamu obuvunaanyizibwa bungi. Mu myaka gyakayita, enkola eno ekyuseko ku mbeera z'abantu mu myaka gya 1990 ewasembyewo, era Kkooti enkulu ewadde obuyinza obw'ensi yonna wansi wa Kkootisko mu misango nga United States v. Lopez (19595). Wadde nga k'okko, gavumenti esigala nga y'ekola mu ngeri y'ebyumala.

Ebizibu Ebiba Bizzeewo mu Nkolagana Ebiri mu Gavumenti

Waliwo ebintu bingi ebiraga engeri entegeke ya kakiiko kano ey’enjawulo gye kikolebwamu:

  • Ekiragiro kino kyayisawo insuwalensi ezikwata ku by'obulamu ezaakolebwa mu ggwanga ne kisobozesa ebiwandikiro okugaziwa ku magye. Gavumenti ezimu zigaana okugaziwa ku magyeti, ne kisobozesa okugattawo ssente eziba ku sistemu n'enkola endala ez'eggwanga okubaako kye zikola ku bantu abakulu mu by'ensi eno.
  • Ekiragiro kino kikyusa engeri gye kikozesaamu enkola eyo. Mu kiseera kino, gavumenti ekola nga California ne New York ereeseteeseteeseteese enkola ez'enjawulo ez'okutandika okuzizimba era n'amasannyalaze agayinza okuzzibwamu.
  • [[Akabonero:0] Okugobereza abakwasiddwa ku kitongole ekikola ku by'ewandikiro oba eby'okukima: Ebimu ku “bibuga eby'omubudde” bikoma ku kukolera wamu n'ab'obuyinza abakkiriza abatuuze okuva mu ggwanga ne bagenda mu ggwanga okuyingiza abannyinyookebwa mu ggwanga ne kiviirako okusaasa okw'omusango n'okuwaayo okuva ku gavumenti ya gavumenti.
  • [[Act:0]] Ddowoozi: Oluvannyuma lwa kooti enkulu okukuba akakwakkuliro akakulu akalaga eddembe ly'abantu mu 2013, gavumenti eziwerako zaayisa amateeka aga n'obusobozi, ng'ate amalala gaateekawo obululu obukola ku bukulembeze. Gavumenti erina emirimu egisinziirwako okuzuula abantu.

fundikira

Okutegeera ani alina obuvunaanyizibwa mu bifo byonna mu gavumenti, mu ggwanga, ne mu kitundu mwe babeera, kikulu nnyo okusobozesa eddoboozi lyo okuwulira oba okulonda omulimu ogukolebwa abantu. Ekiragiro kino kiteeka amabaatike, nga buli mukutu gulina emirimu gya njawulo. Gavumenti efuga efuga engeri ez'enjawulo ez'okwerinda eggwanga, ez'enjawulo, ez'obutuuze, n'ez'enkwaso. Gavumenti zifuga obulungi eby'enjigiriza, eby'entambula, eby'obujjanjabi, eby'amateeka, n'okulondalonda.

Ebitundu bino bikolera wamu buli kiseera okuyitira mu mpagi z'eggwanga, okugobererwa, n'okutuukiriza enkola za programu. Okuba omutuuze omumanyi kitegeeza okumanya ekiva mu ddaala ly'obutundu obufuga ensonga z'ofaayo era n'okumanya engeri y'okusisinkanaamu ababaka abatuufu. Bwe kiba nti muwagira amasomero amalungi, amazzi ag'okulongoosa, oba eddembe erisingako ku kulonda, okwogerezesa, okwo kwe kuba nkyukakyuka ya maanyi. Omuntu bw'aba omuteeseteeseteese omuwendo gwa gavumenti yo okusobola okubala omuwendo gwa demokulase.