Obusosoze mu myaka mu kifo gye mukolera bukyali bukulu nnyo era nga bukubiriza abakozi okuva ku ttendekero ery'omu kiti kya C-suite. Wadde nga mu kitongole ky'eggwanga ekiwa abasebenzi aw'emirimu (ADEA) kiwa abaweebuvu abawezezza emyaka 40 oba n'abakulu, obukuumi obwa nnamaddala businziira nnyo ku mbeera y'omulimu gw'okola. Amateeka ga gavumenti gayinza okujjuza ebisalo ebisike ebyalekebwa abakola nga abato ku mulimu, oba nga emirundi nga zza obutundu obutonotono obuwera obuwera obuwera . Abakozinyinnabyo, abakugunjabi n'abasuubuzi, n'abakulu mu bya bizineesi, n'obumanyirimu n'obulango n'obulango n'obulungi.

Ekitundu kino kyogera ku ngeri obusosoze mu myaka gye bukoma mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, nga kiraga amateeka g'ensi gye gagaziwa era gye galemererwa. Tujja kukebera engeri amateeka g'ensi gye gaayungibwamu era n'amakulu agakwata ku bakozi n'abakozesa. Mu nkomerero, ojja kuba osobola okutegeera engeri ensi gy'eyinza okukyusaamu eddembe lyo n'obuvunaanyizibwa bwo obukwata ku ku kusosola abantu mu myaka.

Obusosoze mu Kiseera eky’Omulembe: Ekintu Ekiteekeddwa ku Mutima

Etteeka ekkulu erikwata ku busosoze mu myaka gyenkanankana, kwe kugamba, Agenalation in Orough Act (ADEA) mu 1967. ADEA egaana okusosola abantu abali mu myaka 40 n'abakulu mu kukozesa, okukuba amasanyu, okukuzibwa, okusasulwa, okutendekebwa, n'ebyetaago ebirala eby'emirimu. Bifuga emirimu nga biri 20 oba okusingawo ku bakozi, gavumenti, ebitongole ebikola emirimu, n'ebitongole ebikola ku mirimu.

Wadde nga mu ADEA wabaawo ebintu ebikulu ennyo eby’okwekuumisa, waliwo ebintu bingi ebiyinza okukugira:

  • Ekibiina ky'emirimu gy'amakolero kisigalamu abakozi bukadde na bukadde nga tewali bukuumi bwa gavumenti.
  • Olubu olwo olw'emyaka nga: Abakozi 40 n'abasingako obukulu be bokka ababikkibwako; abakozi abali wansi wa 40 tebasobola kwewolereza wansi wa ADEA ne bwe kiba nti basosolwa okusinziira ku myaka gyabwe.
  • Kino kitegeeza nti: Kkooti enkulu ey'omu Amerika yasala ekkooti Smith v. Ekibuga kya Jackson (2005] ekiwandiisa n'ekirala kikkirizibwa mu ADEA, naye nga wategeerwawo okwekuuma okusinga wansi w'Omutwe VII. Kino kyaleetera ebiteeso ng'ebyo okuwangula.
  • Embalirira:[[NKULA] Ekirabula tekitera kukolebwa ku mukutu gwa ADEA; abasolooza obusawo obusinga obungi basobola okuzzaawo ebisasulwa ebiba bifuniddwa, ebisasulwa bye bifiibwawo, era ne bwe biba nga byokesebwamu emirundi ebiri (musaala ogukubisiddwa kungulu) okuggyako nga baamenya mu bugenderevu.
  • [[AK:0] Obukakafu ku ekkomo:[ ADEA ebiteeberezebwa birina okukolebwako mu kitongole ekikola ku mirimu gy'ekitongole ekikola ku mulimu oba empandika z'emirimu ku kiwandikiro Commission (EOC) mu nnaku 180 (ennaku 300 mu masaza, nga enkola y'omulimu guwereddwa mu mateeka tezikkirizibwa mu bwenkanya).

Olw'obusosoze obuli mu myaka egyo, amawanga agamu gawa abakozi bonna obukuumi ka babe nga ba myaka emeka, nga bawa abakozesa baabwe obupya obujjanjabi obusingawo obulungi.

Olupapula lw’Amateeka g’Eggwanga: Ebiri mu Bbali n’Ebigambo Ebikulu

Kyokka, amateeka ago gaakulanyizibwa mu ngeri ya njawulo nnyo era ganywezebwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo.

Eggwanga Erikuuma Abakozi Abato

Oboolyawo eky'enjawulo ekiyinza okukolebwa kwe kuba nti etteeka lya gavumenti likuuma abakozi abali wansi w'emyaka 40. Wadde nga 40 oba 40 ag'omuka gwa ADEA gabeeramu, amateeka agamu aga gavumenti gagaana abakozi okusosola bannaabwe okusinziira ku myaka gyabwe. Kino kitegeeza nti abawere 30 mu myaka bakutuzibwa ku mulimu kubanga mukama waabwe ayagaliza abantu “malala amateefu, nga bato.” Bakyayinza okukkirizibwa okukola nga bwe baagala.

Ebitundu ebiyinza okutangira abakozi bonna, so si 40+ zokka, mwe muli:

  • [[AK:0] Kalifornia – The Fair Accounting Act (FAHA) egaana okusosolwa ku buli muntu yenna “asukka 40,” naye singa etteeka litegeeza nti FEHA era liyamba abakozi abato obutasosola mu myaka gyabwe egimu. Okugatta ku ekyo, California alina enteekateeka ezikwata ku mbeera z'abantu abaakaddiriŋŋanwa.
  • New York [[NKULU] – The New York State Human Rights Law (NYSRL) egaana okusosolwa ku myaka egy'obusosoze eri buli muntu yenna 18 oba asukka mu kkumi. Kino kifuula New York ekimu ku masaza agasingayo okuba n'obukuumi eri abakozi abakyali abato.
  • [[NK:0] Amassachusetts[[FL:1] – The Massachusetts Fair Accers Act kikukuuma obutasosolwa olw'emyaka gy'abantu nga 40 ab'emyaka naye enteekateeka ey'enjawulo (M.G.L. 151B, 76 4(1C)) egaana okusosola omukozi yenna asukka mu 70 ku myaka 40. Kyokka, ebikuumibwa abakozi abali wansi wa 40 okusobola okusalibwamu bikendedde era nga kyetaagisa okulaga nti okusosola okw'omuzitooya olw'empala.
  • [[Act:0]]Illinois – The Illinois Human Rights Act egaana okusosolwa kw'abantu 40 oba n'abasingako obukulu, naye era kitwaliramu nkuumi eri abo abali wansi w'emyaka 40 singa okusosola okwo kwesigamye ku myaka gyabwe mu ngeri etaba ya magezi”
  • [[AGUMENTI] Dughington[[AK'AWULA] – The Washington Law Against Discription (WLAD) egaana okusosola omuntu yenna aweredde emyaka, ka kibeere waakiri wa myaka ki, oba nga gya 18.

Mu nsi ezo, abakozi abato baba n’obusosoze okusinga bannaabwe, naye ne bwe baba nga batwalibwa mu ssanduuko eyo, kiyinza okuzibuwalira abakozi abali mu myaka 18939 kubanga abo abatwalibwa okuba abakulu mu myaka okuba nga basososoze.

Ebikwata ku Nsonga y’Okusosola

Ng'oggyeko okusasulwa, amawanga agamu gannyonnyola engeri y'okutulugunyaamu abalala, okugaziya emitindo gy’okutulugunya, oba okuteeka mu nkola ereetera abalala okutulugunya, okwesasuza, oba okuleetawo akabi.

  • [[NKUMBO:0] Kalifornia [-FEHA] Kino kitegeeza “omutindo ogw'ekika ekikadde” ogukozesebwa: singa omukozesa abadde n'ensonga enkulu ku nsonga y'okugisalawo, mukozesa aba n'asobola okugikolako. ADEA, okwawukana ku 'ADE', okutwaliramu okutuluba oba okukaaba. FEHA era egaana okutuluguza okwesigamiziddwa ku myaka, so ng'obusobozi ADEA tebukolebwako.
  • New York – The NYSHRL kikkiriza ebigambo ebiba biwandiikiddwa ku “kigendererwa ekikontana” era ne biwa kalala konna akozesa ne bannabizineesi okusala obusosoze mu ngeri endala. New York era esobozesa abo abakola nabo okusala obusosoze mu ngeri ez'enjawulo mu nkola ez'ekika kya nviro.
  • [[Aka '[:0] Minnesota – The Minnesota Human Rights Act egaana okusosolwa ku muntu yenna 18 oba asukka mu myaka era ennyonnyola “essaawa” era esobozesa omuntu okusala emisango mu kyamaanyi obutabaako buyambi bwonna mu bya nkola bya gavumenti ebigootaanya.
  • New Jersey – The New Jersey Law Against Discription (NJLAD) evumirira okusosola abantu mu myaka 18 oba n'okusingawo era ekozesa omutindo gwa “enkola eya bulijjo eyandikubirizza ensonga”, ogusinga okukkirizibwa mu kunoonyereza kwa ADEA.

Ennyinnyonnyola zino zitegeeza nti abasososolwa mu mawanga gano basobola okulaga obusosoze wadde nga obukakafu buzingiramu endowooza ez’enjawulo.

Lirina Obukuumi Obutono oba Obutalina Bulala

Ku luuyi olulala, emitwe gy'ebitongole ebyo tegirina mateeka ga mu kiseera kye kimu agakwata ku busosoze oba amateeka agakwata ku myaka egy'ennamba nga gakulaakulanye nnyo mu ADEA.

Mu nsi ezo mwe muli:

  • [[AK:0] – Texas tewalina mateeka ga gavumenti agakwata ku busosoze mu myaka. Mu kifo ky'ekyo, abakozi ab'omu Texas balina kwesigama ku ADEA yokka. Bizineesi ezirimu abakozi abali wansi wa 20 tezirina bukuumi bwonna mu ntegeka ya gavumenti.
  • [[:0] FLORIDA – The Florida Civil Rights Act (FCRA) egaana obusosoze okusinziira ku myaka 40 n'okusingawo. Abakozesa abali wakati w'abayimbi 15 n'abasingako omulimu, be bagaziyizangamu katono ku mukutu ogwa waggulu. Kyokka, emitindo egiva ku ttalanta ze ADEA okusingira ddala tegiwagirawo bujjanjabi obutali bumu.
  • [[Act:0] Georgia – Georgia’s Fair Access Act Kino kikwata ku myaka gy'okusosolwa ate ku bakozi ba gavumenti bokka. Abakozi abali mu kibiina kya nnakaawuka tebalina bukuumi bwa gavumenti. Balina okwesiga ADEA yokka era singa mukama waabwe tasukka na 20 ku mirimu gyabwe, tewabaawo bukuumi bwonna.
  • Ohio – etteeka lya Ohio ery'okusosolwa ekifuga obusosoze (R.C. 4112.02) ligaana abakozesa okusosola abawezezza emyaka 40 oba n'abasingako abaakola 4. Wadde ng'abasingako abaakola omulimu bakendedde, amateeka gagoberera nnyo emitindo gy'ensi mu ngeri ekakasa oba gye gatakwata ku mbeera. Ohio tegategeeza abo abakyakola emirimu abakyali abato.

Gavumenti endala ezitafuna bukuumi bwa maanyi mwe muli Alabama (tewali mateeka ga gavumenti agasala obusosoze mu myaka nga tegasinziira ku mbeera za njawulo), Mississippi (etalina mateeka ga gavumenti), ne South Carolina (eno ye nsonga lwaki bagoberera ADEA ennyo).

Enjawulo Ezisinga Obukulu mu Buyinza bw’Okugonjoola

Obukuumi obuweebwa abantu abasosolwa olw’emyaka tebusinziira ku mateeka bye gawandiika ku mpapula kyokka, naye era n’engeri gye gagobererwamu n’engeri gye gagobererwamu.

Okukomya Emibiri gy’Abakulu b’Eby’Eby’Eby’Omwoyo n’Okufumbisa

Eggwanga lisaba abakozi okukomyawo empewo nga bannannyini nnyumba mu kitongole ekikola ku by'emirimu mu ngeri esanyusa ab'obuyinza nga tebannavunaanibwa mu kkooti.

  • [[Act:0]A[[[AK'AMENTI:1] – ennaku 180 (ennaku 300 mu biyingizibwa birimu FEPA).
  • [[AK'AKAFUMBO] Kaalinia[[KATANDIKWA] – 3 Emyaka FEHA ereetebwawo (ekipimo eky'emyaka 1 FEHA ebeere nga kye kyemulugunya mu DFEH).
  • New York [[FLT:] [[Akawayiro] – 3 emyaka ku NYSHRL gigamba nti, ekitongole kya kompyuta kisosola mu bantu.
  • [[:0]FOLORIDA[[[AK'AWULA]] – ennaku 365 okugyako nga omulimu gutegekebwa mu Florida ku luwandika lw'abantu.
  • [[Akawayiro:0][[AK'AMUTANDIKA] – Tewali nkola ey'okufuga eya gavumenti; abakozi bateekwa okusengeka fayiro ne EEOC mu nnaku 300 zokka.

Singa omuntu tatuukiriza kiseera ekyo, ekyo kiyinza okumuviirako okufa. N’olwekyo abakozi bateekwa okukebera amateeka g’ensi n’ag’ensi.

Enkola y’Ebizibu: Zoonoon ne Athoney

Ekirala eky'enjawulo kiri nti, mu ADEA tewakkirizibwa bantu kusasula ebiba bibalaze; amateeka g'eggwanga gaawukana:

  • [[NKUMBO]] California[[KATANDIKA] – FEHA ekkiriza ebiva mu kusasula ekiva mu kubonaabona n'okulumizibwa olw'okukumpanya oba olw'okujooza obunene bw'omukozesa.
  • [[:0] New York[[NTLL]] – The NYSHRL ekkiriza ebiva mu ebikongojjedwa byonna (nga bifugibwa enkonkola y'enkusu).
  • [[:0] Amasakusetts[[[KITANDIKI] -sscess Resolses extension - "Ibisaleseera by'egonjoolebwa era nga 3 bimala okusasulwa olw'okumenyamenya mu bugenderevu.
  • [[AK'AKAFUMBO:0] Ohio – ebiva mu kugobererwa nga ebiva mu kugatta ebiva ku nkola y'ekiwandikiro biwerebwa nga doola 50,000 okutuuka ku doola 1000,000 okusinziira ku bunene bw'omukozesa (obubangi obwa 3,00,000).
  • [[AK'AWULA] [[KATANDIKA] – ekiboowo ekiva mu kubonerezebwa oba okubonerezebwa kiwayidwa doola 1000,000 oba doola 1000,000 okusinziira ku bunene bwa bakozesa, era waliwo ssente eza bannamateeka ezisabibwa.

Mu ssaza lya Texas, omuyigirizwa omuwabuzi w’eggwanga gy’atayinza kusasula ssente ezisasulwa abakungu bennyini, era n’ebisasulwa ebiba bikoseddwa ku mulembe gwa ADEA.

Obuyambi Abakozesa Bwe Bayinza Okufuna

Bwe kiba nti amateeka gakkiriza abakozesa okukolera ku nkola eyo, kiyinza okuleetera abakozesa okuteeka abakozesa mu kifo ekirala.

  • Akatabo ak'omu 'State' akajja ng'aka '-' aka '-' aka '-' aka '-' aka '-' aka '-' aka 'FLT'''' n'enkola ezilwanyisa obutakkaanya obw'omu n'obukalu obuli mu nkola ziddamu okulongoosebwa okulaba ebisaanyizo eby'amateeka ga gavumenti, naddala ebikwata ku ku kufissibwako kwa bakozi abakyali abato n'empandika ez'emyaka egikuumibwa.'
  • [[NKUMBO:0] Okutendeka: Kutegeka ku nkola ekkiriza ebiregirwamu si ggwanga lyokka naye era n'ebya bulijjo. Ng'ekyokulabirako, mu New York, abamaneja bateekwa okutendekebwa ku mitindo gya NYSHRL egigazi.
  • Enzivvuunuzi z'ekiwandikiro [[FOLT:0] Empuku ezimu ziba zeetaagisa abakozesa okugoberera enkola ez'enjawulo ez'okunoonyereza okw'okwemulugunya, nga mwe muli n'amadaala agawerebwa n'okugaba ebisabibwa nga biwandiikibwa mu bufunze obw'ebigenda mu maaso.
  • [[AK'AWULA:0] Okutereka obukwafu obuli mu nkola:[[KALALA:1] Ebisaanyizo ku fayiro z'abakozi byetaatereka bya njawulo; ebiwandikiro ebimu bikuuma empandika ez'ekiseera omulimu we gukoma era n'ekiseera ekiteeseteeberezebwa nga biweddeko.
  • Ekiragiro kino kikebera ebifa ku kampuni. Kampuni gy'ebaamu kikakasa nti omulimu ogukolebwa, okukuzibwa ku mulimu, n'okukoma ku kugikomya biteekwa kutuukana n'omusingi oguragiddwa mu budde obw'enjawulo.

Abakozesa era basaanidde okukimanya nti ebitongole ebifuga obutafuna lukunkumuli lwokka bitera okuba n'amannya agatali gamu. Ng'ekyokulabirako, ekitongole kya New York State Division of Human Rights ne California Civil Rights ekitongole ekikola ku ddembe ly'obuntu (yaliwo DFEH) kyangu okunoonyereza n'okunoonyereza ku nsonga, oluusi nga tewali w'omukozi w'abeemulugunya.

Ebiyamba Abakozi

Bw’oba olowooza nti oyise mu mbeera egezesa emyaka gyo, amateeka g’ensi osaanidde okusooka okugategeera nga tonnasalawo kukola bintu bino wammanga:

  1. [[Akawayiro:0] Ak'oteekako buli kimu:[[FULT:1] Teekawo ebyo ebiba biwandiikiddwa, ebimenyedwa mu ngeri etali ya bulijjo, n'ebyo byonna ebikolebwa okusobola okutegeeza abawandiike enneeyisa yabyo.
  2. Kebera engeri gye wakwatibwako: Sseebossion singa embeera yo ekuuma abakozi abali wansi wa 40 (abakozesa abali wansi wa 40), oba singa ebaako akawayiro akalala konna ke bakwata ku by'okugook'okugaba. Enneeoc.EEEOC y'emu n'ekifo kyayo eky'emboozi) ewandikiddewo ebikwata ku mbeera z'ensi.
  3. [[NTANDIKA:0] Fayiro erimu ekitongole ekitereezebwa enkola eno:[ Mu nsi endala, kiyinza okukwetaagisa okusooka okukulembera fayiro n'ekitongole ekyo. Okusaawamu n'ekyuma EEOC mu kiseera kye kimu kiyinza okuwanirira byewandisizza ate ne kitandika omulimu gwa gavumenti.
  4. [[AKM:0] Kkomo omukungu wa gavumenti:[[AK'OKUKOLA] Amateeka agakwata ku mirimu mangi nnyo era galimu emitego mingi egikwata ku kusosola okw'omulembe. Omuwaabi amanyi amateeka ag'ensi n'ag'eggwanga asobola okutegeeza ebinaasinga okukozesebwa mu kunoonya omulimu.
  5. [[Act:0] Ebitundu ebiyinza okuvaamu enva zokka: Mu biwandikiro nga California oba New York, oyinza okuba n'etteeka erikukugira n'okubaako kkomo erisingako n'enkola ey'okuyingira mu kika ky'ekika kya yo, ne kikunyweza.

Ku luuyi olulala, bw’oba ng’oli mu mbeera eteriimu bukuumi bumala (ng’ekyokulabirako, Texas, Georgia, Florida), olina okwegendereza okulaba obanga ensonga eyo tekutuukirizibwa mu kiseera ekigereke era n’olowooza ku ngeri gye tuyinza okugitwalamu nga tusinziira ku ndowooza endala (ng’okwesasuza oba ku nkola ya kampuni).

Amateeka Agakwata ku Busosoze mu Myaka

Obusosoze mu myaka bweyongera bweyongezi mu ngeri eyayawukanira ddala ku nsi:

  • Eggwanga eririna amakwafu kweyanjula ' Ebitundu ebifuga enfuga n'ebya bulijjo binoonya amateeka agayinza okuwerebwa oba agayinza okuwerebwako obutundutundu. Gye buvuddeko awo, Michigan, Colorado, ne Oregon gayungiddewo amateeka gaazo.
  • [[Act:0] Enkyukakyuka ez'omu nviromenti: Enzivvuunuzi ey'okukweka emirimu egikolebwawo egitali gimu etegekeddwa mu kakiiko akategese okukomyawo ekiba kitegekeddwa okuzza obutuuti obwa 'PURC' ne kiryoka kikakasa nti “akakwakkulizo tekannayita." kakyamala kukolebwa, naye kakyakola.
  • [[NKULA:0] Obusosoze mu bitundu bya AIGU:[ Abakozesa bwe beeyongera okukozesa AI mu kuwandiisa n'okutumbula emirimu, obusosoze mu myaka bufuuka bwa maawundike. EEOC era n'ebitongole ebimu bitaddewo amateeka agakwata ku kusalawo emirimu egikolebwa ku mukozi.
  • [[Act:0] Kampanyi eziyinza okukola: ne bannabizineesi abali ewala, ekibuuzo ku mateeka ga gavumenti kiyinza okuzibuwalirwa. Okutwalira awamu, etteeka ly'omukoza gy'afuga, naye kino kiyinza okutaataaganya abakozesa abali mu bibinja by'eggwanga lyonna.

Okutuukana n'ebigenda mu maaso ku nkola eno kikulu nnyo eri omukozi n'abakozesa. Ebiwandiiko ebifuga okukyusizaamu mu by'omu mateeka biva ku [[:0]EOC[[OLT:1] oba ekitongole ekikolera ku mulimu kiyinza okuyamba.

fundikira

Wadde nga ADEA y'ewa obusosoze obw'emyaka obutono ennyo ku abo abafuna obusosoze mu Amereka, obuwangwa obutonotono obuba busobola okukendeezebwa ku busosoze obw'emyaka, nga buno bwe butamanyibwa nnyo ku abo abakyali abato okukola omulimu. Wabula eddembe lyo okusingira ddala lyesigamye ku kifo we weebali era ku mulimu. omuwendo gwa gavumenti nga California, New York, ne Massachusetts ziwa bukuumi bwa maanyi, ne ku ddagala eringi. Abalala, nga Texas, Georgia, ne Florida, tewabulako bukuumi bwa maanyi oba obusingako.

Abakozesa kibeetaagisa okukola entegeka ey'obwegendereza, naddala ku mirimu egikolebwa mu nsi ez'enjawulo. Abakozi balaga nti kikulu nnyo okumanya amateeka ag'omu kitundu era n'okukola mu bwangu. Ekiragiro kino bwe kigenda kikolebwa ku mitendera gy'eggwanga ne ssemateeka, enkola y'okusosola okw'emyaka gye gikoma kujja kweyongera buzibu. Abakozesa okumanyisa abantu bye bawandisizza mu nfuna ez'obwesige nga AAARP[[FLT] era ne Nolo Kiyinza okukuyamba okuyita mu kifo kino ekigenyiriraanyi.

Okutegeera obulungi engeri amateeka gye gakuumamu abantu mu kiseera eky’obukulu oba ku mirimu gyo, kikusobozesa okuba omuwulize.