Lekaawo Kye Ki?

Lekafumu y'ekola nga gavumenti etwalibwa nga "nkola ya bantu bonna" — eva mu bigambo by'Olulattini ebitegeeza "Ekyogerezo kya bantu oba "abantu." Obutafaananako gavumenti emu, omufuzi omu gy'alina obuyinza ng'asikira obwannannyini, obupande bw'obufuzi mu bantu. Abantu abo bawa obuyinza okulonda abafuga nga bagoberera amateeka. Enteekateeka eno ekakasa nti abakungu bavunaanyizibwa ku butuuze era nti abakungu bavunaanyizibwa eri obutuuze.

Ekiragiro kino kyawukanira ddala ku kusalawo kwa demokulase, buli muntu w'ayinza okulonda ku buli nsonga. mu kifo kya digiti, republic zeesigama ku buli nsonga yonna.

Ebiba mu Republic

Wadde nga mu nsi ezimu ebintu n’obulombolombo bwazo bya njawulo, birina engeri eziwerako ezaabawulawo ku gavumenti endala.

  • [[AKMENT:0]] Amateeka:[ mu lukalala, amateeka gakola kye kimu eri abantu bonna — abatuuze, abakungu ba gavumenti, n'abafuzi aba waggulu. Omuntu yenna tavunaanyizibwa mu mateeka. Omusingi guno gukugira obufuzi obwa nnakyewa era gusobozesa embeera y'eby'enfuna okumanyibwa obulungi.
  • [[Act:0] Amatabi gaawukana mu matabi. Amatabi nga ge gamu n'akuuma amateeka, era n'okusala emisango. Okwawulamu okwawukana ku g'agumenti. Okwawula kuno kuziyiza ekintu kyonna okufuna obuyinza obusukkiridde era n'okuteekawo obuvunaanyizibwa obw'okulabirira n'okuvunaanyizibwa mu ngeri eziwera.
  • [[NKULA] Gavumenti etegeeza: Abatuuze abalonde okusalirawo abakungu. Obubonero buno y'engeri y'okufugamu mu lukalala lw'eggwanga. Okulonda, ekkomo, ebbali, n'okwekubira ku b'obuyinza bulijjo mu ofiisi okukakasa nti abakiikirira basigala nga bakolera ku by'abalagidde.
  • [[NT:0] Emirimu egitali gimu: Ekiragiro Ekiragiro ekiwandiiko oba tteeka eritawandiikibwa linnyonnyola obufuzi era ne libala eddembe ly'abantu. Ebiragiro bino bitegekebwa okukuuma eddembe ly'abantu eritatuusibwako gavumenti era ne kikakasa nti enkyukakyuka ez'enkola zikwetaagisa okukyusiza ddala ku nteekateeka y'obufuzi.
  • [[Act:0] Obukuumi ku ntegeka entono:[ Republics kwewaliriza "obuwagizi obw'abasinga obungi" nga zikuuma ebibiina by'abasinga obungi n'endowooza ezikontana. Obukuumi buno — gamba ng'eddembe ery'okwogera, eddembe ly'eddiini, n'ebiragiro ebisaanira — bukakasa nti endowooza z'abasinga obungi teziyinza kusukkula busika bwa ddo ez'ennukkulu.

Ebintu bino bikola kimu okusobola okuleetawo enkola esobozesa abantu okukkiriza era n'okuziyiza okufugibwa. bye bisimbye amakanda mu buyinza era nga binywezezza nnyo obulamu bw'abantu okumala ebyasa bingi eby'enkyukakyuka mu byobufuzi.

Ebyafaayo: Ensibuko y’Enjigiriza n’Endowooza y’Obusika

Okutegeera ebyafaayo bino kituyamba okutegeera ensonga lwaki gavumenti zitegekeddwa bulungi mu ngeri gye zigobereramu amateeka ga gavumenti, n’ensonga lwaki zikyali za mugaso leero.

Rome Republic: Okusooka Baagezaako Okukema

Kkooti y'e Roma (50.927 BC) kye kyokulabirako eky'obukulembeze obwasookera ddala. Oluvannyuma lw'okuggyawo obwannannyini bwayo, Rooma yassaawo enkola enzibu ennyo ey'okukebera ebika bya gavumenti, enneyisa ya bannakyewa, abalonde bannaddiini (nga bannassaabakyala, abalambuzi, n'abalambuzi) era n'enkuŋŋaana ennene omuganzi mwe baalondanga amateeka n'abakungu abalondeddwa. Abaruumi baali tebagobereranga nkola ya demokulase nga bagoberera emitindo gya demokulase — nga gitabaamu bakazi, abaddu, n'abo abatali bannakyewa. Naye kyatandikawo ekiteeso kya nti abantu aba bulijjo baggya obuyinza mu bantu (oba neddala n'abatuuze abaagibwa) era nti obuyinza obwo buteekwa okugabibwa mu bibiinanja ebiwerako okuziyiza okubaamu okuyisa ettujjufu.

Era gavumenti ya Roma yatandikawo etteeka eryali ligattiddwa ku ssemateeka, eryagattanga abafuzi, ebitongole (Ssemat) ne demokulase.

Kyokka, oluvannyuma Abaruumi baatwalirizibwa obulyi bw'enguzi, enjawukana mu bantu, era n’amagye ne bameeberezebwa, ne kiviirako Augusto n’Obwakabaka okutandikawo.

Abantu Abalowooza ku Bintu n’Okuzzaawo Enzikiriza z’Abarfurianism

Nga wayiseewo ebyasa bingi oluvannyuma lw'okugwa kwa Rooma, endowooza z'obukungu zabuutikirwa okuva ku by'obufuzi, nga okusingira ddala zikyali mu biwandiiko bya basomi ate n'ebiforence ne Venice, nga Farrence ne Italy. Obunvuunvu bwa gavumenti bwaddamu nnyo okubuggya mu by'obufuzi ate era ne [FLT:] John Locke, ] Monteusquieu[ era ne [[FLT:] Ject] Jeans Rous Rous Rousseaug []

Locke yagamba nti gavumenti entuufu eri ku [[[FL:0] ekkiriza abafuzi baayo era nti abantu bonna balina eddembe ly'obulamu, eddembe, n'ebintu gavumenti by'etayinza kubyesamba. Enjigiriza ze ez'okukola endagaano n'obufuzi eby'enkomeredde zaaleetera Abamerika okukola endagaano. Montesquieee, mu mulimu gwe [[FLT:] Omwoyo gw'Amateeka,, ebiwandiddwawo nga tewali gavumenti ebiyinza okumenya amateeka. Enjigiriza ze ez'enkola ku n'enkyukakyuka mu bantu zisobola okuziggumya ettutumu n'ebyayinza okuleetera amaanyi gaayinza okuziggumya oba okukimattulula, naye nga ziresembye amatwale g'obuyinza ng'ekitongole ekikugikulembedde ddala mu by'obufuzi. [5]

Emitindo gino egy'okutegeera gyayongerwako nnyo mu Amerika ne Bufalansa mu 1788.

Ebika Ebinene ebya Lebanooni

Lipabulika zijja mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, nga buli emu erina enteekateeka zayo ez'eby'obufuzi.

Zivvuunula za Prezidenti

Mu ggwanga lya pulezidenti, presidenti y'akulira gavumenti era y'ekulira gavumenti, era n'alondebwa ku lukiiko. Pulezidenti alina obuyinza bwa magye, nga mw'otwalidde n'okulagira abajaasi, era n'obuyinza obw'okulonda ab'obukiiko n'abalamuzi (abagondera enkyuka n'enkkomera y'amateeka). United States, Brazil, Mexico, ne South Korea byakulabirako kya waggulu. Amasaza ga gavumenti ga gavumenti ga gavumenti ga gavumenti ga gavumenti gaateekawo ebbeesazeesazeesa oba gamanyi baanizo kuvunaanibwa olw'ensonga ez'enjawulo — era gayinza okugoba ab'ekibiina ekigobeegaaweesa oba okugoba ebbanja singa abagoba abakiiko ekkanisa ne akakiiko akategese.

Lipartema

Mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga, gavumenti eggya mu buyinza era n'evunaanyizibwa eri palamenti. Omutwe gwa gavumenti bulijjo ye prezidenti ow'eggwanga alina obuyinza obukugira era nga ye kampani asinga obukulu mu lukiiko olusinga obungi. Gavumenti esigala mu buyinza kasita basigala nga bakyalina obwesige mu lukiiko olwo. Singa bafiirwa obwesige obupya, obululu oba gavumenti empya, ezingiramu Buyindi, Italy, ne Singapore. Ebitongole bya paalumenti bitera okukkirizibwa okutongola mu bwangu okuleka amateeka ne bappaapaapaasika, naye ne balemererwa okukebera kwa bannabyabufuzi.

Federal Republics

Lekawulu emu eyawulamu amaanyi wakati w'obufuzi obwa kati n'ensi za gavumenti ez'amawanga (ebitundu, ensalo, oba katoni). Ekiragiro kino kisobozesa ebitundu okuba n'obuyinza ku nsonga ez'omu kitundu. Ebbeeyi y'ettaka, ey'entambula, ey'okwerinda kwa bantu — ne gavumenti y'ensi yonna efuga engeri y'obuwagizi bw'eggwanga, ne sistemu endala. Ebitundu bya mpulizi , United States, Switzerland, ne Buyindi byenkanankanankanankana zircuttu ezikola ku nsonga za gavumenti z'ensi eyo. . Ekiragiro kyamatabiina, era kisobozesa obutundu obunene obwa bulijjo okukola nga bannakyekerere mu bitundu bya waggulu.

Obusosoze n'Okwawulawo: Enjawulo Nkulu

Abantu bangi bakozesa ebigambo "reculture" ne "democracy" bye bimu, naye tebifaanagana. democracy Kino kiggumiza obufuzi obusinga obungi. Kino kitegeeza nti abantu abasinga obungi baagala okulonda enkola ya bantu bonna. public[, nga kiggumiza ekkomo lya system n'entegeka entono ez'abantu kinnoomu n'ezo ezibasinga obungi ze balina. Ng'ekyokulabirako, United States, kyeyamaliddeko nga "Cunigation" mu kifo kya "teocracyrity" okulaga nti obufuzi obwa nnamba obusinga obungi tebusobola kulagibwa mu ngeri eyo ey'enkola eya bulijjo.

Abakola ku lukalala lwa Amereka baali tebeegendereza kye bayita "enkyukakyuka ku abasinga obungi" — akabi nti abantu bangi abagoberera empalana bandisobodde okukozesa amaanyi gayo okunyigiriza ebitiibwa, okunyanyisa ebintu, oba okusaanyawo eddembe ek'enkalakkalira. N'olwekyo baakola sisitemu esobola okusobozesa ebitongole ebiganzi okulonda, okulonda, ebiba bifunvu, ne ebitongole ebikyewa. Enkola zino ziyinza okukendeeza ku nkyukakyuka mu by'obufuzi era nga zikwetaagisa enkyungi okukkukasaamu mu by'obufuzi. Nga James Madison bwe yayamooza mu Faderalist.[10], ekitongole ekikiikirira gavumenti kiyinza "okulungisa n'okugaziya endowooza z'abakungu abangi"

Mu nkola, mu nsi nnyingi ez’omu kiseera kino mulimu n’enkola ya demokulase — okulonda buli kiseera, okukuba obululu, n’obukuumi eri abantu okwogera ku by’obufuzi. Endowooza ezo zombi zombi ziri wamu era zinywezagana, naye ekyetaaza ky’okussa essira ku mateeka n’entegeka y’abantu abatono kiyamba nnyo okwewala okumenya amateeka agasinga obungi agateefuga.

Ensonga Lwaki Riphabliki Zikulu mu Nsi ey’Omu Kiseera Kyaffe

Mu kiseera eky'obufuzi obwannakyemalira, okulekera awo okwesiga ebibiina, era n'enkyukakyuka mu bya tekinologiya, emisingi egifuga mu by'obufuzi giwa obukakafu bunywevu nnyo n'okusinga bwe kyali kibadde.Republics ziwa enteekateeka entuufu okusobola okugonjoola ensonga, era zisobola okukola nga bwe kisobozesa abantu okusobola okukuuma eddembe lyabwe. Okutegeera lwaki gavumenti ziyinza okuyamba abatuuze okubeera abawanika abategeevu.

Olutalo Olutawanya

Enteekateeka z'ensi ezisinga okubaamu essomero, okwawukana kw'ab'obuyinza, obufuzi, kkooti ezetongodde, zireetawo enkumbo nnyingi eziziyiza okuteekebwawo kw'obuyinza bwa autocracy. Abakulembeze abagezaako okusukka obuyinza bwabwe bateekwa okumeggana ne kampani eyinza okugaana okusasula ssente, etteeka eriyinza okutta ebikolwa byabwe, empuliziganya ey'eddembe esobola okuteeka ebikolwa eby'okuyisa obubi, n'abantu abayinza okulonda envumbo okubuggya mu buyinza. Tewali kibiina kimu tekiyinza kuziyiza kukwata oba kulya enguzi naye okukolagana n'okukebereza eby'okufuga kusobola okukwasa n'okufuga. Republicssiza mu buyinza obusinga obungi obutongole obukola eby'obutuuze.

Okuwagira Obuvunaanyizibwa n’Ekyegatta

Lipabhuka zikola bulungi singa abatuuze batwala obuvunaanyizibwa bwabwe nga bukulu. Obutafaananako enkola za bannakyemalira ezisaba obuwulize obugattidwa, republics zeetaaga okumanya, okwegatta. Okufumba bye bintu ebisingayo okuba engeri y'okutuutiramu. Abatuuze era balina okubeera abamanyisi ku nsonga ezikwata ku bantu, okwenyigira mu bulamuzi, era n'okusobozesa ababatwala okuba ab'obuvunaanyizibwa mu kifo kino okutongoza emirimu gyabwe. Omuntu okuba n'obuyonjo mu by'obuwangwa bwe — emitindo, empisa, n'obulungi ebiwanirira obufuga. Omuntu bw'awa obukungu bwewandisizza obuvunaanyizibwa bwonna okusiikiriza n'okugoba obulamu bw'abantu, enteekateeka ez'enguzi zisobola okuwangula, n'okulaga obutasosola. Okuyigiriza mu bantu — nga ku bikwata ku ndowooza ez'okuwakanya endowooza ez'okukontana, n'okwesambatyo kwokkakkakka empisa — ekikulu mu bibiina ebitongole ebitongole ebikola obulungi eby'awamu.

Okugumira Okugezesebwa Okubaawo mu Biseera Ebitera Okuyitawo

Mu madokolande ga'enfumbo leero, boolekagana n'okupikirizibwa okw'amaanyi abatandikawo ba lipartema ezasooka kwenkanankana. Missint ne disociation byeyongera okubuna mu disitulikiti ez'enjawulo, nga biggyawo ebiwandiiko eby'entuufu ebizingirwamu okusobola okubuuza ensonga. [ Kino kiteeka essira ku by'obugagga mu mikono gy'abantu abatono, okuteekamu endowooza ez'eby'eby'obufuzi oba okuzikolamu okusobola okuzinyweza. [FLT:]

Okugonjoola ebizibu bino, kyetaagisa okuleetawo enkyukakyuka mu ntegeka n'obuwangwa. Okunyweza eby'amakutu g'empuliziganya n'okumanyisa eby'okubunoga kuyinza okuyamba okugonjoola ensonga ez'obulimba. Okukyusa ebiba bitegekeddwa mu kulonda, okulonda, n'okutuuka ku bugazi mu kooti, kiyinza okusobozesa okukuba akalulu n'okukiikirira. Kampeefube mu by'ensimbi esobozesa abagagga okumanyisa ebizingirwamu okukendeeza era n'okuzzaawo obwesige mu bibiina ebikola eby'obukwasikiro. Mu kiseera kye kimu, okukulaakulanya obuwandike bw'okulonda emboozi, obutongole, obuyigirize obwa bulijjo, n'okugatta obuwanjufu n'obutebe bw'eggwanga kusobola okuzzaawo ekitebe ekikulu ekisinziirwako.

Ebifo Ebiva mu Kugaba mu Nsi Yonna

Republicanismu teri mu ggwanga limu oba mu kitundu kimu kyokka. Ekibuuzo kino kituuka ku mbeera ez'enjawulo ez'ekika kya Amereka okwetooloola ensi yonna, okuva ku India (mulimu gwa gavumenti ogunene mu nsi) okutuuka ku South Africa [ (mulembe gwa gavumenti ogwazaalibwa mu kuwakanya obusosoze) okutuuka ku [[FLT:] mu Bugirimaani [[FLT:]] (Kitulungulwa kya gavumenti ekizitookebwa oluvannyuma lw'obukyasirekeko). Buli nsi zino ziz'ebitongole ebikola ebikola ku byafaayo byazo, n'ebyobufuzi. Enkola eno y'emu ku by'obuwampulizi mu nsi ezisinga obungi.

Ebibiina by'ensi yonna nga [[Act:0] Amawanga era ne Internationalmal Institute for Democracy and Electoral help(IEA) emirimu egiwagira obufuzi bwa demokulase ne buggygyibwa okwetooloola ensi yonna, nga biwa ebikozesebwa okukola entegeka ya mu mateeka, n'obukulembeze bw'eby'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga. Ebbeewandikiro mu nsi yonna kyoleka nti gavumenti evunaanyizibwa erina okuzikola, era nti ekkiriza abantu bagiweereza.

Olugero: Gavumenti ya Riphabliki ya Muwendo

Ziyinza okulemererwa — nga Rupande lya Rooma, Weimar Republic, era n'endala endala nnyingi bwe ziraga. Naye era zikiikirira enkola y'abantu esingirayo ddala okutabaganya eddembe n'obufuzi, okuteekawo enteekateeka ez'amaanyi era ezigaguguddwa, okuzimba gavumenti eziweereza abantu mu kifo ky'okuzifuga.

Ebyafaayo by'eggwanga erimu obulyi bw'enguzi ngeri gye baagezesaamu era ne bazzaawo n'okuzzaawo endowooza zaabwe. Buli mulembe gulina okuddamu okuzuula n'okuwagira emisingi egikwata ku bufuzi bw'eggwanga.

Nga bategeera bye bali, engeri gye bakolamu, era n'ensonga lwaki ba mugaso, abatuuze basobola okubeera abalungi mu kwefuga kwabwe bokka — era n'okusobola okulwanirira enkola ey'obufuzi obwanafuwa, obw'omuwendo obwa lipabulimu busobozesa okubusoma. Okusoma ku nzikiriza z'obufirosoofo ez'obuwagguzi, Encyclopedia of Philosophy era nga eyo ye nsonga esingayo obulungi, ng'ate yo Encyclopædia Britannica era nga kgesawawanjula ebyafaayo ebikwata ku by'obusosoze mu by'eggwanga.