Table of Contents
Kampuni y'ensi yonna ekola ku kunoonyereza kwa sayansi ne tekinologiya. Ekitongole ekikulu ekivunaanyizibwa ku ntegeka y'enkola y'enkola y'enkola n'enkola y'enkola, n'enkola y'enkola y'enkola, Ssente kizisobozesa okukola ebizimbiddwa mu nkola y'eby'ensi n'enkola esobozesa [1]ow'obukugunjufu okukola ku bintu ebirala. Okutegeera engeri ssente gye zikwatagana ne sayansi era n'ekitongole ekinoonyereza gye birina okusobozesa Australia okumanya engeri gye ziyinza okuweza empanobo n'obukulembedde obulungi mu by'eby'enfuna.
Obuyigirize Obukwata ku Ssaayansi ne Tekinologiya
Ssente ezisaasaanyizibwa ku luggi lwa kampuni. Buli ddoola ekozesebwa mu bitongole ebinoonyereza ku by'obusuubuzi oba musolo, essente ezikozesebwa mu mulimu oba essente ezikozesebwa ku kitongole kya ssente ezikolebwako ekikola ku by'obusuubuzi erina okuyita ku kakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku mulembe gw'omulimu ogubikkulwa mu Australia. Obutebe bw'omuwanika busobozesa bannasayansi okulonda ekifo mu ntegeka y'amaanyi amagendamu mu bya sayansi.
Okuteekateeka Eddagala n’Okunoonyereza kw’Ekitundu
Ssente ezikozesebwa okuzuula n'okuleetawo enkyukakyuka z'ensimbi z'embalirira bitegekebwa okuyitira mu mulongo gw'entengo z'omwaka, era nga byeyongera ku ebyo ebikolebwa mu mid- Year Economic and Fiscal Outlook (MEFO). Ebiri mu lukumbo olw'eby'ekika kya mpuku ne Sayensi, Health and Elder Care, Defence, ne Escience, n'Essourcessss Sy Supers bye by'oteeka mu n'ebiwandiiko bya Ssente enzijijiji nga biwawa w'empaka okusobola okuzzaawo amateeka agatali gaawumba, n'okuvuganyanyanyanya, era n'embeera za macrocalstikiro. Emiriyo 2023-24 Enziccurimentil efisse doo doola ezisukka obuwumbi obuwumbi bwa doola ezisukka mu obuwumbi bwa R&D, wadde nga ebisabirira mukibwa k'ebbulaawuliyo y'eno yerimu y
Enteekateeka y'okugobereza obukkirizi esobozesa abantu bangi okunoonyereza ku bintu gamba nga Australian Academy of Science ne Group of Speciences 8, okukaka Ssente eziba ziweereddwawo. Ssente bwe zimala okukola ku ebyo ebiba bigobeddwawo, ekyo kye kikola ku ngeri y'okukubamu amabaluwa.
Omutemwa gwa Ssande n'Okukyusakyusa Obulamu bw'abantu
Ekiragiro ekikulu ekya Ssente kwe kusobozesa okuteekawo okukulaakulana okw'eby'enfuna era n'okulongoosa embeera z'abantu b'omu Australia. Okunoonyereza okwa sayansi n'ebintu ebikolebwamu biyamba nnyo mu kusobozesa omulimu okukolebwa. lipoota ya Ssente eziba ziwandikiddwa (] mu mulembe gulina okumanyibwa nti tekinologiya akulaakulanye n'okumanyibwa ng'abavuzi b'ebigenda bikolebwako. Kyokka, okubeeyitibwa kw'eby'ensimbirira kw'ensikusobozesa okumanyibwa kw'ensirimu okumanyibwa. Bwe kibadde kya muwendo nnyo okuva mu 2022, Omuwendo gw'essente ziteekwa okuteeka mukibwa k'omuteebyambi mu R&D okusobola okumanyisaasaasaanya okumanyibwa ennyo okusobola okweyongera okumanyisaanya. Obuzibu buno bwe butyongezi bukulu bw'obukuyungi obw'okumanyibwa kw'eby'eby'ensi ya mu kiseera kino.
Okuwaayo eri Ebitongole Ebinoonyereza ku Bulagirizi
Engeri esingayo okulabika ssaayansi gy'akwata ku nsaasaanya ya Ssente ze, kwe kunoonyereza ebiwa obukiiko obunoonyereza ku nsonga za ssente. Embalirira zino ziteekebwawo mu nteeko ezikozesebwa ku nteeko z'ensimbi era zisobola okusasula embalirira y'enkola eya Ssente eziba ziteekeddwawo mu kkessi.
Olukiiko lw'Akakiiko k'Akakiiko k'Aka Australia
[[NKULA:0] Olukiiko lw'omubunvuzi olusooka olw'okunoonyereza lwe lukola olusooka olw'okunoonyereza ku mubiri oguwandibwa nga $904 obukadde obusukka mu 2023-24. Enteekateeka eno ewagira [ Olukalala olw'okunoonyereza (okunoonyereza okutali kwa 'bunnaku)], okumanyisa obukiika mu nteekateeka ya [[FLT:] Programuni eyo [[[[FLT:]]] [[5]]] (empandika y'enkola eya mu kye kimu n'amako, n'empewo n'ey'okunoonyereza ku nsonga ezisinga obungi]. Ekiragiro ekitongole kisalawo kukwata ku nkola y'ok'omulembedde kiragiramu obulagirizi obutuufu, naye nga kisobozesa obulagirizi obukkirimu okusobozesa ebiva mu n'omuteennyonnyonnyonnyonnyonnyo okusobozesa okumanyibwa. sente ezo eziva mu Australia'okusobozesa okuteeka mu by'okugaba mukibwa k'okagobere
Ekitongole ekikola ku by'obulamu ekya National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)
Obulwadde n'okunoonyereza ku by'ekisawo biwagirwa nnyo Tbilibimu y'ensi yonna. Ensawo y'obujjanjabi ey'eby'obulamu n'ey'eddagala eririna okukozesebwa mu ngeri ey'enjawulo mu NFLT mu mwaka gwa 2015, ensawo y'obuwumbi 2023 obukadde bwa doola nga 24. Essente eziva ku kitongole ky'eby'obulamu ekya MRF, ebisaawulibwawo, zetongoozebwa bunoonyereza ku by'ekisawo. Muwansi w'eby'obulwadde, mukozesebwa n'okunoonyereza ku n'obuvuzi k'ebiwandiiko bya Amerekawo mu mwaka. Embalirira y'okunoonyereza mu n'okunoonyereza kwa ssente. Embali ya Stockercero, ewagira okunoonyereza ku by'okunoonyereza mu n'okunoonyereza mu n'okunoonyereza okumanyisaasa okw'obuvuzi k'obusanyusi.
Ekitongole CSIRO n'ekitongole ekikola ku kunoonyereza ku bintu ebitali bimu
Ekitongole kya Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) kifuna kawumbi nga doola z'Amerika buli mwaka okuyitira mu ttutumu lya Indacrystry ne Science. Ekiragiro CSIRO kye kikoleramu mu kunoonyereza, okutunda, n'ebifo by'eggwanga (nga ka 'Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder') kye kisibukako obuwumbi bwa doola obuwumbi bwa doola z'ensimbi nga doola z'Amerika ezikola okusobola okugonjoola ebizibu eby'ennammali.
Okunoonyereza n’Okuleetawo Enkulaakulana mu by’Obusolo (RDTI)
Ebirala Tebinyuma era Tebinyuma
Kiteeberezebwa nti kampuni ezikola ku by'omusolo ezikkirizibwa zisobola okuweza obukadde obusukka mu ddoola 20 eza Australian Leavention (ATO). Kampuni ennene zisobola okuzuula omusolo oguyinza okusasulibwa okuva ku butundu bwa ddoola ezitasukka mu 100 [ ku muwendo gwa doola ezisaasaanyizibwa ku kampuni. Ekyo kitegeeza nti n'abataasaanyizizza ssente mu mu misolo mu bungi bwa doola 43. Era, nga ne ku kitongole ekyo kiyinza okufuna ennamba eya bulijjo [[FOK:2] ku muwendo gwa kampuni ezitayinza kusaasaanyizibwa ku muwendo gwa kampuni ezigibwa [[[[FOK:3]] ku muwendo gwa kampuni ezigibwa omusolo.
Obugolokofu n’Okunywerera ku Nkyukakyuka
Mu kifo ky'okukakasa enkola eya Centre RDTI, ab'omu Kkompyuta babadde banoonyereza nnyo ku bikwata ku nkola za Ssente. Ab'oluganda bano bombi baasemba obutakwata ngeri gye bawanyisamu ebigambo nga banoonya eby'enkyukakyuka mu kifo eky'okunoonyereza ebya bulijjo. Ssente ezawandiike ku mateeka okuggyamu eby'okukugunja mu programu eza sofutifoomu, okunoonyereza mu by'amaguzi. [FLT:] [FLT]] Ofiisi y'obutunzi okukaka obukulembedde ku by'onoonyezaamu ebisaanyizo ebizingirwamu, ebiwandiikibwa nga binoonyezebwa ebinene, n'ebiruubirirwa ebirala ebikolebwamu. Enkola zino zikendeezza obungi ku muwendo gwa bannakyewaguzi mu bbanga erisingako, nga zigobeetaagisa okusobozesa okuzzaawo ebiteeyimirimu mu kifo eky'okulongoosa.
Enteekateeka z’Obuyinza bw’Afuga Byonna
Ssente ezikola ku by'amakomputa zeeyongera okuteeka mu kampuni ezikola ku by'obusuubuzi okusobola okuleetawo obuyambi mu bitongole ebikola ku nfuna y'eggwanga.
Ensimbi y’eggwanga eriko obwetwaze (NRF)
. . mu kifo ky'okugaba obuwumbi bwa doola [[NT:0] National Fund (NRF)[NKF], ebyalangirirwa mu 2022-23 Draw Trauni, kitegeeza enkyuuka ez'amaanyi mu nkola y'enkola y'enkola ya SSAAPS. Mu kifo ky'okugaba obutereeze, NRF ewandisizza, obukankankano, obukankanyi, n'okuteekawo omutemwa gw'okutereka ssente. NRF ekola eyo ekolebwa okuzza obujjanjabi mu by'obusuubuzi, okuzza obuddimu ssente ku nzivvuunuzi, n'okuziko obuwayiro obusobozesa okuzza enzijiji z'omulimu. Embalirira eno ekolebwa okuko "slycey'okuziganya n'obujjanjanjaanyi, obutuufu obw'obukyungi obwa tekinvuzibwe mu by'obugazi.
AUKUS n’Okulemererwa Okufuna Enkyukakyuka
. Gavumenti egattiddwa mu kukyusa enkola ya Ssente ezikozesebwa mu Ssente ze kisobozesa okukomyawo ssente za sayansi mu ngeri ey'enjawulo. Gavumenti yateekawo doola z'obuwumbi 5 mu buwumbi bwa doola okusobola okusussawo AUTUS, nga mwe muli ne doola z'obuwumbi 9.6 mu UNICE Australian Submarine Agency. AUTUS Pillar II essira ku tekinologne sekitoosi eno ey'okuyimba, quanummu, n'obusobozi bwa ssente ezikozesebwa mu bya siniya, ebikolebwako.
Ebiseera eby’Omu Maaso Ebituukiriziddwa mu Australia Agenda
Mu lukalala luno, babbayi b'ebbanga 2023-24 baatandikawo "Bukadde bwa ttaawo eyakolebwa mu Australia". Olukalala lwa kampuni ezikolebwa okusikiriza okusemba amaanyi agaawunta mu kukola pulogulamu ey'ekika ekya doola obuwumbi U.6 mu nteekateeka zino, nga mwe muli programu y'obuwumbi bwa doola obuwumbi bwa doola obuwumbi bwa doola z'Amerika obuwumbi bwa doola z'Amerika obubalibwa nga zisobola okuvaamu bateri, ate obukadde bwa doola z'Amerika obukadde 100 obukadde 992 okusobola okukola nga baawumbizaamu bbaayi. Obukadde obukadde bwa doola ezisukka obuwumbi bwa doola ezisukka mu obuwumbi 100 eza ttaayibwa obusukka mu obuwumbi bwa doola zeetaagisa okuyingiza obunene mu by'obusuubuzi n'oka obunene obuva mu madumu aga bulijjo. Kino kitegeeza okubuuka okuva ku nkola eya bulijjo ey'obugazi n'okulongoosa n'okuddayo mu makolero.
Enkyukakyuka mu by’Eby’Eby’Eby’Obugagga n’Eby’Obugagga mu Nsi Yonna
Okusobola okwekenneenya ensusso ku ebyo ebiyinza okukolebwa, bakakessi ba Ssente ezirabirira enkola ya R&D mu Australia nga baziyiza ebipande ebikolera mu nsi yonna era bakebera engeri sayansi gy'ekolamu emirimu gy'eby'obusuubuzi n'eby'obusuubuzi.
Olukalala lw’Ennyanja Ennyo mu Australia
Ekirala kya Australia Gross Expenditure ku R&D (GERD) kye kimu ku percentance ya GDP esangibwa mu 1.8%, wansi wa omuwendo gwa OECD 2.7%. Okuteebezebwa kw'ESsente kwe kukendeeza ku namba y'omulimu gwa SCHEES (EDDD) ekendedde okuva ku ntikko 1.38% eya GDP mu 2008 okutuuka ku 0.9% mu 2021222. Kino kiraga nti ebbeeyinti y'essente ezikozesebwa mu mwaka gwa RDTI tezikoma ku kipimo gwa R&DD. [F]
Obusuubuzi n’Omuwaatwa ogw’Okunoonyerezaako
Australia era enoonyereza ku bintu bingi.[1] Emirimu egiva mu kunoonyereza giwandiisa 4% ku bitabo by'ensi yonna ebinoonyeza eby'okuvumbula ebiri mu nsi. Kyokka, eky'enjawulo kirimu okutunda. Ssente ezikola omulimu guno zaazuula olukunkumuli lw'enkyukakyuka mu kunoonyereza. Mu kukola kino, ssente ziwandisizza enkola ng'okusobozesa okuzzaawo ssaayansi y'eby'obusuubuzi mu yunivasite ne mu ngeri y'okuwagira enkola y'obusuubuzi mu kutandikawo eby'obusuubuzi. Okugezaako okuzzaawo enkola y'obusuubuzi mu ngeri eyo. Bino bigezaako okuzza enzigiro ezisikiriza ez'okujjuzaamu abanoonyereza ku by'obusuubuzi ne ku by'amabusuubuzi.
Ebitongole Ebikola ku Nsaasaanya yaabyo n’Ebikwata ku Biseera eby’Omu Maaso
Wadde nga kino kitegekeddwa bulungi, Ssente ezikola ku by'ensimbi zisobola okuwanirira n'okugaziya ssente za sayansi.
Ekizibu Ekiri mu Kugaba n’Okunoonyereza ku Yunivasite
Ekiragiro kya Australian Universities System (2024) kyalaga nti okunoonyereza okw'omu bitundu eby'omuddiriŋŋanwa tekukkirizibwa. programu ya gavumenti ewa abawagidde ku kunoonyereza 30% ku ssente ezisaasaanyizibwako, ate nga ssente enkalu ezo zibalirirwa ddala 50-60% ez'okunoonyereza. Kino kitegeeza nti obufunvu mu yunivasite obuva mu misolo gy'ensi yonna butegeeza okunoonyereza ku bintu ebya kabi era ebitalina bukuumi. Ssente ezikiribwa mu kusobozesa okugula ssente ezizinoonyezaamu ezizibwa mu kunoonyereza.
Okweyongera n’Okunyweza Ebintu
Omuwendo gwa Ssente ezikozesebwa mu kukendeeza kw'entengo n'ensawo y'ensi yonna gukakasizza Ttalanta okukomyawo mu mpalo ya siniya. Mu butuufu, embalirira ya sayansi nnyingi zigenda zikendeera. Embalirira ya ARC ebaddenga nfuze okumala emyaka mingi, nga kitegeeza nti esobola okugula ebintu olw'okukendeera kw'entengo y'ensigibadde. Ebbeeyi y'embalirira y'ensi mu kiseera ekimpimpi ereeta obuzibu ku n'ebyuma bya sayansi ebizingirwamu.
Enkolagana Ebaawo wakati w’Essente, Eby’Obusuubuzi, n’Eby’Obusuubuzi
Ekiragiro kino kiyongera ku nkola eya ARC, nga kisobozesa omulimu okugukola. Ssente ze eyongera okuteekawo obujulizi obulaga obuwagizi, okukolagana, n'okusengeka ebyo ebisookerwako okuva ku ssente eziva ku bannazobisoosa. Okunoonyereza ku nsonga za ARC, era ne ku nteekateeka ezikolebwa ku ngeri y'okunoonyereza ku nsonga z'eggwanga. Okunoonyereza kuleetawo enkyukakyuka mu ngeri y'emu. Okunoonyereza kukolebwa ku ngeri y'okuvunaanyizibwa kwa depastement ne ku nteekateeka za bannakyewa, era ne ku nteekateeka ezikola nga Cooperative Research Centers (CRC) ebikolebwa by'eggwanga, by'oteeka ssente ezizingirwamu mu n'ebitongole ebikola ebikola ku nsonga z'eby'eby'enfuna. Ekkoyirobongera mu bungi bw'ongera ku k'ebkolerowo mu buli k'ebkolerowo.
Bwe batunuulira nga bukyali, obuvunaanyizibwa bwa Ssente obw'okuteekawo enkola ya sayansi mu Australia bujja kukakasa obusobozi bwa Australia obw'okumanyisa ebiwandiiko ebikyukakyuka mu by'enfuna. Obugolokofu bwa RDTI, okukkirizibwa kwa NRF, okumanyibwa kw'eby'enfuna mu yunivasite, n'obulagirizi obulaga engeri gye bikolamu mu kunoonyereza, n'obukulembedde obw'omu biseera eby'omu maaso mu Australia si bintu ebyo byokka ebiba mu nteeko y'obuteeteesiteesiteesi. Bye bintu eby'enjawulo ebifuula eggwanga eryo okuba nga ligoberera empaka, okumanya okw'eby'eby'obugagga. Okutegeera engeri Ssente ze zikolamu, n'obutebenkevu n'ebintu ebigirimu mu Australia bye byetaagisa mu kubaako eby'obusuubuzi bwa ssaayansi ne mu bya sayansi.