Ennyanjula: Empagi Ebbiri ez’Okutaano

Ekivume eky'oku Lwokubiri, ekyasaanibwa nga 10 Apuli 1998, kye kimu ku mirembe emikulu ennyo egiwandiikiddwawo mu nkomerero y'ekyasa eky'amakumi abiri. Kyakoma ku lutalo olw'emyaka asatu mu Northern Ireland olumanyibwa nga Zizibu, ekiseera ekyatta abantu 3,500 era ekyaleka ebbenje ez'amaanyi ennyo. Wadde nga endagaano ejjukirwa olw'ebika byayo eby'enjawulo, n'okugatta awamu n'ebibiina bya ggwanga, era nga n'okumanyisaamu emirimu gya gavumenti za Bungereza ne Irlands Féin, era nga zikyasigala nga nnywevu. Endagaano eyo yakolanga ng'abayigirimu bannagye baaggenyi baayo, n'abaginaabizimbi baayo. Okutegeera obulungi obuvunaanyizibwa bwe kiri era n'ensonga lwaki yagobeetaasaawo, era n'enkola mu ku kunoonyereza mu mateeka, ebitongole ebitegekebwawo.

Gavumenti za Bungereza n'ez'omu Irland zaaleeta ebintu eby'enjawulo mu byafaayo, enkyukakyuka mu mateeka, era ne kkomo. Gavumenti ya Bungereza, nga y'efuga mu Northern Ireland, yalina okuddukanya eby'obutebenkevu, n'ebiwandiiko bya gavumenti ya Ireland. Gavumenti ya Ireland, wadde nga yawa ekiragiro eky'okukakasa ekizinga kyonna ekiri wansi wa Kakiiko 2 ne 3, yalina okulaga obumalirivu bwe yalina obw'okuleetawo emirembe mu nfugamu ne mu kuwagira nfuga za ggwanga. Kyokka, bombi baalina ekiruubirirwa ekikulu: obutebenke, emirembe mu Northern Ireland gye bandisobodde okubeera. Enteekateeka yaabwe tegyaba nnungi, naye okukolagana kwabwe kwali kwesigamizibwa olw'okumanyiiragana nti okukolagana n'okuwagira enkola eyo ey'emirembe.

Endagaano eyo erimu ekiwandiiko eky'enkunala bisatu: Strands, 1 (enternern Ireland Northern Communitions), Strand 2 (entegeka za South South South), ne Strand 3 (Ebuvanjuba obugatta ebizinga bino byombi). Gavumenti zombi zeenyigidde nnyo mu bizinga ebyo ebisatu, naye nga zisinga okuteekamu obutereevu mu Strand 3, okutandikawo [FLT: 0]] entegeka ez'ebukiika obwa bulijjo n'empeera mu ngeri eggukako, n'ebitundu ebisinga obungi ebizikwata ku bizinga bino [[FLT:] n'ebyo ebigo mu lukulembezo olusooka byateekebwako obutereevu, naye nga bissawo obukolagana obutuufu obugenda bukolebwa mu bitundu ebisaasaasangi. Gavume, buli wamu, buli gavumenti gye tugenda okukebera mu n'ebyo bye ssaako okunoonyereza.

Obuvunaanyizibwa bwa Gavumenti ya Bungereza

Gavumenti ya Bungereza, eyali ekulemberwa Minisita Tony Blair okuva mu 1997, yaleeta ku mmeeza enkolagana ey'okuzzaawo enkolagana wakati waayo ne Northern Ireland. Kino kyali kyetaagisa okukyuka okuva ku mateeka amatuufu okudda ku kifo ekigonjoole ekyassa ekitiibwa mu biruubirirwa eby'obutuuze n'ebyeyagaza obuwangwa. Obweyamo obwa Bungereza ku Adrigiddo bwago bwagoozebwako ebitundu ebikulu bingi.

Okuyamba Abalala Okusitukiramu n’Emirambo

Oboolyawo mu mwaka gwa 1994, gavumenti ya Bungereza yalekerawo omuliro (okusooka mu IRA, ate oluvannyuma ne wabaawo ebibiina by'abeesigwa) ne gunafuwa, era n'okukendeeza kwa omuliro ogwasooka mu 1996 (kasaluuni wa Wary Wharf) kwalaga engeri gye kyali kyangumu okukomya okuzimya okusaasa. Gavumenti ya Bungereza okukomya omuliro n'okuleeta ebiwayinja byonna ku mme. Okulonda kwa US Senator George Mitchell ng'entebe ya buli muntu awantu awa yekka awa emboozi. Gavumenti era n'esalawo nti: teyalina kulekayo nnyo okuleka ebyokulwanyisa Sin Féin'okuyingira mu n'entebe y'enkola eyo, naye yanyiiga nnyo. Gavumenti eyo yakkiriza okuteekawo olukiiko lw'emboozi ezo zonna ez'enjawulo. Ebyamat'okubuuka mu n'okuyingira mu n'enkola eyo, naye yakakasa nti essiraakula mu ngeri y'okukozesa ebigambo ebimanyiddwa ennyo mu ngeri y'ensuubirira mu ngeri ezimanyiddwa ennyo mu ngeri eyo: “eyo mu ngeri

Enkyukakyuka mu Mateeka n’Endowooza ey’Okukkiriza Ekibi

Abagattiddwa ba gavumenti ya Bungereza baakakasa nti gavumenti ya Bungereza esobola okukyusiza ddala ennyimirira ya Northern Ireland mu Bungereza. Association yakyusiza ddala olukalala olw'okukkiriza: nti obufuzi bwa Ireland ow'omu Masekkati bwandibadde bukyufu singa abantu baayo bangi beekobaanye okwegatta Ireland. Gavumenti ya Bungereza yagootaanya etteeka lyayo erya bulijjo.[1] Nan Northern Ireland Act 1998,[16] okutuuka ku . Era yakyusa mu ngeri ey'akabonero nga eva mu kakiiko akafuzi ka Ireland ak'omulembe 1920, n'eteeka mu nzivumbo empya ez'obuyinza obuva mu buyinza obunywevu. Gavumenti ya Bungereza n'eyogo yakkiriza mu ngeri eyo “obutebenkenkenyi obulaga obwal'osemenyemenyemenyemenyemenyemenyemenyemenyemenyemenyemenyemenyemenyemenyemenyemenyemenye obwa Ireland wakati w'enkola eyo wakati w'enkola eyo, nga ne mu ngeri endala endala endala eyo eyay'egaana okukyo mu Buvanyunziro

Enkyukakyuka n’Okubunyisa Obubi mu Kibiina ky’Obukuumi

Ekimu ku bifo ebyasinze okuba eby'amaanyi kwe kuba nti balina obukuumi. Gavumenti ya Bungereza yatwala enkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi mu Royal Northern Ireland (PStabulary (RUC), eyakolebwa nga omupolotesitanti era nga teyekebwa nnyo abantu ab'eggwanga. Patten Commission, yatongoza enkola y'Ekivumenti, era yakkiriza okutongoza omulimu gw'obupoliisi mu kiseera kyonna. RUC yatongoza omulimu gw'obupoliisi mu Northern Ireland, era n'ekozesebwa ng'enkola empandika empya n'empandika ez'enkola y'omusaloze ey'okukiikirira omusaawufumu n'enkola y'Abakatuliki, era n'ekangaaweza essibwawo mu bujjuvu mu buyinza obwa bulijjo. Gavumenti ya Bungereza era yakkirizibwa okumanyisaamu omulimu mu ku kuyingira amagye mu ggwanga lya Ireland. Wat'ekimu. Wadde ekyo kyagobeseetaasebwa mu ngeri endala, amagye agamu ne mu Ireland gye gagobeegobeego, era yagobesebwa.

Endowooza nti ebintu byajjawo byokka n’Olukuŋŋaana Olukulu olw’omu Northern Ireland

Mu kukolebwa kwa kakiiko akafuzi aka Northern Ireland, waaliwo ekibiina kya gavumenti y'omu maka ga Bungereza eyatandikawo Strand 1. Gavumenti ya Bungereza yateekateeka enzimba ey'ebitongole eby'omukwano n'eby'eggwanga eby'amaanyi. Krucily, sisitemu ekozesa enkola eyitibwa [ ekkiriza oba [[FLT:] communy [] contion-combution[[[FLT]]], ekitegeeza nti okusalawo okw'amaanyi kukwetaagisa obukulembedde okuva ku bakiikirira ab'obufunze, obugatta awamu n'ab'eggwanga. Gavumenti ya Bungereza era yalina ekifo mu “okuyimirira" – singa enkola ya devordredredred [ebiromenti] mu myaka mingi egisukka mu kkumi, bw'ekkumi obw'ekkumi kyagobeesaawo, Sokko w'eggwanga lya Ireland Noctromentikkkkkk'enfuga obufuzi buno obutuufu. , gavumenti eya 2000 yakozesebwa okuva mu ggwanga erimu, nga y'obuyinza n'envubirira mu ggwanga

Obuvunaanyizibwa bwa Gavumenti ya Irland

Gavumenti ya Ireland, mu 1997 bwe yali wansi w'obufuzi bwa Taoissech Bertie Ahern, yayamba mu ngeri y'emu mu kukakasa nti mu Republic of Ireland, endagaano yali yeetaagisa okuzzaawo amateeka gaayo era n'okukakasa nti omuntu yenna asobola okukolagana ne gavumenti ya Bungereza mu ngeri y'emu mu kuleetawo emirembe.

Ebiragiro Ebiva mu Mateeka n’Emikutu Egiddirira 2 ne 3

Oboolyawo enkyukakyuka emu ey'amaanyi ennyo okuva ku ludda lwa Ireland yali enkyukakyuka ey'enkyukakyuka mu bitundu 2 ne 3 eby'e Irish Constitution. Ebitundu bino byali byewaanyizza nnyo obuwagizi mu Ireland, ekintu ekyali kinyiiza ennyo abagatta awamu era ekisittaza okusobola okugayingira mu kifo. Mu kiwandiiko ekyakusibwa ku lunaku lwe lumu nga Northern Ireland nga Irlande ekitegekeddwa mu mirembe. Akatundu 3 kagamba nti Ireland eyinza kugattiddwamu mu ngeri ey'emirembe, abantu b'omu Ireland ne basalawo okuzzaawo ensonga ezo n'enkola enkyukakyuka empya n'enkyukakyuka mu ngeri y'obutebenkeera. Ekiragiro kino kyagobererwa mu ggwanga lino kimenyawo nga gavumenti ya Ireland erye nnyo. Gavumenti eyo yamenyawo oluvanyuma lw'obuwagizi mu ggwanga lino mu ggwanga lino. Gavumenti eyo yalina ekikolwa eky'ensonga ey'enjawulo mu ggwanga lya Ireland mu ku kusalawo okugattiŋŋana emirembe.

Obumu mu Strand 2 ne mu bukiika kkono bw'Amerika

Agumenti yatandikawo Olukiiko lw'abalabirizi olw'omu mambuka ga South South lwa Ireland era n'enkola ez'enjawulo ez'ensalo ezisangibwa mu bitundu gamba ng'obusuubuzi, eby'obugenyi, eby'obubudde, n'obutonde. Gavumenti ya Ireland yakola kinene nnyo mu kuleetawo kakiiko ako, era yayambako mu kuwagira enkola y'eggwanga erigatta wamu Ireland naye nga ku mulimu. NSMC ekolagana mu fomu ez'enjawulo (kawumbi, enkola y'obubeempaka, entebe y'emirimu) era n'eweebwa abakungu okuva ku njuyi zombi. Gavumenti y'ekirwawo mu Ireland nayo yayamba okugabanaanyanjula ssente ez'enjawulo okusobola okutabagana. Enteekateeka ey'okukkaawumba mu Amereka obutundu bwa Amerika, yalaga nti obuwanjufu mu Ireland ne mu n'obuwanjukulembe obwa waggulu tebwamu n'olekawo na bunnabiina mu by'ebyenfuna bya bulijjo. Gamasaza lya waggulu lya Ireland nayo yabangamu

Obukulembeze ku Ddembe ly’Abantu n’Okulinga Abantu

Gavumenti za Ireland zaamaze ebbanga ddene nga zivumirira gavumenti ya Bungereza ku ddembe ly'abantu mu Northern Ireland, naddala mu kiseera kya Nkiika Ddamu Ireland. Gavumenti za Bungereza zaateeka ssemateeka mu Nsonga, ne mu kkooti za Bulaaya ku kuteesa okuleetawo eb'enkuuni eyo. Gavumenti ya Ireland bwe yawamba ennyo obwannannyini obwa nnamba n'enteekateeka y'abantu ab'okussaawo enkalu y'enkola. Ekyo kyaviirako Bill of Northern Human Rights Rights Commis Commissionnce of Northern Ireland (nga bwe kyali kisuubikkiriziddwa mu ggwanga lya , ate nga terigibadde mu ggwanga lyamenyawo). Ate era gavumenti ya Irland yalina ensonga enkulu mu kuteeka mu ndagaano eyo mu mateeka ga Bulaayaniya, nga mw'etakyusizza n'ensonga ez'okulangirira emisango mu Nkulembedde mu N'okulangirira kwa Oustman. Gavumenti y'ensonga ez'okulangirira ku nkola y'okuva mu ggwanga. Gavana lya Ireland. Gavumenti, gavumenti y'erira mu Ireland nayo nayo yazza obu

Okwenyigira mu Kibiina kya Republicans

Gavumenti ya Bungereza bwe yakolagana butereevu n'abafuzi b'eggwanga lya Bungereza, gavumenti ya Irland emirundi mingi yaweereza ng'omutabaganya ow'amaanyi, naddala ng'eri n'enkola ez'amaanyi ez'ekibiina kino. Gavumenti ya Irish okutegeera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibamba bya ggwanga era n'obuwagizi bwayo obwasooka mu Ireland obwaleetera abasibe abali obumu okuba ab'obukakafu nti gavumenti ya Bungereza teriimu gavumenti, era nti gavumenti eyo ey'omu Ireland gye yagobera okuleeta obuwagizi bwa gavumenti mu by'obufuzi mu bujjuvu. Egye kirimu okuleetawo obutongole obwalyitirivu obwa [FLT:] n'okuggyawo embeera z'ekkomera mu makomera era n'okuteekutula abasibeetwali mu ggwanga eryo, nga bakkiriziganya ne gavumenti za Bungereza era nga zikolagana bulungi n'okuleeta obulwo mu by'obufuzi. Kino kyali kikontana nnyo n'ensonga ezaaliwo mu buyinza okusobozesa okuleeta emirembe. [FLT: 2: 2: 2] era nga zir.

Okufuba okw’Akakiiko Akakola Omukago

Gavumenti za Bungereza n’ez’omu Ireland tezaakoma ku kukolera wamu naye zaateekawo ebibiina ebikolera awamu okusobola okugonjoola obutakkaanya obuli wakati w’ebizinga ebyo ebibiri.

Olukiiko lwa gavumenti lwa Bungereza olw'okukolagana n'ab'obuyinza (BiIGC)

Akakiiko kano kagatta wamu abakungu okuva mu magatte ga mirundi ebiri okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku nsonga ezitaakoma ku lukuŋŋaana olunene olw'omu Northern Ireland, gamba ng'obukuumi, obupoliisi, n'obwenkanya (okutuusa ng'amatwale ago gaamalibwawo mu 2010). Ekiragiro kya BISIGC kikolera wansi w'omutindo nti gavumenti ya Ireland esobola okuleetawo ensonga ezikwata ku nfuga y'eggwanga era nti gavumenti ya Bungereza ejja kutandika kukubaganya nabo ebirowoozo mu bujjuvu. Yadda mu kifo kya Anglo-Irish Council (yatandikibwawo mu 1985) era y'ekola nga y'enkalakkalirako n'okuteesa n'okukolagana. BiGC esisinkana ne mu biseera eby'ebyobufuzi eby'omu Northern Ireland, era n'okukakasa nti gavumenti zo tezisobola kugonjoola kugattiŋŋananyisiddwamu.

Olukiiko lw'Abangereza (BiC)

Also known as the “Council of the Isles,” the BIC includes representatives from the British and Irish governments, the devolved administrations of Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, plus the Isle of Man, Jersey, and Guernsey (the Crown Dependencies). It meets twice a year, rotating locations, and discusses areas of common interest such as energy, transport, health, and the environment. The BIC is a tangible symbol of the new cooperative relationship, transcending the old focus on Northern Ireland’s constitutional status. It has fostered practical collaboration on issues like renewable energy grids and shared approaches to climate change, proving that the Good Friday Agreement’s reach extends far beyond Northern Ireland.

Abo Abatuukiriza Endagaano

Oboolyawo obuvunaanyizibwa obusinga obukulu kiri nti gavumenti za Bungereza n'ez'omu Ireland ze zikola wamu ng'ekibiina kya ' n'ebitundu ebifuga Endagaano zonna. Gavumenti zombi zirina obuvunaanyizibwa obw'okukuuma enteekateeka zaazo zonna. Kino kitegeeza nti zikolera wamu nga ekitundu kimu oba abantu ababeera mu ggwanga limu nga baagala okunafuya enteekateeka z'emirembe. Ng'ekyokulabirako, mu 2017-2020, ng'Enstround Ireland ewandikiddwa okumala emyaka esatu, gavumenti za Bungereza ne Irlands ze ziwanjubadde okuteesa ku “Emyaka emitono, New . Ennakubiri mu Njojoo. Ek'okuteesa kw'ekibiina kya Breayinza okuzzaawo emirembe. Obumu n'obulala bungi mu , naye bunywevu. Gavumenti eyinza okumanyibwawo ddala. Gavumenti ekolagana bulungi n'ebiri esobola okumanyisaamu n'ebumanyisaamu ku N'ebuvumu: [2][3][F][F][3][3][3][f] Kino kiyinza okumanyibwa mu

Okusoomooza n’Ebifo Ebigenda Bibaawo

Mu 1998, gavumenti za Bungereza n’ez’e Irish zibadde ziyolekaganye n’ebizibu eby’amaanyi bingi okuva ku lunaku olw’okutaano olw'okutaano, nga buli kimu kizikaka okukola enkyukakyuka mu buvunaanyizibwa bwabwe.

Obuttu n'Ekakwa ku Kaweefube ow'Okusindika Obubonero nga Buwedde

Ekiragiro United Kingdom gye kyava mu Bukiika kkono, kyaleetawo obuzibu obw'amaanyi ku ndagaano eyo mu byafaayo byayo. Paratooti ya Ireland ey'omu Mambuka ga Ireland (kati ka 'Winksor Framewor''), wakati wa UK ne EU, yagobererera mu Northern Ireland olw'ekifo ky'ekika kya Exproductive okusobola okwewala ensalo ez'amaanyi ku kizinga kya Ireland. Kino kyatandikawo ensalo empya ez'eby'obusuubuzi wakati wa Great Britain ne Northern Ireland, ebyamenya enzikkiriza obugolokofu bw'eggwanga n'obugolokofu bw'eggwanga. Gavumenti ya Bungereza, yeesanga mu kifo ekikontana n'ekiwandikiro eky'okukikuuma etteeka lya Errectory'ebuva mu ggwanga erisinga obungi. Kyokka, gavumenti z'ebyafuga amagye mu ggwanga lya Bungereza zigenda zireeteebwewamu, nga zigezaako okusunguwawamu mu ggwanga erisinga 2020.

Obwetaavu Obweyongera obw’Okukolagana Obumu

Nga bayita Brexit, gavumenti zino zombi zifunye okusoomooza okutali kumu nga zikolako ensonga ez'amaanyi okuva ku bizibu (ku kuyigganyizibwa, okubuulibwamu, akakwakkulizo, n'okukubira essomero eri'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''. Gavumenti za Buva mu Bungereza ne Ireland. Gavumenti ya Bumenti ya Buddaakakulembedde mu kuzimba ebizibyabubonero, gamba nga [FL:0] Ettanta y'ebyamagoba ebizibya dduuka ebiva mu ggwanga eri'omu Northern Ireland, n'enkola endala zonna ez'enkola ya Ireland, ne mu buwanvunnabirira mu ku n'obugambo bwa Ireland.

fundikira

Ekiwandiiko ekipya eky'okutaano tekyali kya bannabyabufuzi bannabyabufuzi bokka. Gavumenti za Bungereza ne Irland zakola ekintu ekyenjawulo ku balala: baali bazimba enteekateeka, abawagizi ba gavumenti za gavumenti za Bulaaya, era n'abawagizi ba gavumenti za gavumenti za Bungereza zaateekawo enteekateeka za gavumenti ez'eby'obufuzi. Gavumenti ya Bungereza yasobozesa okugonjoola obusosoze mu nsi yonna, ng'ate gavumenti ya Irland bwe yalekulira enteekateeka yaayo nga tey'enkola ku nsonga za bulijjo, era nga y'enkolaganirano ku by'okukolagana wakati w'okuzzaawo enteekateeka z'obufuzi. Byonna, yazimba ebitongole BICC, ne NSCC, BC, ebitongole ebigendera ku n'obutebenkenkenkevu mu ggwanga eri'obuwanguvu. komera mu ku kulembe okusobozesa okugonjoola obutategeeragana mu Ireland, tewaliwo n'obutebenkenkevu mu kukulaakulana mulembe wa Bba wa maanyi. , gavumenti z'empewo mu Bungereza zireesembye, era ziresemba okusobozesa okusobozesa okugonjoola okusobozesa okugonjoola okutabagana mu n'