Omusango gwa Kkooti Enkulu

Kkooti enkulu eri ku ntikko y'enkola y'amateeka era n'ey'eggwanga.

Empandika z'enkola za Kkooti esinga obukulu zigabanyizibwa mu biti bibiri ebikulu: amateeka agafuga omwo product ne ] appellate obunene obwa[. Emisango egisinga obungi gituuka ku kkooti yonna nga kigiyiseemu, naye abo abaasooka bawa obuyinza okuwulira ensonga ezimu butereevu. Okugatta ku ekyo, Kkooti y'eba '[FLT:] enzivvuunk'osoozaamu okuyitira mu w' WY'AK'AK'AKULUUMENT [[FLT:]], ekyo ekisobozesa Kkomyokerowo Kko akawayiro okulonda ebizikwata ku nsonga ezo.

Ekiragiro kino kinnyonnyola obuyinza bwa kkooti. Ekiseera bwe kigenda kiyitawo, kkooti enkulu ennyonnyola enkola y'amateeka ga ssemateeka era n'ekola ekiteeso okwongera okunyweza ekkomo ly'obuyinza bwago. Ekiragiro kino kikakasa nti Kkooti efuga ensi yonna okusingira ddala ekwata ku nsonga ez'enjawulo, era nti enteekateeka y'okukuba olukiiko olwo ereetebwawo mu kkooti.

Omukolo gw’Okuvunaanibwa: Ensonga Ezitandikira Waggulu

Obwannaawule kitegeeza nti Kkooti enkulu ye kkooti esooka era yokka ekola nga eyo okuwuliriza omusango ogumu. Obutafaananako gavumenti gye zisinziira okunoonyereza ku nsonga, emisango egikwata ku gavumenti, obutongole obwasooka gitegeerwa mu maaso ga kkooti enkulu. Obubonero obwasooka mu kkooti bukoma ku nkola ezimu: obulamuzi obukwata ku batuuze, abaweereza ba gavumenti endala, n'abo abafuga gavumenti gye zituula.

Kyokka, kkooti eno ekilaze bulungi nti obuyinza bwayo tebuli mu buli kokka. Okusinziira ku mateeka gonna, okusingira ddala gavumenti zikkiriza enkola eyo okubaamu ensonga ez'enjawulo. Kkooti ezo era ziwadde n'obukwasiro obwo bwonna. Okuggyako nga buzibyako obwo obwakongozzi obwasooka, entegeka za kkooti enkulu zirina obuyinza obwa bulijjo obwa bulijjo. ezisokerwa wakati w'emitwe ebiri oba okusingawo. Buliko ensonga zino zitera okuzingiramu empaka ez'amasattuluku, eddembe ly'amazzi, oba obukuubagako obulala obulaga nti tewali kkooti emu ey'ensi teyinza kufuga.

Ebyokulabirako ku ebyo ebyasooka bizingiramu New Jersey v. New York (1998) ku bikwata ku nannyini kizinga Ellis, ne Kansas v. Nebraska] (2015] ku mazzi agatongozeddwa okuva ku mugga Republican. Mu nsonga ng'ezo, Kkooti enkulu elonda omuyivu ow'okuzuula n'okusemba, era n'okukakasa nti emisango giba giba giba gikyayimiriddwa mu migugu gya poli. Kkooti eyo era ejjuka lipoota y'enjawulo n'ekangasa. Kkooti ey'ensonga ez'enjawulo tezirabikira ddala. Wabula zibaamu ekitundu ekitono mu buli kigambo ekya waggulu.

Era ewa kkooti ey'oku ntikko singa eziba ziteekeddwawo obutebenkevu, “ababaka, n'abakungu abalala abafuga enfuga enfuga.” Ekiragiro kino kikakasa nti kampuni z'abasibe bannaggwanga ziweebwa obutuuti mu kkooti esingako obunene mu kifo ky'okutwalibwa mu kkooti z'ensi eziyinza okukyawa ensi zaabwe.

Okusalira Omusango Omusango: Ekibiina ky’Omulimu gwa Kkooti

Omulimu omukulu gwa Kkooti enkulu guli ng'e kkooti ejulirako, enzijuvu z'ekangaanyezza ebyo ebisaliddwa kkooti za gavumenti era ne kkooti enkulu. Obufuzi bwayo butwaliramu “kasasiro zonna” ezijjawo wansi w'amateeka ga gavumenti, amateeka ga gavumenti, awamu n'emisango, era n'emisango egimenyese. Kino kisobozesa Kkooti okukakasa nti embaga zifaanagana mu mateeka ga gavumenti era n'okugonjoola okunnyonnyola okukontana mu kkooti z'ekitundu ez'okujulira n'oku kkooti enkulu.

Waliwo amakubo abiri ag'obw'oddamu okujjukanya: Appes nga eza ddyo[ (kati kati zimaze okusaasaana) era discrection tractive by writ of cerebrari []. Eby'edda, obutyabaga obumu busobola okuleetera olukiiko lw'eggwanga okusazeetabaamu nga olwo olulina amateeka gaalyo.[FLT:]

Abasawo abasaba okujjuuliriza (oyo asabye) bateekwa okulaga nti okusalawo kwa kooti ya wansi kuleetawo ekibuuzo ekikulu mu kukakasa nti kkooti ekkiriza obukabonero bw'ewa. Kkooti eno ewa kansalo akalaga ensonga ezikwata ku nsonga eyo.

  • Ekyawuka wakati mu kkooti z’amateeka ez’ensi eyo.
  • Kkooti esingayo obukulu mu Amerika y’esala omusango ogukontana n’amateeka.
  • Kkooti esala omusango ogukwata ku nsonga enkulu mu ngeri ekontana n’ebyo ebisalibwawo gavumenti.
  • Kkooti ekola ku kujulira ewakanya kkooti ya gavumenti ekola ku nsonga enkulu.
  • Ensonga enkulu ennyo, wadde nga tewaaliwo nateawukana.

Kkooti eyo eddamu okulayira ku nsonga nga 1.2 ku buli kikumi buli mwaka. Ekyewa ekyo kikakasa nti emisango giba gigobereddwa nga gigobereddwa mu mateeka era nga gikwata ku bantu, gamba nga gizingiramu eddembe ly'amateeka, okunnyonnyola ennyimba z'amateeka, n'okwawula obufuzi.

Engeri gye bikolebwamu

Singa abakungu bassawo akakwakkulizo ku kika ekimu, oyo avunaanibwa ayinza okuwandiika ekiwandiiko nga tail'okukiwakanya. Awo n'alyoka alagira nti empapula zonna ziwerebwa ku balamuzi ne bakasitoma baazo. Kkooti ekozesa “amateeka ana”. Singa abalamuzi bana banoonya bye baagala okulonda, omusango gutegekebwa okumenyawo era ne guwerezebwa ku birungi. Singa akawayiro kabaamu abantu bana, akalondeddwa, akasaze kajja kubaamu, ate kkooti n'esaze ne kasalawo ne kasalibwawo.

Obulamuzi buteesa ku nsonga eziba zeeteereddewo ab'obuyinza okusobola okukuba olukalala lw'abo abeetaaga okuweebwa. Omulamuzi omukulu asaasaanya “olukalala olw'ensonga” olw'ensonga ezitwalibwa nti zisaanira okusaasaanyizibwa; buli muntu yenna ku lukalala olwo tazikkiriza kusalwako omusango okuggyako nga obwenkanya bugattiddwa. Kino kisobozesa kkooti eno okuddukanya ebizimbe by'ekkomera mu bwangu. Emirundi mingi kkooti essaawa amaanyi, era n'empala (GVR) singa ewandiika olukalala lw'amateeka bwe luba nga waliwo enkyukakyuka ez'ensonga ezimenyeddwawo, kkooti egenda wansi tesaanidde kuddamu kugikolako.

Mu ngeri gye kyawunziddwamu, kkooti eyo yeejjukanya emisango nga 60 oba 80, nga gikendeezezza ku 150 oba n'okusingawo gye gyawulira ku ntandikwa y'omwaka 2000.

Engeri y’Okusalawo Okukwata ku Kkooti Enkulu

Kkooti enkulu tewuliriza buwuliriza musango gwonna.

  • [[NKULU] EKIKONGOKA] EKISINGA okuwa ekiragiro eky'okukiwa ekibaliro nga kika kya kiroosa kyagwo nga okukaanya wakati wa kkooti bbiri oba nkumi na nkumi ez'eggwanga ezisazesaasaanyizibwa ku nsonga enkulu ekwata ku mateeka. Ekifo kya Kkooti esinga obukulu kwe kugonjoola obutakkaanya buno, okukakasa nti etteeka erya gavumenti likozesebwa bulijjo mu nsi yonna.
  • [[NT:0] Ebibuuzo ebibuuzibwa mu lukiiko olw'eggwanga: Ensonga eziba zikwata ku Lukalala lw'entegeka z'entegeka era n'obukuumi obulala obwa mateeka, kumpi zikeberebwa bulungi. Kkooti ennyonnyola nnukuta za ddembe ery'okubiri, ery'okuna, ery'okutaano, ery'omukaaga, n'ery'eryakuna, n'ery'ekkumi n'ena, enkyusa ez'enjawulo ezikwata ku ddembe ek'ennukuta.
  • [[AKM:0] Ennukuta ez'enjawulo bwe zitakkiriziganya ku makulu g'etteeka, kkooti enkulu ziyingira mu kuwa abalagibwa okutaputa ekitegeeza. Eby'okulabirako bizingiramu obujulizi wansi wa Act eya Cease Air, ne Lanham Act.
  • [[Act:0] Obubonero obuli mu makulu g'eggwanga:[[[NKULA]] Obumu ku bwongo busikiriza abantu okubutwala kubanga bwogera ku nsonga gamba nga bannabyabufuzi, eddembe ly'okukuba ebiba bitegekebwe mu kulonda, oba ery'eggwanga. Kkooti eyinza okusalawo okuwulira emisango ng'egyo nga tewannabaawo lukunkumuli lwokka okusobola okuwa obulagirizi obutuufu.
  • [[Act:0] Era Kino kizingiramu empaka z'eby'obufuzi:[[[NT]] Obwo obufuga amawanga bwe gaba nga gategese, buleetebwamu mu mpandika eya bulijjo singa ziteekebwa ku ntandikwa yaabyo mu mpandika eya bulijjo.
  • [[NKUMBO:0] Awo ekiragiro gye kikoma okusiimula ebibuuzo: Kkooti eyinza okweyambisa enkyuuka y'amateeka singa esalawo ku nsonga ya kkooti y'ensi yonna. Kino kikakasa nti kkooti za gavumenti tezitegeera bukyamu oba tezimenya mateeka ga gavumenti.

Kkooti tefaayo ku nsonga eziba zizzeewo mu kkooti ezitabangula ensonga eziba zikyusizza obwewagguzi, ensobi eziba zikoleddwa mu kkooti, oba ebifo ewaakiriziddwa amateeka. Ssawaayi eya bulijjo ereme okukkirizibwa.

Ebiviirako Embeera y’Ekiseera eky’Okubuuliramu Okukendeera

  • [[Act:0] Ensobi ezikolebwa mu budde obwa bulijjo:[[[NKULA] Kkooti egaana okukebera ebisalibwawo okusinziira ku bukakafu obuzingirwa mu nsonga emu mu kifo eky'okusinziira ku musingi gwa mateeka. Tebikola ng'e kkooti etereeza ebyasalibwa.
  • [[Akabonero:0] Obukulu n'obuseere:[[Akakiiko:1] Kkooti esalawo kookolo okulondako obukomye. Okusawo kwa gavumenti kukkirizibwa emirundi egisinga obungi okuggyako nga ziwadde ebibuuzo eby'amangu oba ebikulu.
  • [[NKUMBO:0] Bw'obanga nga tayimiridde oba nga yeeyamye, ekkooti eyinza obutaddamu kwejjukanya.[[Ak'Akabonero:1] Singa atalina busimba oba singa ensonga eba ntono, kkooti eyinza obutaddamu kwejjukanya ka kibeere nga kivuuziziddwa mu mateeka.
  • [[NKULULA]] Obuwandiisi obutakulaakulanye oba obutakulaakulanyizibwa: A obuwandiisi obw'ebituufu obutategeerekeka oba obwo obuba buwandiikiddwako mu kkooti entono tebusikiriza Bannaakyemalira, abeetaaga omusingi omunywevu okusobola okugonjoola ensonga enkulu.
  • [[Akabonero:0] Ebibuuzo ebikyamu:[[Akakiiko:1] Kkooti eyinza obutawulira ku nsonga ezitwalibwa nga “eby'obufuzi” era n'erekera bulungi amatabi ga bannabyabufuzi oba aga gavumenti, nga gatwala enjigiriza y'eby'obufuzi.

Appellate Juristicition eya bulijjo

Feature Original Jurisdiction Appellate Jurisdiction
Starting point Case begins at the Supreme Court Case originates in lower courts
Types of cases State vs. state, ambassadors, consuls All cases arising under federal law
Frequency Very rare (a few per term) Overwhelming majority
Process Special master, then Court decision Petition for certiorari, briefs, oral argument
Discretion Mandatory for state disputes; otherwise concurrent Almost entirely discretionary (certiorari)

Enjawulo erina okugobererwa abo abatwalibwa mu kkooti y'ensi yonna.

Engeri Omulamuzi gy’Akolamu Kkooti Enkulu

Nga balonda omusango ogw'okuwuliriza, kkooti enkulu gukwata ku njigiriza z'amateeka, okugonjoola obutakkaanya, era n'okuwa obulagirizi kkooti entono, ebigoogo n'abantu bonna.

Ng'ekyokulabirako, mu [[NKULA:0] 'BrowN v'. . Kkooti ey'Essomero (1954), yakozesa obuyinza bwayo okulangirira oluvanyuma lw'enjawukana mu masomero ga bonna, okusiimula amakumi g'emyaka. [[FLT:]United States] v. [[FLT:][FLT]][19] [197]] Yagonjola enkaayanjo y'obuyinza obwa 'yawula eggwanga mu biseera eby'omunnyoogwa mu n'omukono, n'okunyweza omusingi nti tewali muntu n'omu, era n'omukulembeze w'aw'aw'aw'aw'aw'aw'amateeka. [[3] Ek'eviset'eviro ate n'empala mu ngeri y'ensonga eyo enzijijijijira ennyo.[3][3][3]

Ng'oggyeko ebyo ebiba bisaliddwawo ennyo, Kkooti ennyonnyola amateeka g'ensi yonna mu ngeri esobola okukwata ku bizineesi, amateeka n'eddembe ly'abantu.

Emisango ku Kkooti Enkulu

Wadde nga kkooti ey’oku ntikko efuga ensi ya njawulo nnyo, waliwo ebintu bingi ebikugira emisango kkooti gy’eyinza okuwuliriza:

  • [[AKM:0] Ebitundu ebyakyewa ebireetebwawo:[ Kkooti enkulu teddamu komumenti bw'eba nga yeesigama ku mateeka ga gavumenti ageetongodde, wadde nga ensonga eyo era nga ezingiramu ensonga y'eggwanga.
  • [[NKUMBO]] Obusobozi: Court esazanyisa omusango ogugamba nti ensonga tezikyabaawo mu butaka okuggyako nga zigudde ku butaka (mu ngeri emu oba endala, nga zisobola okuddiŋŋana oba okuzizzaamu).
  • [[Act:0] Ayimiririzaamu: Akawayiro aka 'past' kateekwa okulaga konfissi, ekisenge kyenkana ekiba kiteekeddwa okuzuulibwa, era ekiyinza okukolebwako omuwayirwa ne kikosebwa. Nga tekayimizibwa, kkooti terina buyinza kufuga nsonga.
  • [[NKULA]] Ekiragiro kino kikoma ku kuteekako abakwasi b'empewo abandibadde bayisa obukwasi mu ngeri ennukuta esooka. Consert eyinza okukoma ku buyinza bwa kkooti esinga obukulu, nga bwe kikoze eri obutundutundu bw'ebimenyese ebiba bibadde (umb., emiganyulo egivaako mu myaka emingi gigattiddwa wansi w'omu Mateeka ga Religion’s Realugion Review Act). Ekiragiro kyawa Konsole obuyinza okukola “Emiteesaze ne biragiro” ku nkola ya Kkooti.
  • Ebibuuzo ebi'ekika ky'ekirooto: Kkooti tejja kusalirawo nsonga eziragiddwa ku ofiisi y'ettabi eddala oba ezitakkirizibwa kugoberera mitindo gya kkooti z'amateeka.

Emirimu gino gikakasa nti Kkooti esigala nga etuukiriza obuvunaanyizibwa bwayo, nga tereeyingiza mu nkaayana z’eby’obufuzi era n’okussa ekitiibwa mu b’obuyinza ab’omu bitundu eby’enjawulo.

Ebintu Ebiba Bikoleddwa Okutegeera

Bannamateeka n'abakungu abeekenneenya ensonga mu kkooti enkulu, bateekwa okusooka okutegeera ensonga lwaki ensonga eyo etuukana n'ensonga z'omusawo, era n'ensonga lwaki ensonga enkulu eyinza okusalibwawo mu kkooti entono.

Ebibiina era biteekwa okujjukira ekiseera ekigereke: okusaba okw'ekibinja kya certiorari kuteekwa okusaasaana mu nnaku 90 oluvannyuma lwa kkooti entono okusala omusango (oba mu nnaku 60 nga Amerika emaze okutwalibwa ng'egattiddwa). Ebirala birina okubeerawo naye nga biweddemu amaanyi. Ebbaluwa ezo zirina okuba nga zinnyonnyoleddwa mu bumpimpi era nga ziggumiza ensonga lwaki ensonga eyo egwanira okusambibwa.

Mu misango egitali gimu, gavumenti ziteekwa okugoberera enkola ez'enjawulo nga zigoberera amateeka ga kkooti enkulu. Engeri y'okulekamu okuyingizamu ensonga ereetebwawo era Kkooti eyinza okulonda mukama ow'enjawulo. emisango gino mizibu era emirundi mingi gitwala emyaka mingi okugonjoolera.

Ebintu Ebikwatagana n’Okusoma Okw’Engeri Endala

  • [[Act:0] Court of the United States: Ku nsonga y'Ekirala [[Okuluggula]
  • [[Act:0] Ekitongole ekikola ku by'ennono eky'omu mateeka Ekitongole: Obusobozi bw'obukwakulizo obwa juricision[[KITABO:1]
  • [[AK'AWULA:0]EZ: Emisango n'Emisango egy'omu nnenga [[[AK'AMUTANDIKA]
  • [[AK'AMUTANDIKI] American Bar Association: Engeri kkooti ey'oku ntikko nga [[:1]

fundikira

Kkooti enkulu y'ekozesa obuyinza bwayo obutagwa lubege. Mu nkola y'okukuba obusosoze, Kkooti eno esalawo okugonjoola obusambattuko obukyasingidde obumenya amateeka, ekakasa okugattibwa kw'amateeka era n'okukuuma eddembe ly'amateeka. Okutegeera ensonga ezikwata ku Kkooti enkulu era n'engeri gye zikwatamu zzabulimu zzabulimu. Era, nga(*yalimu obuvunaanyizibwa bwa bannamateeka, n'obw'abantu bwe bumu. Kkooti esigala ekola ku nsonga y'amateeka, era ennyonnyola ensonga y'etteeka eriwo mu mateeka mu kiseera kye kimu.