Bannasayansi Abakyusa Emirimu n’Abayaakye Bataataaganya Gavumenti

Amaanyi ga Veto musingi gwa kwawula ab'obuyinza mu matwale ga gavumenti mu ngeri nnyingi. Gawa ttabi erya ddembe erya waggulu nga dayirekita, ga gavana oba ssaabaza .Amaanyi gano okugaana amateeka agafuga amatabi era ne gakugira obwanguwa oba obutafuga. Wadde nga tewali mateeka ga nukuta, sistemu nnyingi zitwaliramu enkola esobozesa akakiiko akafuzi okuteekawo amateeka wadde nga kalina okuziyizibwa. Okutegeera ekigattibwa wakati w'amatabi ne gavumenti okugattira ku nkola yaago kyetaagisa okutegeera engeri gavumenti gye ziyinza okussaawo obuyinza n'okuvunaanyizibwa mu nsonga ez'obuvunaanyizibwa.

Ekitundu kino kyogera ku nsibuko, ebika, n’enkola ey’amaanyi agakozesebwa mu ngeri ey’enjawulo, engeri amateeka gye gaakozesebwamu, n’ebyokulabirako ebya ddala ebyava mu Amerika, Buyindi, United Kingdom, ne mu bibiina by’ensi ebirala nga ekibiina ky’Amawanga Amagatte eby’Obukuumi.

Amaanyi ga Veto Kye Ki?

Ennyiriri ezo ziva mu bigambo by'Olulattini nga zigamba nti: “Sirina,” mu byafaayo byalabika ng'ekyuma ekiziyiza ettabi erimu obutafuga. Mu nsi za leero, likola ng'okwekebejja okw'akabi: omukulu w'obuyinza ayinza okukoma amateeka, naye akakiiko ka

Obusimu buyinza okukozesebwa ku lwa nsonga eziweebwa amateeka (omukungu akkiriza etteeka erimenya amateeka) oba ebbeetu (omukungu takkiriziganya na mateeka). mu nkola za prezidenti nga Amereka, vato kikozesebwa kya maanyi; mu lukiiko lwa paaliyamenti nga United Kingdom, mu kifo ky'okufuga mu kifo ky'okuyisa obubi bannakyewa mu kifo ky'okuyisa obukwakulizo mu ggwanga.

Ebika by’Amaanyi ga Veto

Gavumenti ez’enjawulo zikozesa engeri ez’enjawulo ez’obuyinza, era nga n’ezo ezisinga okukozesebwa ziragibwa wammanga.

Veto Under

Ekiragiro kino kiwa kampuni obuyinza obutetegese okutta ebbeeyi. Tewali mateeka ga nukuta gayinza okukkirizibwa. Mu mateeka agamu era ne mu kibiina ky'Amawanga Amagatte, buli omu ku abo abali ku lukiiko lw'obutebenkevu gy'asobola okukoma okukomawo ekiteeso. Mu Buyindi, pulezidenti alina ebbanja ek'ensawo ekyetaagisa okusasula ensimbi naye era ayinza okuddiza ssente ezitasukka sente ensaagisaawo okuddamu okuzizzaako omusingi; singa palamenti esaza lya United Nations eteekwa okuddamu okuzzaamu.

Suspensive Veto

Nga bagoberera etteeka eribavunaana, omukungu awaawereza addira ebbaasa, naye sirpavana yago eyinza okuggyako abasinga obungi abagoberera enkola eno. sisitemu eno ekozesebwa mu matwale ga ba demokrasi mangi ag'omu Bulaaya. Ng'ekyokulabirako, pulezidenti mu Estonia, ayinza okuddiza ebiwandiiko omulundi gumu; singa Paalimenti ebigiwandikidde n'etaddamu, pulezidenti alina okugikomyawo. Ekiragiro ekitongole ekifuga ekikola nga kya ssemateeka amateeka ga gavumenti mu Bulaaya kireafiiri naye nga tekitera kugatta.

Pocket Veto

Mu Amerika, singa akakiiko kasala ensawo kagaana akalulu mu kusawo akateebwa, omukungu tabaako ky'akolawo mu kiseera kye kimu nga kamaze okukasaza mu mateeka.

LineIm Veto

era kyetaagibwa nga gwe gwe teeka ekkomo erikkiriza aninga okukola olukalala lw'ebintu oba ebiwandiiko ebiba bisanguliddwa okuva ku biwandiiko ebirala. Gavana w'Amerika alina obuyinza buno naye pulezidenti wa Amerika ow'ebusimba talina. Kkooti enkulu yasazeemu ekikongoolole ky'omu lukalala lwa Line Leat Veto Act mu 1998 ( Clinton v. Ekibuga kya New York), ekifuga nga tekirina namba namba namba ezifuga. Kyokka, 44 ziwayira bakungu baabwe empandika y'empandika y'olunyiriri .

Veto Asobola

Mu South Africa, prezidenti asobola okuddiza ebiwandiiko ku lukuŋŋaana lw'eggwanga nga wa ddembe, naye Olukuŋŋaana olwo luyinza okuwerera ddala emirundi ebiri okusatu. Bwe kiba nga kyetaagisa okusasula ebiwandiiko ebikwata ku nsonga z'ebifo, akakiiko akafuzi kalina okukkirizibwa abantu emirundi ebiri emirundi esatu esatu.

Obuyinza mu Bufuzi bw’Enjawulo

Pulezidenti: Amerika

Ekiragiro kino kiwa pulezidenti ennaku kkumi okussa omukono ku mateeka oba okuleeta ebbanga. Singa mukolo gwa Professor ossemb'omutwe gwa Stockhoo, ekitegeeza nti mu kakiiko akaawunti 93, ekitegeeza nti mu kampulizi k'ebisenge byombi, ekitegeeza nti obululu bwa disitulikiti obw'enjawulo. Amateeka gano tegasangibwawo; okusinziira ku byafaayo, 4% ya pulezidentivetoes sirimu.

Entegeka y’Olukiiko lw’Empagi: Bungereza ne Buyindi

Mu Bungereza, Omufuzi akyalina obuyinza obutakkiriza assema (aveto), naye nga tewali kabaka abadde afuga okuva mu 1708. Mu nkola, gavumenti y'efuga enkola za bannakyewa, era amaanyi gavato tegeetaagisa. Buyindi gabaamu ssente ezisukka mu kimu: pulezidenti asobola okusindika ebiwandiiko okusobola okuddamu okukyusibwa, naye singa Paaliyamenti addayo, ateekwa okukkiriza. Kyokka, prezidenti alina okusasula ebbanja ly'essente, prezidente era pulezidenti w'eggwanga alina ensaze ekkokkero.

Ebitongole Ebirala: Olukiiko lw’Ekibiina ky’Amawanga Amagatte olw’Obukuumi

Olukiiko lw'ekibiina kya UN olw'obukuumi luwa buli omu ku abo abataano abakyamalirizibwa (Cina, Bufalansa, Russia, United Kingdom, United States) obuyinza ku kusalawo okw'ekika kya United States. Obufuzi buno bukozeseddwa emirundi mingi naddala mu kiseera kya Ssematalo ow'omu Bumu. Tewali ngeri ya kugattira kudda mu ntebe z'amateeka; teri nnene n'enkola ya ddo. Enkyukakyuka ziyinza okukolebwa nga okujjuza ebitundu by'ebitundu oba okuteekako aw'ekikolwa eky'obuttujju.

Abakulembeze b’Eddiini Bataataaganya Enteekateeka

Bwe basala amalambe, ab'ennyumba ya kakiiko k'abaka bassaawo etteeka erikwata ku by'ewandiike naye nga waliwo akawagizi.

  1. [[AB'OKUKOMERERA] Okudda ku Bill: Omukungu awawanya amasawo akoddira ebiwandiiko bye n'azzaayo obubaka obunnyonnyola okugaana.
  2. [[AB'OKUKOLA]:[[AK'OMUKIRAGIRO]] Emboozi ezitandika obubaka bw'ekisenge kya voto. Emirundi egisinga etteeka lireetebwawo ku kulonda.
  3. [[AK'OMUKITO:0] Olukalala lw'ebikolebwako emirundi mingi kiba kyetaagisa ebitundu bibiri. Kino kitegeeza nti abantu abasinga obungi mu bitundu ebiriwo n'ebitali bya kika kya ssissimu, oba enviromenti ez'okuvwoota. Mu lukalala lwa U.S., olukalala lwa basenariyo lubaamu emikolo gyombi emirundi ebiri emirundi 93.
  4. [[NTLA] Ekiragiro kino kisobozesa ekisenge ekisooka okukolamu ekintu:[[FUT:1] Singa ekisenge ekyasooka kigayibwa, omuwendo gugenda mu kisenge eky'okubiri, nga era gulina okutuukibwako ekintu kye kimu eky'amaanyi. Obusobozi mu kisenge kyonna busobola okuwanirira enviro.
  5. [[Akawayiro:0]] Obubonero:[[[Akawumpuli:1]] Singa ebitongole byombi bifuga enkola ya bya kompyuta, etteeka liba sistemu ya nnannyini kyo. Mu nsi ezimu, omukungu ateekwa okusattululwa amateeka naye ate mu ngeri nti ebiwandise ebyo byombi bifuula 'vhato' ekireetebwawo.

Mu kakiiko akafuzi ak'Amerika akayitibwa Conselvery, 112 ku 2,590 pulezidenti ass (okuva ku George Washington nga 4,3%) be bokka abasobodde okuwangula enkola eyo. Mu mikutu egyo mwe muli akakwakkuli k'Eddembe ly'Eddembe aka 1866 (okuwangula Andrew Johnson’s veto) ne War Power Resolution eya 1973 (okugoba Richard Nixon’s theveto).

Ebiwandiiko by’Ebyafaayo Ebikwata ku Case

Amerika: Andrew Johnson ne Act y’Ofiisi

Pulezidenti Andrew Johnson yateeka mu nkola Act of Ofiisi mu 1867, ekyakkiriza Olukiiko okuggyawo abakungu ba kakiiko akakulu.

Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Recomputer

FDR yasaasaanyiza 635 ssente 635 ze yalina mu kiseera kye nga pulezidenti. Congress aspirations y'asinga emirundi mwenda gyokka ku ezo eza baveto. Enkola ye ey'okulabirako ya 'veto' kwe kukwataganya ebisale bya kkooti enkulu ebyasalanga etteeka eriragira New Democratic Deferance; yakozesanga essente eza kaayiti nga zeyate okutereeza ebisale. Omuwendo gwa democratic politive protences mu Congress mu myaka gya 1930, ogwali ku nnukuta ya prezida.

Buyindi: Prezidenti Veto ku Kitongole ky’Eby’Enjigiriza eky’e Kerala

Mu 1958, Prezidenti Rajendra Prasad yakozesa etteeka eryayisa paasika wa Kerala eryayisa etteeka ery'okusiiga etteeka erikwata ku ddembe ly'abantu abatono ennyo. Etteeka eryo lyakomezebwawo ku lukiiko lwa kakiiko olukulu mu by'eggwanga, naye nga teryayisibwa mu ngeri y'emu.

Akakiiko k’Ekibiina ky’Amawanga Amagatte: Busuuli Buleevi

Okuva mu 2011, Russia yasalawo enkola ey'okukakasa nti gavumenti ya Busuuli ebonerezebwa oba ewa abantu obukujjukujju.

Okubuuza Obuzibu n’Okuvumirira

Obuwanvu bw'oluseetuka n'olubalama

Mu gavumenti ezitali zimu, bannabyabufuzi bayinza okusasula ebiwandiiko byonna ebikulu okuva ku kibiina ekiwakanya gavumenti, ne kiviirako abafuzi okusuula gavumenti mu kkookolo y'abafuzi. Ng'ekyokulabirako, Prezidenti wa U.S. Barack Obama yayolekagana ne kakiiko akakubiira aka Republican akaayisa essente nnyingi eza repeal àcalaACA; buli mutemwa gwa pulojekiti.

Kizecutivu eky'okukka wansi

Linequit à profession eventoes nevetoes bisobola okuwa bakulu obuyinza bungi ku ngeri gye bakozesaamu ssente oba engeri endala ez'enjawulo. Abawakanyi baagw'okubaako kampasi mu mateeka agafuga n'obuyinza bwa kkansa professom, bagamba nti gavana abali mu masaza agafuga enjereere basobola okumalirira mu ngeri gye batayinza kukyusizaamu sistemu amateeka, nga tegakyusizza na buyinza bwa mateeka. Mu 2018, Gavana Scott Walker yakozesa ebigambo bye ebitali bimu okuggyamu ebigambo ku sentensi mu tteeka, oluvannyuma n'okukyusa amakulu g'amateeka agaagobeewa.

Bakubirize Okuyomba

Ekyewuunyisa kiri nti, amaanyi gaveto gayinza okutumbula okuteesa. Abawi b'amateeka bwe bamanya nti veto ayinza okuba nga y'ayinza okusoosa ebintu ebikulu mu byuma ebitwala obunene obwa ssente okusobola okwewala enkola ey'okubbaka mu ngeri ey'ekika kya waggulu ennyo. Mu lukiiko lwa palamenti, akabi ak'okugaana okukkirizibwa okukkirizibwa mu kabaka (wadde nga k'abantu abatasangika) kayinza okukaka gavumenti okwongera okukolagana obulungi. Mu ngeri eyo, abateesiteesi b'amateeka bayinza okukola nga “ekibuuti ekibajjuzi ekiba ekibajjuzizza ennyo obwa bulijjo.”

Ensobi z’Obukulembeze mu Nsi Yonna

Mu kakiiko k'ekibiina ky'Amawanga Amagatte akakola eby'obukuumi, ekibiina ky'ekitongole kya UN eky'eby'obutebenkevu kivunaanibwa nti tekikozesa demokulase era nti kiremesa abantu okubaako kye bakolawo ku bizibu ebizze bibaawo.

Enkwe n’Enkaayana Ebyakayita

Okukozesa Obubi Omubiri mu Kkumi lya 21

Pulezidenti George W. Bush, Barack Obama, Donald Trump, ne Joe Biden bakozesezza essente kkumi mu kiseera kye yakoleramu. Trump yaziggyangamu ssente kkumi mu mpalo ye, zonna ne zitomera ku Nnyumba y'ekitongole eky'ekiwandiikizo ya Democratic precial procurecured, naye si lwa lukiiko olukulu. Obukiika obwa waggulu mu bitundu by'ebukiika ttaano obw'obusatu bukyasobola okuzingizaamu. Kino kyo kyongedde kikyusibwa kifuuka ky'ekyuma eky'amateeka mu kifo eky'okukebeeyambisibwa obukya bulijjo.

Endowooza za gavumenti

Gavana wa Kentucky yassaawo amateeka agawera oba agagaziya etteeka lya gavana w'e Kentucky agayinza okukkirizisa ebbali lya kavana ate gavana wa Maine asobola okuddiza ebisale ebyamaguzi nga awakanya era n'okulonda emirundi ebiri emirundi esatu okusobola okukomyawo. Eggwanga ezimu zigezesezza “empaka” eteeka amateeka agawaliriza ga ga ga gavana okukkiriza oba okugaana ebbanga lya g'olukalala lwonna, era n'akendeeza amaanyi g'olukolo .

Enkyukakyuka mu Nsi Yonna

Olukiiko Olukulu olw'ekibiina kya UN lwakubaganye ebirowoozo ku kulongoosebwa kw'obutebenkevu, nga mw'otwalidde ne voto ekkomo. Mu 2022, ekibiina kyasalawo nti omuntu asobola okunnyonnyola mu nnyinyonnyola ye mu kifo eky'enjawulo." Ekipimo eky'okulabikira mu ngeri eyo tekikoma ku kukkaanya.

fundikira

Obusobozi bw'okusalako amaanyi n'enkola ez'okussaawo amateeka bikola ku kukakasa nti tewali ttabi lisobola kussaawo mateeka nga ligasse wamu, nga liwaliriza okutegeeza n'okugakkiriza. Sistemu eza wito ezigobereranyadde ku sistemu za zzaabu ne z'amateeka. Enkola eya shopu ne sistemu eza productives, oba ensawo, . Zisobola okuteekako aw'enkola mu buli ggwanga amateeka ne mu by'obufuzi nga zigoberera enkola eya bulijjo, ne bwe kiba nga waliwo endagaano ey'amaanyi mu by'amateeka tezirinakosebwa.

Abayizi ba gavumenti n'amateeka balina okukitegeera nti enzigi teziringa nzige ezigguka ku bintu; ze nkola ezikozesebwa mu nkola y'amateeka. Okwekenneenya amaanyi ga wito, kiyamba okumanyira ddala obuzibu obuliwo wakati w'obufuzi obusinga obungi n'obusobozi obutono. Enkola za gavumenti bwe zikola nga zize nga zizeeyambika, okukaayana kwa maanyi agava ku buyinza obw'ensi yonna.