Mu kulonda abatuuze, abajulirwa babuuza abalonde abo bonna ekibuuzo. Wabula, abakungu balonda demokulase okulonda abantu, nga balonda abalondeddwa okulonda abantu. Mu kiseera kyaffe Switzerland etegeeza nti ensi ekozesa empewo z'amateeka, ng'ekola mu by'okunoonyereza okuleetawo enkola ya demokrase demokrase mu ngeri entegekebwa ennyo. Enkola eno ey'okusalawo eby'enkyukakyuka mu byafaayo erina eviira ddala ku bantu. Abatuuze ba Athene ey'edda gye baakuŋŋaanyizidde mu Agora okulonda amateeka. Mu kiseera kyaffe, Switzerland eyimirira mu nsi ekozesa obukiika nga obujulizi, ng'obujulizi obukulembedde obukulembezibwa mu mwaka mungi mu lukalala lwokka, nga kiyimirizibwa mu ngeri y'obusokenkenkevu, era ne mu ngeri endala endala, mu kunoonyereza kwa gavumenti z'ensi mu magye. Okukumbula obutongole bw'obukulembeze n'obukulembeze bw'obukulembeze bwa gavumenti bwa Bunnakyefunze, byonna buwandikibwa mu magyuganyunzivuulidde mu magye

Eddembe ly’Okwesasuza Kye Ki?

Alonkendum kye kalulu akalaga obulango obutereevu obukkirizibwa okulonda oba obutakkiriza ekiteeso oba amateeka agamu. Ekigambo ekyo kitera okugattika "plebistia," wadde nga bannabyabufuzi abamu bakyawulamu okusinziira ku ndukusa ezaasooka: plebissancessssss bikozesebwa nnyo mu kubuuza obanga eggwanga lirina ku bufunze oba ku nkyukakyuka mu bitundu, ate nga bo bannaandiikinnyi bassa mu nsonga ezikwata ku mateeka oba amateeka. Referendendisumms zikontana n'ebyo ebiteeteeka abatuuze abatuuze abawa gavumenti mu mateeka, era ne bajjuukidde omukungu alondeddwa ku kifo kyabwe nga tekinnaggwa.

Endowooza enkulu nnyangu okutegeera: mu kifo eky'okuleka ababaka okusalawo butereevu. Kyokka, abakozesa baawukana mu nsi zonna n'ebitundu ebifuga enfuga zaamu. Obutundu obumu bwa drikiti butegeeza nti, gavumenti eteekwa okuteekawo enkola; ebirala biteekwa okukolebwako nga , nga bituukiriza endowooza ya bonna nti palamenti esobola okugobererwa. Ekitongole ky'amateeka kisalawo obanga ekisinziirwako kiba kiragiddwa oba nga waliwo enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa (mu mateeka) oba nga kikolebwa nga keeko awbooze).

Ebika by’Enkola ya Leferendendom

Okutegeera ebifa ku bintu bino kiyamba okumanyira ddala obulungi ebifo eby’enjawulo ebiba bikoleddwa mu nkola z’eby’obufuzi ez’enjawulo.

  • [[NKULULA] Ebiva mu kusengeka enzijjuvu:[[FULT:1] Kino kitegeeza nti gavumenti erina okuleetera ebiva mu kukyusa ebiva mu mateeka mu Ireland oba mu Bume bwa Bumeedi mu Bungereza (mu mateeka kikwata ku by'obufuzi naye nga mulina okubaako kye kikola).
  • [[Act:0]] Advisory Referentums: Akavooti tekagaana; amateeka aga gavumenti kwe ziwerezaamu. Ng'ekyokulabirako, mu 2011, Kingdom yalina enkola etakkiriza kukolera ku nkola ya Vote ekkirizibwa mu kifo ekirala.
  • [[NT:0] Ekiragiro ekifuga enviromenti kiteekwa okukkirizibwa okukkirizibwa okukkirizibwa okukkirizibwa mu ssemateeka awalala. Ensi nnyingi nga Australia ne Denmark, ziragira aspendium okusobola okukola enkyuuka y'amateeka.
  • [[AK'AMUTANDIKA]] Ekirango eky'okukyusaamu mu ngeri egoberera amateeka agatali gagobererwa sooti. Ebika ebimu eby'omu Switzerland byetaaga enfugero ku mateeka agamu.
  • [[AK'AMUTANDIKA] Ekiragiro ekiwandikiro oba omutwe oba 'FOMA] Biwandikidwa omutuuze mu ngeri ey'okukikaka okulonda. Mu Switzerland, sigi 50,000 zisobola okukaka akalulu ku mateeka agafuga ensi.
  • [[NKUMBO] Empeeralatemya:[[-DDA] amateeka bwe gaba nga galina bye gasalawo, gamba nga okukyusa tteeka erya jirikiti oba okwegatta ku ntegeka ey'ensi yonna.

Ebibinja bino bitera okukolagana; ng'ekyokulabirako, amateeka agafuga amateeka gasaze era gakola buli ssemateeka.

Obukulu bw’Okuddira Obuddukiro mu Ddiini

Abawagizi ba demokulase bagamba nti okukomya alipoota ku kkoyiro kisobozesa abatuuze okwongera obunene okwenyigira mu nkola za demokulase, okuvunaanibwa n'okutongozebwa mu mateeka. Bwe bataba na buyinza bwa bannabyabufuzi nga bannabyabufuzi bokka.[1] Bwe basalawo nga bagenda mu lutalo, nga bakyusa enkola y'okulonda oba nga bakyusa eddembe erya demokulase, akantu akakulu ke kayinza okukakasa nti okusalawo okwo kulaga ekyo ekiganzi, so si kye baagaliza abafuzi oba kye basalawo.

Okwenyigira mu Butuuze n’Okumanya eby’Eby’obufuzi

Erasemba okusobola okukola abalonde mu ngeri gye batatera kulondamu. Kampeyini ezikolebwa mu bifo ebitali bimu zireetawo okukuba obukugu mu bantu okuwakana, okusaasaanya amawulire, n'okusaasaanya obubaka. Bannabyabufuzi bakubirizibwa okuyiga ebikwata ku nsonga ze bayinza okubuusa amaaso, gamba ng'amateeka, enkola, oba amateeka agakwata ku nkola y'obusuubuzi. Okusinziira ku ndowooza eyo, okusobozesa kaweefube w'okulonda. Okunoonyereza kukolebwa ku kaweefube ow'okukuba akalulu kuyinza okuleetera abantu okweyongera okumanya n'okusikiriza, naddala mu bavvugibwa abateebwa.

Obukulembeze n’Obwesige

Okusalawo abantu kwe basalawo butereevu kukwata ku nkola za demokulase. Gavumenti bw'eteekawo enkola eyagootaanya oluvannyuma lw'okukuba akasawo, kuyinza okutegeeza obuyinza obugaanibwa era n'okuggyawo ebyawaayirizibwa ku bulyi bw'obufuzi obwa bannakyewa. Kino kiyinza okunyweza obwesige bwa bantu mu ntegeka y'eby'obufuzi, naddala mu nsi eziyinza okuteeka obwesige mu bibiina ebikoleramu abakwasikiro mu ntebe y'emba. Ng'ekyokulabirako, endagaano eya 1998 Belfast (Gootetee Desert) mu Northern Ireland yakkirizibwa nga bawandisizza obujulizi ku n'ebitundu byombi eby'ensalo, nga b'emirembe egigyana okukkirizibwa okuwanirira emirembe.

Okuvunaanibwa Gavumenti

Gavumenti bw'ewa akawere enzivuunula y'ensonga lwaki abalonde batwala obululu okuba obwa waggulu oba obwobulimba, akataagibwa kakkiriza abantu okubuteeka mu kifo kyayo. Kino kikwata nnyo ku nsonga ezikwata ku ntegeka z'enkola z'enfuze oba enfuze. Mu Switzerland, akalulu kasalawo kateesiteesi kayinza okukugira ennyo abantu: etteeka lyonna eriyisibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga liyinza okuwerebwa abantu nga tebannakituukiriza. Ekiragiro kino kisobozesa abawandiisi okusuubira enkola era n'okukolera amateeka agakkirizibwa.

Engeri y’Okukubirizaamu Ekijjukizo

Okusobola okudduka mu pulogulamu ekkirizibwa, kyetaagisa okuteekateeka obulungi, okussaawo amateeka amatuufu, era n'okutuukiriza obulungi enkola eyo.

Okutuukiriza Etteeka era n’Eby’Omu Mateeka

Ekisookera ddala kwe kunnyonnyola ensonga ereetebwawo n'okugikolako. Ekibuuzo kino kiyinza okugobererwa; wadde enkyukakyuka entono ziyinza okugobererwa. Gavumenti zitera okutuukirira abakugu mu by'amateeka, ensalo z'amateeka, oba abalonde okukakasa nti ekibuuzo kivumiddwa bulungi, tekiliiko kye kiragibwa, era nti kikkirizibwa mu mateeka. Mu bitundu ebimu, ebibuuzo ebiwerako bigattidwa, ne bireetawo akalulu. Ekikolwa ekisinga okukkirizibwa kiwabula ekibuuzo kimu.

Ng’ekyokulabirako, kkooti enkulu mu Australia enoonyereza ku ngeri amateeka gye gaayisibwamu okusobola okukakasa nti gatuukana n’amateeka.

Kampuni Ekwata ku Butonde n’Eby’Obumanyirivu

Ekiragiro bwe kitandika okulanga kampeyini. Kaweefube akolebwa ab'obuyinza okuva ku kampeyini "yes" ne "no" zitera okugattibwako ebibiina by'eby'obufuzi, n'ebibiina bya bantu. Enkaayana eziba zigoberera nnyo amateeka agakwata ku by'embalirira. Singa oludda olumu lusalawo olusinga okuggya ku lulala, luyinza okunyoolamya ekiva mu kusalawo era ne lunyoola ensonga.

Ate era, Switzerland afulumya akatabo akasobozesa buli kalulu, ne kabuuti, ne kampuni ezikozesa Intaneeti okulonda abantu, era ne kannyonnyola ensonga lwaki waliwo ensonga ezitali zimu.

Engeri Ebitundu Ebigenda Okukula gye Bikulamu

Okulonda mu byamaguzi kiteekwa okuleetera abakuba obukujjukujju, obukuumi, n'obuwanguzi ku bintu ebirala. Ebitabo bisobola okukolebwa mu bantu ku leediyo ez'okukebera ebifa ku siteegibwa, oba ku mabaluwa, okusinziira ku ggwanga. Okulonda mu politiki okw'amabaluwa kya bulijjo mu Switzerland ne mu bitundu ebimu eby'Amerika.

Omuwendo gw'abantu abakuba akalulu gulagirwa ab'obuyinza abakola eby'okulonda bokka okusobola okukakasa obutuufu bw'ebyo ebiba bitegekeddwa.

Ebikolwa eby'okusindikateka

Oluvannyuma lw'okulangirirwa, gavumenti eteekwa okubaako ky'ekola. Okutuukiriza ekiragiro nga kya gramufomu, kiba kyetaagisa //okuteekawo amateeka agateebwa oba agagaanibwa. Advisory testendums ewa amagezi naye okusalawo okutuufu kuyinza okwonoona obwesige bw'eby'obufuzi. Emirundi egimu, akakwate kalina okugobererwa okuwakana mu nkola z'amateeka. Ng'ekyokulabirako, oluvannyuma lwa 2016 Brexit endendamu, Palamenti ya UK emaze emyaka mingi nga tessawaba kusalawo kukwata ku by'enkola.

Okusoomooza n’Okuvumirira Okunenyezebwa

Okutegeera obunafu obwo kikulu nnyo okusobola okumanya obanga bukola bulungi era n’okukola enkyukakyuka eziyinza okukendeeza ku kabi akali mu kusalawo.

Obukuubagano n’Ebikwata ku Magezi

Ekiragiro kino kibuuza ebibuuzo ebikwata ku nsonga eziteeberezebwa ennyo nga byogera ku bintu ebya tekinologiya ebya bulijjo, enkola y'eby'enfuna, endagaano ez'ensi yonna. Omululu ayinza obutafuna biseera na bumanyirivu okusobola okutegeera ebizingirwamu. Kino kiyinza okuviirako okusalawo okusinziira ku nnyimirira, obwesigwa mu bibiina, oba okubuzaabuza abanywi b'emisingirimu mu kifo ky'okusalirawo omusango. Ng'ekyokulabirako, mu 2014 Escopic entencementum y'ensonga ez'okwemalirira, en'obumu ku EU, ne ku ssente ezifunibwa amafuta abakugunja abakugu mu nsi ze baagezaako okuteeyisa mu ngeri eyesigika.

Obulimba n’Obutamanyisiro

Kaweefube ow'okuyita mu nkola ez'obulimba ku mikutu gya medinal agamba nti: “Kaweefube ow'okuyita mu nkola ez'okusiiga pulogulamu empewo n'eby'okuwuliriza, asobola okubulimba naddala mu kiseera kino. Kaweefube ow'okuyita mu Nsi y'eby'obulamu Brexit yakolebwako ebintu eby'obulimba gamba nga, okuleka EU obukadde 350 buli wiiki mu kifo eky'okufunira obuyambi bwa $350 mu Nsingirwamu y'obulamu bw'eggwanga. Ebirengo ng'ebyo biyinza okuleetera abantu okukuba obululuganyinyisiikiriza n'okuteeka obwesige mu nkola za demokulase. Okukereza n'okulanga ebikolebwako nga n'okulanga ebitongole ebilanga ebirengo, birengo.

Turrout ne Voter tebeefiirayo

Ekiragiro kino kiremesa akawayiro akalonda okutongozebwa. Singa ekiwandikiro kitono nnyo eky'abo abakkirizibwa okulonda, ekivaamu tekiyinza kukiikirira ekyo abantu kye baagala. Emirundi egimu akalulu kakola enteekateeka ku nnaku za hekita eziteeberezebwa okuba nga zisaanira kutuuka ku kiseera. Ng'ekyokulabirako, emitendera egimu mu Amerika giraga nti balondamu bassente eziri wansi wa 20%, nga kireetawo ebibuuzo ebikwata ku nkola ya demokulase.

Obutono bw’Eddembe ly’Abaddu n’Ekyokulabirako ky’Enfuna

demokulase esobola okuvaamu "enkola eya demokulase ey'abasinga obungi," awa akalulu akasinga obungi gye kakugira eddembe ly'abantu abatono. California okugaana 8 (2008) okugattibwa kw'obufumbo obw'ekikula nga obugattiddwa abakungu bannaakyo basinziira ku buwandike. Wadde nga okukuba ekipimo okwo kwagoogerwa oluvannyuma ne kkooti, kwalaga obukulembezi obuli wakati wa demokrase ne amateeka ageezaako. Okukuuma okunoonyereza okw'emisango n'okukwata obugattisezza obusinzidde kyetaagisa okuziyiza obuteesoosa obutuufu obw'ennaanyirizo.

Elite Kubakyusa

Gavumenti n'ebibinja ebiwa obujjanjabi eby'amaanyi biyinza okukozesa akalulu okusobola okutuukiriza ebigendererwa byabwe. Gavumenti eyinza okuyita akalulu okuleetawo okusoomooza okw'amaanyi, okwewala okusalirawo, oba okusemba obukulembeze bwayo. Ng'ekyokulabirako, ebiwandiiko bya pulezidenti Erdogan 2017 mu Butuluuki byavumibwa olw'okuba nga wabaddewo embeera ey'ekikaawuka, era nga mu kaweefube w'eby'empuliziganya tewagirwamu bulungi. Okugobeetaanya okwo kufeebyawo ekisuubizo kya demokulase.

Ebyokulabirako Ebitegeerekeka Okwetooloola Ensi

Okwetegereza embeera eziriwo ku nsi z'omanyi bulungi ebyo ebiyinza okuvaamu singa wabaawo abalaguzi n'abo abakola eby'okukyusaamu mu ngeri gye babadde batunuuliramu ebintu.

Enzivvuunula ya Burexit Referendem (2016)

Nga Jjuuni 23, 2016, kaweefube oyo yaleetawo enjawukana mu ngeri ey'enjawulo mu Bukiiko bwa Bulaaya. Kaweefube oyo yalimu okukuba empaka ku kuyingira mu nsi, obufuzi, n'obuzibu bw'eby'enfuna. Ensolo mu kaweefube era n'okubuulirirwa eby'obulimba byaviirako okusoomooza amateeka n'okubuulizibwa kwa paaliyamenti. Ekyavaamu kyaviirako UK okuteeka UK mu busambattumu emyaka nga mw'ayongera obuwerako obupicwirira, nga mw'otwalidde n'okulonda obululu obw'enjereere, n'okuteesa okukolebwa kw'obusuubuzi. Breanyitootaagootaaz'eby'obutongole bwa Budde bunnassa essira essira yaleetawo akabi mu ku ku keempewo, era n'obuzibu obw'okugobenjereereennyo.

Olufulube olw’Eby’Okwefuga olw’omu Scotland (2014)

Nga Ssebutemba 18, 2014, Scotland yalonda 55.3% oba 44.7% obutafuuka nsi eyeetongodde. Kaweefube oyo yali yeetaagisa nnyo ebyetaago by'eby'enfuna, ssente, ne kaweefube oyo yakolebwa nga 84.6%. Kino kyaviirako obufuzi okusaasaana n'okuva mu Paalimenti y'e Scotland, naye era kyayongera okubeetaasa ebiteesiteezebwa okuleka EU (eno Scotland gye yali enywereddewo). Omuwawawa gwalaga engeri gye enjjulukulwa z'empalo gye ziyinza okuzzaawo enkolagana wakati w'obuwanjufu mu n'ewaawo "no" n'okuwangula, era n'engeri gye ziyinza okusobozesa okuteekawo eb'obufuzi.

Olufulube lw’Abayiri Oluvanyuma (2018)

Ireland yawaayiriza ku Maayi 25, 2018, okuzza obujulizi ku kiwandiiko ekyali kiziyiza okuggyamu embuto mu mbeera nga zonna. Kaweefube oyo yakkirizibwa nga 66.4% era yaggyawo etteeka eryali liteekeddwawo okuva mu 1983. Kaweefube oyo yalagibwa olw'okwenyigira mu kaweefube w'okuwa obujulirwa okuva ku bakazi abaawerebwa. Ekyavaamu kyaviirako okukkirizibwa kw'amateeka agafuga okuggyamu embuto, nga galaga engeri okukyusiza obubonerezo obunene ensonga ez'empisa ez'ennamba ezibakwasibwa abakwasibwa abakwasiddwa. Era kyalaga obukulu bw'okukuba kaweefube n'okuzigizigibwa n'okuva mu nkola ey'okuwerezebwa amakumi g'emyaka.

Abantu b’omu Switzerland Baddamu Okusenguka ku Minarets n’Omukaasa

Mu 2009, abavvuoti baasemba okuwera okuwerebwa kwa politiki mu Switzerland. Mu 2014, abavvuoti baatenda okuwerebwa kw'omulimu gw'okuzimba minarets. Ekipimo kino kiraga nti enkyuuka y'enkola ya demokulase naye nga yagobererwa nga 57.5%. Mu 2014, abavhoota baawereza ekiwandiiko eky'okuzzaawo obutundu bw'abatuuze mu nsi ez'enjawulo obuva mu nsi ez'enjawulo nga bawakanya EU. Obubonero buno bulaga engeri enkyungi bw'ebizingirwamu mu nsi yonna gye biyinza okuvaamu ebizingirwamu n'okuteeka mu nsonga ezikwata ku ddembe okuleetawo ennongooso. Era balaga omulimu gw'enkola ya bannakyerere mu nsi nga bakozesa envirira y'ebitongole.

Bye Tuyinza Okukola Okusobola Okulongoosa mu Ngeri Gye Tukozesaamu Obulungi

Bwe balowooza ku miganyulo n’akabi ebiyinza okuvaamu, abakugu n’abasawo bawa amagezi ku nkyukakyuka ezitali zimu eziyinza okukolebwa mu nkola ya demokulase.

  • [[Act:0] Kino kitegeeza nti ekibuuzo buli kibuuzo kirina okubaamu amakulu agatali gamu.[[NKUMBO:1] Ekibuuzo kino kyandibadde kyangu okubuuza, tekikola ku ludda lwe kituuseeko, era nga tekiliiko ludda lwe kituuseeko. Ekiragiro bwe kibaako akawayiro aka 'consoletion' kisaanidde okukebera ebigambo ebiba binnyonnyolwa obulungi.
  • [[NT:0] Ekirala mu kukyusa ekisookerwako kikozesebwa: Okusobola okukuuma eddembe ly'abantu abatono n'enkyukakyuka eza bulijjo, abamu bagamba nti kyetaagisa okussaawo etteeka erya waggulu (umb. 60% oba okusingawo) erisobola okukyusa amateeka oba eddembe ly'abantu.
  • [[AK'AWULA]][Akampagisa] Final Sarency and Limita: Amateeka ag'okuteeka mu biweebwayo era n'okusaasaanyizawo ebizingirwa mu kuzannyirako, kiyinza n'okukendeeza ku kabi ak'okuba nti abagagga be bafuga emboozi za bonna.
  • [[Akabonero:0] Gavumenti zisaanidde okusemba kaweefube ow'obuyigirize obutagabanyizaamu obutundutundu, nga mwe muli n'obutundu obugamba obugamba obuva ku njuyi zombi n'obwekulembedde.
  • [[Akawayiro:0] Obudde obusinga obungi oba obusing'obwa kisingidwa: Okusalawo okw'amaanyi, enkola ey'ebitundu bibiri (okusooka obuvunaanyizibwa obw'omu misingi, ate n'okuvwooza mu bujjuvu ku nsonga) kusobola okulongoosaamu mu ngeri gye tusalawo.
  • [[Akabonero:0] 'Judicial Review of Immunstly Rights':[[[OKATANDIKA] Kkooti zirina okwejjukanya ebiwandiiko ebiteekebwawo okukakasa nti terimenya mateeka ga mu mateeka oba amateeka agafuga ensi yonna.

Tewali nkyukakyuka n’emu eyinza okugonjoolwa, naye okugatta awamu ebimu ku byo kiyinza okugonjoola obuzibu obusingirayo ddala obw’amaanyi ng’ate kisobozesa omutuuze okubeera n’ensonga z’agoberera mu nkola ya demokulase.

fundikira

Referendoms zikyali mpawa nnyo era nga ziwa akadde okumanyisa obusosoze. Ziyinza okwongera ku busosoze, okusobozesa gavumenti okuba n'ebiruubirirwa eby'enjawulo, era ziyinza okuvunaana gavumenti. Kyokka, obusobozi bwabwe obw'okumenya eddembe ery'enyongeza, era obusobozi bwabwe okumenya ebbeeyi ez'entono. Akakwate ko ku kukozesa emiganyulo nga bateeka essira ku kabi akali mu nteekateeka ez'obusosoze: amateeka amatuufu, obulabisi, obulabisi, obuvvuunulizi, n'obukuumi bw'amateeka. Tekino n'ebyumauma bya bannasayansi bweyongera okumanyisa obuwandiikiziganya okubukozesa obuwandikibwa. Abakwakuliriza, abakola eby'obufuzi, n'obukulembezesitemu bateekwa okugaziwanyisa emisingi egya n'okukakasa obutuufu bw'okumanyisa enkola ya demoseetuka.