Okutegeera Obukulu bw’Eby’Okwesomesa

Ekiragiro kino kisobozesa obuyigirize bwa gavumenti okuyisa obulungi abaana bamemba okukangavvula oba okulonda bye baagala. Mu buyigirize obwa bonna, omusingi guno gukola kubanga amasomero gakola nga bannabyamizannyo ab'ensi yonna bwe gakangavvula, bwe ganoonya oba bwe gasalawo okukola ekikwata ku muyizi okuba n'asobola okuyiga. Omutemwa ogw'okutaano n'ogw'ekkumi n'enakutaano gukakasa nti tewali muntu n'omu alisussibwako eddembe oba ekintu nga talina mateeka.” Abayizi bwe basoma, ekyo kitegeeza nga tannaba essomero liba nga liba liba liba liba liba lirina bye likola nga libawaanyisa, okugoba, oba okuteeka mu nteekateeka endala, balina okugoberera enkola ezimu ezigobeetagobererwa bayizi, n'ebigobeeyambisibwa mu kkooti z'ebigobeetabo.

Proccular v. Emirimu egitali gimu

Okuyigiriza okwetaagisa mu ngeri bbiri: procedul ne 'trap'.

Tekisobose omulimu ogubindabinda

Kino kitegeeza nti nga tannaba na kuggyako muyizi omuweebwe alina kye yeeyagaliza (nga ku ssomero), abakungu bateekwa okuwa amalabira n'omukisa ogw'amakulu. K'awuluuniddewo [[FLT]] K'aw'okufuga. Mu masomero, kitegeeza nti omuyizi bw'aba nga tannafuna kyeyayungibwamu eky'obukuumi (nga bwe kugenda ku ssomero), abasomesa bateekwa okuwandiisa n'okunnyonnyola okw'amakulu. K'asooka, omulambo gwa Gos v. Lopez Kino kitegeeza nti, olw'okussawo olukalala olw'okutulirako ennaku kkumi oba ntono, abayizi bateekwa okufuna amawo ge babalirira oba okuwandiika ku bubonero obw'obujulizi.

Engeri Enkola gy'Eteetera Okukolebwa

Kkooti enkulu enoonya obukwasi mu budde obwa bulijjo ebuuza oba ekikolwa kya gavumenti kyekifuula eky'obwenkanya era ekyeyoleka mu ngeri esaanira, ka kibe nti enkola ekozesebwa mu ngeri ki. Inrham v. Wright[177]), kkooti enkulu ekkiriza nti okubonerezebwa okw'omu nfuga tekuyinza kukontana mu nkola ya buwandisi ne “teeba nga tekutuukiriza kigendererwa kyayo, kukireetera kutuukiriza kigendererwa kya gavumenti eky'okutegeka ekitegekebwa obulungi. Kyokka, kkooti entono ezaasala ebibonero ebyakaakulaakulaanya ku bukambwe oba ebikolebwa mu ku nzibubonero entonotono.

Emisango Egisinga Obukulu mu Kkooti Egyategeeza Ennungi z’Abayizi

[[Akawayiro:0] Gos v. Lopez[[AK'AWULA] [[:1] (1975]

Oboolyawo olukalala lw'abayizi lwe lwali olw'ensonga ezitakkirizibwa, era nga ze nsonga enkulu ezikwata ku nkola eya bulijjo. Kkooti enkulu yasalawo 5-4 nti amateeka ga Ohio gaasobozesa omuyigirize gwa bantu bonna, era nti eddembe eryabanga ery'obuyigirize obutuufu lyakuumibwa abaz'okukyusa ebiwambe ebya 14. Ssembe ku nnaku kkumi ezaawerera ddala, ssupeon n'okugaba nga tekusobola kubaako aw'okusasula. Ekiragiro kino kyasalawo nti, mu ggwanga lyalina okukolebwa ku buyigirize obwa bulijjo.

[[Act:0] Ekiragiro kino kiwandika olunyiriri okuva mu '.' Des Moines Independent School Community [[[ZIMBE]] (1 969)

Omusango ogw'okwesigamya enzigi z'abaana gwe mukolo ogw'okusibukako eddembe ery'okwogera. Abayizi baayambalanga engalo z'abadduga okukalakaasa Vietnam era ne baleebwa. Kkooti Supper yagamba nti abaana tebaggyamu mateeka ku ddembe lya njogera oba ery'okwogera ku mulyango gw'essomero.” Amasomero gayinza okukebera ebibasobozesebwa singa biba nga “muyangu ate nga mu butuufu bitaataataataataanya obwagazi obwa nnukuta z'abalala.

[[AK'AWULA:0] New Jersey v.T.L.O.[[[AK'AWULA] [1985]

Mu [[NKULA:0] T.L., kkooti yayogera ku kiragiro eky'okuna eky'okuyisa ekifuga enziji mu masomero. Ssanduuko y'omuyizi yanoonyezebwa siimu enkulu, n'eraga obujulizi obulaga obukwasi bw'enjaga obukozesebwamu. Kkooti yakkiriza nti abakungu b'essososo tebalina bukwasiizi naye nti okunoonyereza ku nsonga ku nsonga ezikwata ku ssomero kusaanidde kukkirizibwa mu musingi era nti mu bukulu bwa digiti kusaanidde. “obuteezeezesendero obwa bulijjo” butono okusinga ekyetaagisa poliisi, naye nga ekyetaagisa okukebera essomero. Abayizi balina okunoonyereza ku by'obuvunaanyizibwa obwabwetawatunzi.

[[AK'AMUTANDIKA] Inram v. Wright (1977]

Omusango ogwo gwali guzingiramu abayizi b'omu Florida abaasaabala ebisaawe eby'amaanyi nga tebamaze kuwulira oba nga tewali na musango. Kkooti yawakanya ensonga nti ekibonerezo kyali kyetaagisa okusala ekibonerezo nga tewannaba kufuga mulongo gwa gavumenti, naye nga gufuga nti obutundu bwa ssemateeka obw'eddagala bwali bumala kubawa ekibonerezo. Kyokka, kkooti yakkiriza nti “olwo oluwerezo olw'okukyusa amateeka agabawereddwa ku bikolwa eby'obukambwe era n'ekibonerezo ekitakolebwa mu ngeri ey'enjawulo terukwata ku ku ku kusibawo baana ng'okukuuma kukangavvuwa,” naye nga enkola esaanira esobola okukuuma ekibonerezo ekiriwo “ekiteetaayitirivu."

[[Act:0] Ekiragiro kino kiyamba mu kuyigiriza mu Disitulikiti ya Hendrick Hudson okuddin School Central v. Rowley (1982)

Wadde nga si mukolo ogwereere ogukolebwa, rowley yannyonnyola abantu abalina 'Associal Education Act' (IDEA), ekirimu eby'okukuuma ebiragibwa mu nkola ekyetaagisa okusobola okuyamba abayizi abaliko obulema. Kkooti yagamba nti amasomero galina okuba nga gawa obuyigirize obwa nnamunigimalanga obumala obwa “mangu okusobozesa omwana okufuna emiganyulo.” Abazadde ab'obulema balina obuyinza okusoomooza abaana nga basinziira ku nkola y'okusomera abaana baabwe.[2]

[[Akawayiro:0]Honog v. Doe[[KITANDIKI] (1988)

Mu , kkooti enkulu yagamba nti, ‘ Omuntu bw'aba omulema, takyasobola kugoba muyizi alina enneeyisa ye ey'akabi. ’ Kkooti eno etegeeza nti omuyizi alina obulema alina okusigala mu buyigirize bwe mu kiseera nga wazzeewo obutakkaanya wakati w'abazadde n'essomero. Kkooti yakkiriza nti essomero tezisobola kugoba muyizi alina empisa ze ez'akabi era nga bwe ziraga obulema bwe buli kiragiro obutuufu obw'obuyigirize obw'enjawulo: enkyukakyuka yonna ekolebwa mu ku kuteekamu ebizitookebwawo enziji oba ku kkooti esobozesa kiwandikiro oba enkola ey'okugigoberamu okuggyawo.

[[Akawayiro:0] Ekiragiro kino kiyamba ku disitulikiti ey'essomero mu budde obw'ekika kya B.L.[[[AK:1] (2021)

Omusango ogwakatandika ogw'eddembe ery'okwogera gwe guzingiramu omuyizi eyateeka mu mpalo tailsi ku ttuluba ly'abakyala ab'abadduukirize ku nyunzi nga tali ku ttendekero lya kooleeri. Kkooti yasalawo nti amasomero galina obusobozi butono okukugira ennyimba z'okufuga olulimi, naddala singa tegaleetera kutataaganya kwa maanyi. Okusalawo kuleetera bayizi okuggya eddembe mu ttendekero eryasooka ery'okukyusa ebiwandiikebwa mu koliisi, era n'empansi y'essomero okuzza ebiragibwa ku bigambo ebiba biggiddwa mu lukalala olw'okukakaatisibwa kw'abayizi okuzza ebitongole eby'omulembe.

Enkizo z’Okuyiga Zisukka ku Kukangavvula

Obukuumi era n’Okusosoze

Ekiragiro ekiyitibwa Foundation Claus ew'okuwereza ku kkomo lya 1450 Amereka kigaana amasomero okusosola abaana olw'eggwanga, olw'okwetaba, olw'eggwanga, oba olw'obulema. Ekiragiro VI eky'omukitundu kya Civil Rights Act(O) ekya 1964, Umutwe IX ekikolera ku butebenkeze bw'Enjigiriza mu 1972, ne Ekipande 504 ku Kitego eky'Okugonjooza byonna kiwagira olukalala olukuuti. Abayizi abatendekebwa mu kukangavvula okw'okusibawo olukalala olw'ekika kya 14(OCRC) basinziira ku misolo egitali gya ggwanga oba LGBTQ nga bawakanya etteeka erikugira okukugira obukuutizibwa kw'enjigiriza era n'okuva mu mateeka agateego agabaago agaba ebitongole ekitongole ekitongole ekitongole ekikola eby'eggwanga okugobeewala.

Okunoonyereza ku Ddembe ly’Essanyu n’Essomero

Nga wayiseewo .L., kkooti zikeberezza obwamaguzi bw'abayizi mu nnyiriri endala. Okusobola okukebera abaddusi abayizi abali mu mpuliziganya ez'enjawulo (Vernonia School v. Acton], 1995) era n'abayizi abali mu mirimu egy'okuvuganya (] Board of Educations, 2002]), Kkooti enkulu ewatumbula ekozesa ebiragalalagalagi ng'ekiyambalo mu ku by'okuziyiza obutemu. Kyokka, okunoonyereza okukkeberezebwa mu n'okunoonyereza mu nvumbo kwa bayizi okusobozesa okutereeza enziromeeza enziro.[Foteevuufu][F][5] Essssssburgt] Ekigo ekigo ekigo ekyo kya 2009, kyakkeberebwa mu kkooti ekkeberebwa abavumivumivumi

Enkizo Abayizi Abalina Obulema

IDEA ne Ekitundu 504 biwa abaana abalina obulema eddembe erya nnamaddala. Enkyukakyuka yonna mu kugifuula.[1] Okugolola okuva ku nnaku kkumi eziddiriŋŋana oba okusibanga ku sistemu eziddiriŋŋana nga ze zikola nga(-atrring'eraga enkola y'okulabirako obulema. Singa enneeyisa y'omulwadde ono y'omulema, essomero tesobola kugoba muyizi era tesobola kukola nteekateeka ey'okweyisa mu ngeri ekolebwamu. Abazadde balina eddembe okutegeeza enkola esaanira, okuwerekera awamu ne gavumenti oba kkooti. Amasomero agamenya enkola eno gayinza okugobererwa okukomya omuyizi mu kibiina era n'okuteekawo enteekateeka z'okweyisa mu ngeri gy'okwerinda.

Engeri gy'oyinza okukozesaamu obuyigirize obwa waggulu

Wadde ng'enteekateeka y'amateeka ekozesebwa ku K --12, omulimu gw'okussaawo ssomero era gukola ne mu matendekero ga gavumenti. Abayizi abasomibwa okugobebwa oba okukomererwa okumala ebbanga ddene bakkirizibwa okulaba era n'okuwulira mu ngeri ey'amakulu, nga mwe muli n'obuyinza obw'okulaga obujulizi n'obw'okusala emiwanjulwa. Dixon v. Alabama State of Education [1961]), ekifo ky'ekitundu eky'etaano ekyatwalibwa nti abayizi mu matendekero ga gavumenti balina “okweyongera kutwala nti obwannannyini, era nti n'okukireetera abaana okukkirizibwa mu nteekateeka ez'okwegatta, n'okukkuteekamu mu nkola ey'okugonjookebwa mu ngeri ey'okumanyisaamu. Enziromenti Eso tegwa kitegekebwe mu ngeri ey'okugonjootaagonjola enkola ey'okugonjola mu ngeri ey'okugonjola mu ngeri ey'okugonjola mu ngeri ey'okugonjo

Obuzibu Obuliwo mu Kuyigiriza

ENNEEZA EZ’OKUKYALIRANYA

Ekiragiro ekya mboozi kiwa ebiragiro ebisobozesa okukomya oba okugoba ebibi ebimu ku bikolobero. "Nga ku" bibaamu okulwana." Emirundi egisinga obungi, kkooti zirese enkola zino nga bwe zikola nga bulijjo, naye abawakanya bye bagamba nti zikola ku bayizi olw'obulema n'okubala enzigi. Ebibuga ebimu biva ku ku kubonereza okusobozesa obwenkanya okukolebwa mu ngeri eya bulijjo.

Abaserikale mu Ssomero

Poliisi bw'ebeera mu masomero, kiyinza okulemesa abaana okuyita mu busosoze n'okunoonyereza ku musango. Abayizi bayinza okusabibwa nga bazadde tebategeezebwa, era abakungu bayinza obutatendekebwa mu nkola ezibeetaagisa amasomero okusobola okuteekateeka ebizingirwamu. Emirala gy'abalamuzi giraga obanga okulabula okwetaagisa mu kubuuza ebibuuzo ku ssomero; okutwalira awamu, omuyizi omutegeevu ayinza okuba ng'awulira nti tayinza kulekera awo kuwaala okubuuza ebibuuzo. Okusobola okukuuma enkola esaanira, abawagizi bannagye bangi basemba bawandisizza ekiwandiiko ekiraga engeri y'okutegeera ebiri mu masaza ne poliisi ey'omu kitundu ekibalirira ek'okutegeeza ab'obuyinza bwa SRO.

Obusosoze n’Enjawulo

Ekiragiro kino kiwa obulagirizi ku ngeri gye kikozesaamu eddembe ly'obuntu. Data okuva mu kitongole ekifuga enzivvuunuzi y'enjigiriza mu Amerika ziraga nti abayizi ba Balangira balekebwa era ne bagobebwa mu bitundu bingi okusinga abadduukirize abazungu, era ne bwe kiba nti obusolooza obulema bwe bumu oba obwenkanankana. Ate era abaana abaliko obulemu bayisibwa bubi nnyo. Amasomero bwe galemererwa okuteekawo enkola ey'okweraga oba okubuusa amaaso obulabirizi, bamenya amateeka ageetaagisa n'okuziyiza okusobererwa. OCR n'okunoonyereza ku nsonga ezigobererwa mu masaza agatali gamu naye nga tegasazesemba mateeka gaago.

Obutaba Batunuulizi mu Maka n’Abayizi

Abayizi n'abazadde bangi tebamanyi ddembe lye balina kukola mulimu okutuusa nga wazzeewo ekizibu. Ebitabo by'amasomero biyinza okuba nga bingi nnyo oba nga bitundiddwa ku Intaneeti. Awatali kumanya okutegeerekeka obulungi, amaka tegasobola kutegeeza bantu ngeri gye bayinza kuwulirizaamu, kubategeeza nti otaddewo erinnya oba okutegeeza bazadde baabwe kye baagala. Amasomero galina obuvunaanyizibwa obw'okuteekateeka engeri gye gayinza okukolebwamu, era n'okugaba obulagirizi mu nnimi nnyingi.

Omulimu gw’Abasomesa, Abafuzi n’Abateekawo Obukulembeze

Okuwagira enkola egwanira si buvunaanyizibwa bwa mateeka obukkirizibwa. N'olwekyo, abaana bwe bamanya nti okukangavvula kukolebwa mu ssomero kwa bwenkanya era nti okukolebwa tekusaanira, kiba kyangu nnyo okukwesiga abantu abakulu era ne basigala nga beegasse. Abasomesa balina okutendekebwa ku ntegeka za mateeka, enkola ez'okumenya obuyinike, ez'okumenya empitambi, n'ez'okusosola. Abakulu b'amasaza balina okukakasa nti amateeka gago gago gagobererwa buli omu nga tannaba kutuukiriza nkola ya ku mateeka. Abatendesi b'obuyinza ku mateeka ne ku mitendera gimu bayinza okunyweza enkola ekkirizibwa nga bakwasisa ebitegekebwa zero. Okukuba kakwakkulizo n'okukkirizibwa kw'abakugunjuzi b'eby'omu mateeka, ebibiina ebikola entegeka ebizimbe bye bikola ne ku ddembe okusobola okunyweza enkola y'eko.

fundikira

Ekiragiro kino kisobozesa amasomero obutabaamu bukodyo bwonna okukakasibwa mu by'enjigiriza. Okuva ku kuwulira okw'enkola essaawa ssatu emirundi n'empandika ez'enjawulo nga bagoberera enkola za IEA, enkola ey'omu mateeka esobozesa ebizingo by'okussaawo obwannaddala okumanya obwenkanya. Obubonero obuva ku Gos eri Mahanoy bweyongera okuteekateeka engeri ebisomero gye biteekwa okuteekako obuyinza n'eddembe ku bayizi. Okusoomooza nga zero 0669, essssss, ebiva ku ssomero, ebisigala, n'abayigirimu, n'abayigirimu bateekwa okubeera nga bannabyabiso, n'okumanyisa ebikolebwa mu nkola ebikolebwamu mu masomero gonna ag'omu mateeka.

Obusobozi Obulala

  • [[Akabonero:0]] Ekirowoozo ekyo kiddizaamu endowooza [[[Akabonero:1]
  • [[AKITANDIKI] [[:0]Oyez – Tinker v.Des Moines[[Akawayiro]
  • [[AK'AMULALA]] AS Ekiragiro ekikozesebwa ku kuyigiriza – okukangavvula[[AK'AWULA]
  • [[Act:0]ADA National Network – Drased Kkopi ez'obusobozi mu masomero[[[AK'AWULA:1]
  • [[Akawayiro:0]American Bar Association – Ekirabo eky'Emigabo [[Akabonero:1]