Endowooza Entuufu Ekwata ku Bulamu mu Buyindi: Obulagirizi bw’Eby’Omu mateeka Obukwata ku Bukulembeze

Environments Assessments (EIA) zikiikirira enkola ey'okumanyisa obulungi embeera y'obutunzi mu Buyindi, nga zikola ng'enteekateeka ey'okwekenneenya ebiyinza okuva mu ebyo ebiteesookebwa nga tebinnakkirizibwa. Okuva okuteekebwawo kwa Environment Protection Act mu 1986, sistemu y'enteekateeka ereesitemu ereezeezebwa okusobozesa okumanyisa obulungi eby'enfuna n'enkula y'ezo ez'obutonde. Abakulembezza eby'ekitongole kya ICewandikiro, abakola eby'okulongoosa enkola n'ebteeka mu nkola y'ebiwandiiko, n'okugobereza ebiwandiiko ebigoberera enkola ya II nga bwe biri, ekintu eky'ensonga enkulu ennyo. Ekitundu kino kiwanjula ensensessssoosoosoosa enjhee , n'obuvunaanyizibwa obw'enkola ya Buyindi, era n'okugobeethe.

EKIYAMBA Omuntu okuva mu Mateeka nga bwe kyali mu Buyindi

Ekitongole ekikola ku mbeera z'obutonde n'okuteekawo eby'okuteeka mu nkola enkola eyo. Mu kakiiko akayitibwa Epa, gavumenti ekola enteekateeka ey'okukuuma obutonde bwonna mu kifo eky'ekika kya EPA, ewagidde enteekateeka y'okuteekawo enkola y'okufuga environmental Impact Assesmentsmentsmentsments mu Buyindi, era nga kiri ku kitongole ekikola ku ngeri ekyetaagisa okukuuma n'okulongoosa embeera z'obutonde, nga mw'otwalidde n'okussaawo emitindo egikwata ku ku butonde bw'obutonde bw'ensi, n'okuteeka ku nkola ebitongole ebizikwata ku nkulabirwamu. Mukitundu 3 ekya EPACC'ekitongole ekikola enteekateeka y'okuteeka mu nkola enteekateeka eno.

Act, 1986

Ekiragiro kino kisobozesa gavumenti enzivuunula y'amateeka agafuga ebiwandiiko ebikola ebintu nga EPA, era kisobozesa gavumenti okutegeka eb'obuyinza obunene okutegeka enkola esobozesa eb'obutonde okutonoonebwa. Mu kiseera kya EPA, Ekitundu 6 eky'amateeka aga EPA kikkirizibwa okussaawo amateeka agakwata ku ngeri y'okukwatamu n'okukuuma obutonde. Gavumenti eno esobozesa etteeka erifuga ebweru okuteeka mu nkola ez'obutonde n'okukuuma ebweru okusobola okuzirinda ebizitoneze. Gavumenti eno esobozesa enkola e EIA, esobozesa enkola eyo okumanyibwa mu ngeri ennee, mu ngeri y'okumenya ebweru, okusibibwa mu myaka musanvu, okukyungizibwa kw'ebbula enka.

Okumanya, 2006

Mu 2006, ekitongole ekifuga environmental Assession Treasurence, ekyafulumizibwa wansi wa EPA, kye kikozesa ekikulu eky'okugoosa EI nga bwe kyali mu Buyindi. Yawanyisa ettuuti mu 1994 era n'etandikawo enkola ey'okumanyisa esingawo obulungi, ey'ekiseera. Mu 2006, ekiragiro kyatandika ekikola ebiwandiiko [1] ne [[FLT][FLT][FLT][3] nga kyesigamye ku ku kukwata ku nkyukakyuka y'obutonde bw'ensi. , ebikoleebye nga ebikujjulo, ebimera ebinene, amaanyi, n'ebifo ebikulu ebikolebwa mu mu mu lubala, bye byetaaga okumanyibwa okuva mu gavumenti ey'ensukko (EC) mu bitundu ebirala ebiva mu ggwanga erimu ne mu bigo ebirala ebigwa mu ggwanga erimu. Medicero ebirala ebiva mu ebikozesebwa mu n'ebitundu bya ESCCCCCCCC. projectived Revices produces progreasement

Mu 2006, wazzewo enkyukakyuka nnyingi nga mw'otwalidde n'enkyukakyuka mu 2009, mu 2013, ne 2016. Ebyo bye byakolebwa okusobola okuleetawo enkyukakyuka ez'enjawulo, era byatandika okuteekateeka enkola ez'okulambula ebifa ku nkomerero y'ekitangaala, era ne bigezaako okusengeka enkola y'omulimu. Kampuni eyo era n'eraga emirimu egikulembeddwa mu Steinsula, ebitundu nga ebikumbo, amanda, ebisenge by'omugga, ebikumbo, n'ebifo bya bya makolero. Ng'ekyokulabirako, eby'okusima amanda agakolera ku makolero agamu waggulu ku bitundu ebimu bireetebwa ekiti kya A, ate nga bromu ebya shwidiyo ne bbosi ebirala bigwa wansi w'ekidindiro kya B.

Obulagirizi Obulala Obwetaagisa obw’Eby’Eby’Obutonde

Wadde ng'ekitangaala EPA ne EIA kiyitiddwa, amateeka amalala agawerako gakwatagana ne EIA. Forest Conservation Act, 1980 y'ekwetaagisa okusooka gavumenti ey'omu masekkati okukkirizibwa okutegeka ebifo ebirala mu bifo ebitali bya byago. Ekiragiro kino kyetaagisa ebsitekiti ez'okumanyisa obutonde mu bifo ebya waggulu. , ekiragiro eky'okuteeka amateeka ku mirimu gy'eggwanga okumpi ne ebisolo, 1972 kikugira okugyawulibwawo okuva ku National Board for Wildlife (NWL) mu mirimu 10 ku kiromita nga biri ku nsonga ezo. Enkula y'okukkula y'ebifo bya Buddembe (CRFORZ), ebiwera 201919 ekiragira emirimu ku nnyanja za India era nga zeetaaga okumanyira mu bifo ebyawugattirwamu mu bifo ebya waggulu mu bitundu bya CRZ.

Ebisengeke by’EKIIA mu Mateeka g’Abayindi

Mu 2006, omulimu gw'okutegeeza EIA gukolebwa mu ngeri egoberera enkola y'enkola eyagobererwa, nga buli emu erimu ebisaanyizo by'amateeka n'ennyiriri ezigoberera ekiseera. Kino kikolebwa okulaba nti omuntu afuna ebiseera ebimala okumaliriza omulimu gw'omulimu gw'ekitongole kino nga kiguwandikiddwa.

Olutimbe

Ekiragiro kino kisalawo ekifo kino. Ekiragiro kino kisalawo ekifo kino nga kikebera EIA, era bwe kiba nga kyetaagisa, obungi bw'ebikolebwawo. , ekikola ku buli kiwandikiro EAC, ebikolebwa mu CYC bwe biba nga bitegekebwa mu kiwandikiro 'EAC', device' kisalawo ekifo kino. Ekiragiro kino tekirina kukebera kifo kino. Kyokka, omutemwa gw'omulimu okugukolako gulina okukebera ekifo kino, ekiwerebwawo, n'ebiyinza okuguwayitibwa ne kiremedwa okulaba olukalala oluli mu URI EIA. Singa abajulizi b'omulimu guba gulina enzijjuvu eteekwa okukiikizidwa mu bujjuvu, era n'obubonero obusobola okubuwandikidwa mu namu ku kigero ekikolebwamu mu namu. Okusinziira ku ku ekyo, ekyungi ennyo ebizikimu mu bitundu ebisengekeerwa essawo, ne mu ttaka ne mu k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k'eeeba.

Okusika

Scoping is the phase where the key environmental issues to be studied during the EIA are identified. The project proponent submits a Form 1, which provides basic information about the project, along with a draft Terms of Reference (ToR). The EAC or SEAC reviews the ToR and finalizes the scope of the EIA study. The scoping exercise considers aspects such as air quality, water resources, biodiversity, soil, noise, and socio-economic impacts. The scoping document may also specify the need for specific studies, such as a risk assessment for hazardous industries or a wildlife impact assessment near protected areas. The scoping process is critical because it determines the breadth and depth of the subsequent EIA report. In practice, scoping has been criticized for being too generic, with ToRs often adopted from similar projects rather than tailored to local conditions.

Nga Mteekateeka Lipoota y’EIA

Lipoota ya EIA ye kiwandiiko ekikulu ekiraga ebyo ebizuuliddwa mu kunoonyereza okw'obutonde. Alipoota eyo eteekwa okukolebwa omukugu omuwa obulagirizi mu bitongole ebikola emboozi. Alipoota era erimu okunnyonnyola okusaasaana kw'omulimu, ettaka, n'ebintu ebirala ebibeera mu bitonde eby'enjawulo, ebilagibwa, ebipimo, ebipimo, n'ebiwandiiko eby'ebiragibwa nti birina okukolebwa, n'okuteekateeka enkola ey'obutonde bw'obutonde bw'ensi (EMP). Lipooti eyo era ewandikibwe ku nsonga eziba ziteekeddwawo mu kwekereza, era eteekamu ebbenefit'efittut'eting. Okunoonyereza okw'ekifo ekikolebwa mu disitulikiti A kulina okwekereza ebintu ebina eby'okukebera ebikolebwa mu bbanga eriragiddwa mu mbeera z'ebyakero. Okunoonyereza ku nsonga za EC kukolebwa mu bungi bwa 'F'osettence'ose okusobozesa okulongoosebwa okulongoosebwa okukyula ebikolebwamu okukyula ebikolebwamu.

Ebbaluwa Zoogera ku Bulabi

Okugenda okulaba ebiwandikiro kisobozesa okulambula abo abakwatibwako. Mu 2006, mu nteekateeka zonna ez'ekitongole A ne thikit B1, ewa kaweefube asobozesa abantu okukebera ebizimbe n'eby'obukuumi ebirala ebizingirwa mu kwerwanako oba ebifo ebiri ku nsalo. Okunoonyereza kulimu ebitundu bibiri: okuwulizibwa kwa bantu bonna okwakolebwa gavumenti (SPPmoustic Control Board) oba Administration, era n'okuweebwa obuwulize okuva ku bantu bonna. Omuntu akolera ku nteekateeka eno alina okutegeeza EIA mu Lungereza ne mu bitundu by'ensalo. Omuntu alina okutegeeza abantu nti Olungereza kimala ennaku nga 30 nga tekuwuliriza. Okuwulira okwo kuteekwa okukolebwa mu bitundu ebikoseddwawo, ne mu biba bya kampuni ku mikutu gy'obujjanja mu n'ebyunyinyinyi, era ne ku bwongobe. obuvunaanyizibwa obw'okunoonyereza ku ku ku nsonga ezisinga okumanyibwa mu mukibwa kwa B. lipoota 2020, okubaamu eby'okunoonyereza okumanyisa okumanyisa.

Okukola ogw'okusalawo

Ekiragiro kino kisalawo ku ngeri gye kisalawo ku nsonga z'okukikolako. Kkooti enoonya alipoota y'e EIA ey'okunoonyereza oba ey'okunoonyereza kwa bantu bonna. Akakiiko keekenneenya obanga omulimu ogwo gukwatagana n'emitindo gy'obutonde era oba nga gulina emitindo egimala. Akakiiko kayinza okunoonya okulongoosebwa, okuteekateeka okuteekateeka omulimu. K'ebiwandiiko kino kinoonya enkyukakyuka mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, oba okugusobozesa okukola enkyukakyuka mu ngeri y'omulimu. Okusinziira ku ngeri y'okugunoonyereza, akakiiko ke kasalawo ku bannaaweredde ab'obuyinza (MoEFCC for diation A, SEA for the Secioce Bidium for thibwe. Enkola eyo eyinza okukolebwa oba okugaana oba okugaana okukmanya enzivvuunuzi mu kiseera eky'okumanyira enkaluunya, singa omulimu guba gulina okukolebwa mu kiseera eky'okukyungiza ense. Enna y'ebigezo ebibadde ebijulirwamu, ebisabirira mu maaso eby'okugigima. Ebijuli ebibadde bitegeke,

Okukendeeza ku bugazi obw'ebifo mu budde

Ekiragiro bwe kimala okumanyisa okukolebwa, omuwagizi w'ekitongole kino akakasibwa okukola ku mbeera eziragiddwa mu nkola y'ekitongole ekirongoose. Okukebera okuva ku makya kuzingiramu okuwaayo alipoota ez'oku mulembe eri pulogulamu. Okunoonyereza okwo kukwetaagisa nti buli kaweefube yenna asobozesa obutonde okugonjoolera eb'obutonde bw'ensi yonna okuweebwa lipoota. Okukebera okusobola okukakasa nti obuwagizi obwa bulijjo bulina okukkirizibwa. Ekiragiro kya 'MoFCCCC' kissaawo alipoota eziva ku lukalala ezigendera ku web'awulu, ekitongole ekitegeka entekongo (EcMS), nga kisobozesa okuteeka amawulire ag'okugobererwa ku n'okugonjooka okw'ebisale by'omu n'ebyumaumaumauma ebisala, ebirongookebwa mu ngeri ey'enkola mu ngeri ey'enkola ya EPA. Mu nsonga ezisinga obungi, ekitongole ebimanyiddwa eby'okuva mu n'okuva mu n'okukyungibwa kkomo ekyo bifulumya.

Eddembe n’Obuvunaanyizibwa mu Kkubo ly’EKIA mu Mateeka

EKY'OKUGAMBA nti e EIA ewa abo abalina obwetaavu obw'enjawulo eddembe n'obuvunaanyizibwa.

Obuvunaanyizibwa bw’Abawagira Programu

Abawagizi ba Project, ka babe nga bamemba oba batongole ba gavumenti, balina obuvunaanyizibwa obw'okukulembera abawi b'amagezi mu EIA. Bateekwa okukakasa nti ebibawerebwa byonna bibawa obulagirizi obwa nnamaddala. Oyo awagira enteekateeka eno alina okwolekagana n'ebbeeyi z'okunoonyereza okw'omu EIA. Era balina okumanyisa abantu ebizingirwamu era n'okuddaabiriza ebibakwatako mu kiseera kya masaza. Okulemererwa okutuukiriza obuvunaanyizibwa obwo kiyinza okuviirako okugaana enkola eno, enzikkiriza okumalirira, okuggyawo, okukkutaanya, n'okubonerebwa. Ate era, omuwagizi w'ebyo ebibakwatako, oba okubutuukiriza ebibakwatako.

Obusobozi bw’Ebibinja by’Ennansi n’eby’Eby’Obutonde

Mu nteekateeka ya EIA, 2005, buli mutuuze asobola okuteeka ebiwandiiko ebikwata ku EIA, nga mw'otwalidde ne alipoota, ebiwandiikiddwa ku bawuliriza, n'okusalawo okw'okuddaabiriza. Mu 2006, ekiragiro kiwa abantu bonna olukusa okugenda ku EIA okumala ennaku 30 nga tekunnabaawo luwuliriza. Ebibinja by'egyennyingo n'abantu kinnoomu basobola okuteeka mu buwandiike obwa bulijjo obwa bulijjo obwa bulijjo era ne babaako bye bawandiika. Era balina obuvunaanyizibwa obw'okusoomooza ensala y'enkola mu ku nsonga ezikwata ku ddembe mu ggwanga eriyitibwa Green Tribal (NT) oba ku kkooti enkulu eyita mu kifo kya gavumenti esobola okumanyibwa mu kkooti. . Ebibiina by'obutonde bisobola okumanyisa obwenkanya obutonde, ebiba bikkirizibwa mu ngeri egobeetaagisa oba ey'okumenya amateeka mu ngeri egobeetaagobeetaago mu kifo ky'okumenya amateeka mu kifo eky'okumenya amateeka mu kifo eky'okumenyala akazuulibwa mu kifo eky'omutirtoo kufuluma.

Ekizimbe Ekya Kkomero Erimu Ebitundu Ebirala eby’Omunda

Akakiiko akaateekebwawo mu nkola y'ekitongole ekiyitibwa Green Tribunal Act, aka 2010, kalina obuyinza ku nsonga ezikwata ku mateeka gamba nga EPA, Forest Conservation Act, ne Wildlife Protection Act. Akakiiko kano kayinza okukateeka wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku EIA okugonjoola ebizibu by'obutonde era kalina amaanyi agasobozesa okugonjoola ebizibu ebireetebwawo. Olukiiko olwo lwoleka amateeka agakwata ku bwenkanya era terulina kakwate ku mateeka ga ngeri y'obwenkanya.

Ebizze Bibaawo Gye buvuddeko awo n’Okugezesebwa Okutagenda mu Maaso

Enkola ya 'Indian EIA' efunye enkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi mu myaka egyakayita, nga kyeyoleka obutategeeragana obw'amaanyi wakati w'obukkufu n'obutebenkevu bw'obutonde. Agumenti eyakolebwa mu Dift EIA 2020 yawa ekiragiro ekya 2020. Abakola ku by'obutonde baagamba nti yanafuya abantu okwenyigira mu nkola y'enkola n'okulabirira omulimu. Wadde nga oluvannyuma baggiddwawo, gavumenti yeeyongedde okuleetawo enkyukakyuka mu nkyukakyuka ezikoleddwa mu nkola eyo.

Enkyukakyuka mu Kibiina n’Enkyukakyuka Ezikolebwa mu Kiseera Kino

Ekiragiro kino kitandisewo enkyukakyuka ez'enjawulo ez'enkola mu nkola eya EIA. sisitemu eya interineti ey'okusobozesa abawagizi okufuna enkola, Parivesh portal, okukkiriza abo abawagizi okufuna enkola, okukulaakulana mu ngeri ey'ennamba ez'enjawulo. Gavumenti era yateekawo ewandikiro eriko essaawa buli mu mutendera: ennaku 60 ez'okumanyisa ekiragiro n'ennaku 15. Mu 20222, obuweereza butandikawo enkola ya "Foromance" mu bya byamakolero, ebikolerwawo bya bya bya bya byamakolero, ebikolerwako, ebiko, n'ebimera, n'ebikolerwako ku n'ebifo ebikolebwako. Enkyukakyuka zino zikola okukendeeza ku n'okutumbula obuteeyambisibwa mu n'okulongoosa. Kyokka, mu ngeri eyo, mu ngeri ey'okusengekeeyambisibwa mu n'okusengekeeyambisibwa mu kifo eky'okusengeesaamu ebitongole eby'ebitongole eby'okumanyisabirira ku n'ebitongole ebiva mu kifo kya lokale.

Obuzibu Obutera Okubaawo mu Kutuukiriza Bye Tuyiga

Wadde nga wabaddewo enkyukakyuka mu nkola z'enkola, enkola ya EIA eyolekagana n'okusoomooza okutali kumu okutaasa mu nkola ya yo. Ekimu ku bizibu ebikulu kye kivudde ku birengo bya EIA. Okunoonyereza kulaga nti alipoota nnyingi zirina data etali nfuumuulo, teziteekako kabi mu kugasa. Okwesigamya ku nkola ezikolebwa abawabuzi, okugatta awamu n'okugooziganya, okuleetawo okusoomooza okutalimu. Ebiruubirirwa ebirala eby'amaanyi mu nviiri ku bwongo. Ebiruubirirwa bya bannateesite z'eby'eby'obufuzi nabyo nabyo bireesebwa mu nkola y'okwemalirira. Wadde nga eb'ekiseera ekigerekebeesa, tekitera kubuusibwa maaso olw'enkola y'enkola y'enkola ey'enkyukakyuka. A1 mu kiseera ekigeranyookero mu k'ewandikiro, ebireeteeb'ebyo ebireetebwa abantu babadde babadde basuubira ku nkola y'enkyukakyuka ez'ebiteebiwandiiko ebiva mu bitundu ebituufu. ACC2. A1 ba

Omusango n’Ekyakola nga Gano

Omusango ogumu ogw'enkyukakyuka gwakyusa ekifo enzivuunula y'ebifaananyi mu Buyindi. Mu 2012 Lafarge Umaam Miniing Pvt. Ltd. ne Union of India Kkooti enkulu yaggumiza obwetaavu bw'okwekereza n'okuyingiza okujjulula n'okuyingira mu bantu mu nsonga z'ensi. Kkooti era n'eyisangawo omusingi gwa "ssomerorikiti ekiyamba okumanyibwa mu ngeri esobozesa ebifo gye bibeera okumanyibwa. Ate era, mu ngeri endala, enneetegese, ennene, enneempaka y'obudde mu bitundu ebisukka mu 2023, olukalala olwakolebwa mu kisibe eky'omu ttaka oba mu ngeri emenya amateeka. Ekireetera okulagira obujulizi obulungi amateeka okumanyibwa mu nsonga ezimenyeddwa mu mateeka.

Emirimu Egisingayo Obulungi mu Nsi Yonna n’Endowooza z’Obusosoze

Sistemu eya India 'EIA' efaanagana ne sisitemu ez'ensi yonna naye era erina engeri ez'enjawulo. Environmental and Social Formatory's World Bank's (ESTF) esaba ensi okumwewa ensi okukebera ebizikwata ku ntegeka ez'enkambi, nga zissa essira ku ku byongera ku kugikolako. Ekiragiro 'European' Union' efuga ennaawereza obuyinza obw'ensi ez'okukebera ebizigiko omusingi okusinziira ku mitendera egifaananyi egifaananyi egifaananye ne Buyindiya. Kyokka, enjawukana ez'amaanyi ziriwo. Mu 'EUUU, eddembe ly'okukwata ku by'oteekamu eb'obwerundiro, nga liba lya maanyi, nga lizingiramu n'okutuuka ku kutuuka ku ku bikwata ku ku kulaga nkulaago mu ku kukolebwa kw'omugga ogumu ogumu. Ate era ebitongole ebikolebwa mu nsi ebitongole ebitegeke ebitegeke ebitegeke ebitegekedwa mu ngeri y'ebitegekedwa mu mu mu ngeri y'enkola y'omutina ebitegeke

Buyindi esobola okuyigira ku bantu abo ab'enjawulo nga bateekawo enkola mu kifo kya EIA yokka, mu kifo ky'okusobozesa enkola y'ekitongole ekigobererwa obutonde okumanyibwa, era nga kisobozesa abantu okwongera okuseebeesaamu ebibamba byetaagibwa, n'okulongoosa enkola ezisingayo obulungi. Okuteekawo enkola gamba nga SEA mu kuteekateeka n'okufuga emikolo gy'ensi, kuyinza okusobozesa abantu okweyongera okukola obulungi n'okufuga obutonde. EPA ekibuuzo kya gavumenti ekyakaddoosa okwakawo okuzza ebizikwata ku nkula by'enkola eno.

Akawunzi: Ebiseera eby’omu maaso eby’EIA mu Buyindi

Entegeka y'omu Buyindi ey'amateeka erina enkola ey'okumanyira ddala enkola ey'okumanyisa esobola okugobererwa, mu ngeri egoberera enkola y'okuteekawo enkola ey'okuteekawo ebiwandiiko n'obutebenkevu. Enkola y'okwanjula 2006, n'enkola y'okumanya okukolebwa, n'okuteekateeka okusobozesa okusalawo n'okugonjooza. Kyokka, amaanyi ga sisitemu eno gasinziira ku ku kukola enzirukanya y'okutuukiriza obukwanguzi, okusuubira okulangira obulabirizi, n'okunyweza enkola y'eby'enkyukakyuka. Okusoomooza ng'okuteekawo okwo ku buzibu ng'okulwawo n'okulwawo n'okulwawoobw'okutuukiriza ebiwandiiko ebitegekebwa mu ggwanga eri mu Bulaayaaya: ebinoonyezza enneempala y'enkyukakyuka mu ngeri y'enkyukakyuka ez'eby'omulembelembedde, era n'okumanyisa okumanyisa obutuufu okumanyibwa mu ngeri y'okumanyisabiragiramu ey'okumanyisabiragiramu. Ennakulembedde mu ngeri y'okusobozesa