Ekiwandiiko: Amawanga Ga Japan Gagenda Gakyukakyuka

Gavumenti za Japan, ezimanyiddwa nga enfuge mu kufuga mu ngeri ey'enkola ennyo mu Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) okuva mu 1955, zifunye okweyawula okw'amaanyi mu myaka 20 egiyise. Ekimu ku ebyo ebikyasinze okukolebwa kwe kweyongerayongera kw'ebibiina by'eby'eby'obufuzi mu bitundu eby'omu byalo. Eby'obuwangwa, eby'ensimu, ebissa essira ku ngeri y'okuleetawo ebigendererwa by'obuwangwa, obuwangwa, n'obuteekujjuka ku nkola y'obufuzi mu matwale, Tokyo ne ku nsonga z'eggwanga. Ebitongole bya Japan ebigenda byeyongera ku ngeri gye biyinza okukyungizaamu obukaabya obunene, n'okugamba obukulembedde mu nsonga z'eby'eby'eby'eby'obufuzi mu bya bya waggulu, ebitongole mu nsi eyo eyinza okukyuza enkanvuulira ddala, ne mu nsonga z'eby'eby’eby'ebyobufuzi eby'omulembe, ebigenda okukuba ekigo mu Japan.

Ebiriwo: Okuva ku LDP Hegemony okutuuka ku Nkyukakyuka mu by’obufuzi

Mu kiseera ekisingayo obunene eky'olutalo olw'ensi yonna oluvannyuma lwa Japan, embeera z'eby'obufuzi mu Japan zannyonnyolwa nga “1955 System,” omukaafiiri omuwaatwa LDP mwe yakolera ku buyinza ate nga Japan Socialist Party (JSP) kye kyali ekiziyiza ennyo. Enteekateeka eno yaleetawo obutebenkevu naye era n'ereetawo obutebenkevu mu ggwanga erya waggulu mu Tokyo gye yafuga embalimba z'embalirira, n'empandika za gavumenti. Gavumenti za Japan wadde nga zaanywerezebwa mu mateeka ga 1947, zaasinziira ku ku ku ku kugabawandikibwa n'ebiragiro. Enkola eno yakolebwa okumala amakumi g'emyaka naye nga tegyanguyira ddala mu bibiina ebikola mu Tokyo okutuusa mu 1990.

Kukulembereza okw'emirundi ebiri kwasattulula enkola ya LDP. Okusooka, okulonda okwa 1993 kwalaga nti LDP yafiirwa abasinga obungi omulundi ogwasooka okuva lwe yatandikibwawo, ne kiviirako ne gavumenti ez'enjawulo ez'omulembe guno okubaawo okumala akaseera katono. Mu kiseera ekyo, wajjawo enkyukakyuka mu nkola ya bannaakyewa nga zigenda mu ntegeka ya bannaakyewa mu Nnyumba ya Baadianters. Ekyokubiri, okusobozesa ebibiina ebitono okufuna ebifo okuggya obutuuzi. Ekyokubiri, eby'eby'enfuna okuzibyamaakula okuva mu mwaka gwa 1991 bweyalu, obukujjuzi bw'obusobozi bwa gavumenti ey'omu massekati bwe yalina obusobozi okuddukanya eby'omu n'obutebenkenkenke. Mu nsi eno edduuzibwamu, ebibiina ebiva mu n'ebyakula byatandika okuteekawo entebe z'ebyenfuna.

Eky'enjawulo kye kyasooka kye kika kya Japan New Party [Nihon Shintō] eyatandikibwawo Morihiro Hosokawa mu 1993, eyakola kaweefube ku nkyukakyuka mu by'obufuzi n'okufuga okusobola okukyusizaamu enkola z'ebyobufuzi. Wadde nga waali wayiseewo emyaka mitono, kyateekawo ekyokulabirako eri abakulembeze b'eggwanga okubuusabuusa embeera y'ekiwagizi. Kyokka, ekyo kyaliwo okutuusa mu 2000 ebitunja ebyasinze amatwato mu kibiina mwe byawandikidde mu kifo eky'enkalakkalira.

Obukaadi Obukulu n’Endowooza Zabwe

Leero, wabaddewo abantu bangi abalwanirira ensonga eziva mu mateeka n’okuleetawo enkyukakyuka mu by’obufuzi, era n’abo abeemalira ku nsonga ezikwata ku bya magye, gamba ng’endabika y’eby’enfuna.

Ekibinja ky’Abajapaani Ekiyitibwa Imppon Ishin ou Kai)

Awatali kubuusabuusa, ekibiina ekyasinga okututumuka mu Japan ekyava mu buwangwa. Ekibinja ekya Japan ekiyitibwa Innovation Party (emirundi mingi kyayin) kyazimbibwa mu 2012 ab'obuyinza babiri: Tōru Hashimoto, eyali omukulu w'essomero lya Osaka Prefecture, ne Ichirō Matsui, meeya w'ekibuga Osaka. Ekituuti ky'ekibiina ekyasooka okufuula Osaka “ograccol, ” ekiyinza okuba nga“ projectolis” ekifaananako ne Tokyo nga projectives 23, era nga kirina obuyinza bungi. Kyokka, ekitongole ekitongole ekimanyiddwa nga Shin kyeyongera amaanyi mu by'ebyobufuzi bw'eggwanga, era nga kiwagira enteekateeka y'obukulembeze bwa Japan.

Mu nkola ezo mwe muli:

  • [[Act:0][[KY'OKUKOLAKO] Kikendeeza oba kikendeeza nnyo ku ngeri propuleti gye zikolamu ne kidda mu kifo kyazo ne kissaawo emitwe egikola ku ginnaazo (dōshūsei).
  • [[AK'AWULA:0] Akawayiro aka '-[FUMENTITU] kongerwako ekitundu ekiwandikidwa nga bwe kikkiriza obutereevu obwa ssi kakola nga obuwayiro obukkirizisaamu ekitundu 9 okukkirizibwa okukkirizibwa mu bujjuvu mu magye'.
  • [[AK'AMUTANDIKI]] Empuku:[[AK'AKAFUZI]] Tusawo tayiti nmyufu tukole mu bizineesi, naddala eziba ntono n'ezitali nfunze mu bifo bya disitulikiti.
  • [[Act:0] Kino kikyusa engeri gye kiyambamu omulimu gw'okutandika okuvuganya mu masomero ga gavumenti nga kiyitira mu kulonda n'okulondako akuuma akakwakkulizo.

Mu kulonda okwa Ishin, obugagga bw'omu langi bugenda bweyongera. Mu 2021, kyawangula ebifo 41 mu Nnyumba y'abalagizi, ne kigifuula ekitundu eky'okusatu ekya nnene. era kirimu obugabe obw'amaanyi mu Kansai. Akakiiko kalina obugaali obw'okukolagana n'enkola ya LDP ku nsonga ezimu (umg., okukulaakulana mu by'enfuna) ate nga okuwakanya abalala (eg., embalirira y'embalirira y'ensonga) kakifuula ekiteeyolekaganye naye nga si bweyateetegese. Abalabirizi b'ebitundu ebirala baamanyidde nga baamanyisaamu ebigambo ebikozesebwa mu kuzimbagana.

Ekibinja ky’Abantu mu Okinawa n’Ebibiina by’Abantu

Okinawa kibadde kisinze okubeera ekitebe ekikulu eky'enjigiriza y'ebifo, nga kisikiriziddwa nnyo amagye g'omu Amerika era n'ebyafaayo by'Obwakabaka bwa Ryukyu. Okinawa Social Mass Party [Okinawa Shakai Taishūtō] yasindikibwawo mu 1952 era yeeyongera okulwanirira okuggibwa oba okukendeezebwa kw'ebiwandikiro bya Amerika, n'okwekuuma, n'okwewanjulako n'okweraga okusobola okwetongoza ekizinga. Wadde nga tekinoonyeza ku kwetwala nti kiwandikiro, ennyinyonyinyonyi zaayo ziva ku Japan.

Mu ssemazinga w'eggwanga Diet, akakiiko kano katera okukolagana n'ebibiina ebiwakanya gavumenti (yadde ekibiina kya Democratic Party of Japan oba ekijapaani ekikola nga bannakatemba) okusobola okutumbula bye kalina kussaawo. Akakiiko ako kalina kye kakola mu kitundu kyammwe naye kalina kye kategeeza ku ggwanga lya Isiraeri, naddala mu ndagaano y'eggwanga lya Japan. Mu 2018, gavana Denny Tamaki(asooka ku kaweefube w'ekibiina kya Social Masty −wn Confectionmental Par /w'okukkon'okutongoza okukomyawo oluvanyuma lw'essa essira ku ku ku kuteekawo nkyukakyuka mu kifo Futenma empewo ewaawo ewaali mu Henoko. Okuwangula okwo kwalaga amaanyi g'enkola y'enkola y'ekibiina kya Gavana mu ggwanga ekimu eky'eggwanga.

Ebika ebirala

Ng’oggyeko ebyokulabirako bino ebibiri ebikulu, omuwendo oguwera ogw’abantu abatono ennyo mu bitundu ebimu n’abo abeesalirawo ku lwabwe bajjukidde mu myaka egyakayita:

  • Tokyoites Esooka (Tomin Esooka n'oto Kayi): Yasigibwa Guvana Yuriko Koike mu 2017, ekibiina kino kyawangula okulonda okwakolebwa ku lukiiko lw'eggwanga mu Tokyo Metropolitan mu 2017 ku kitongole ekikola ku nkyukakyuka n'okulabirako. Wadde nga mu kifo kyayo mu kifo kya “muwatolikiyo". , okuwangula kwaakyo kwalaga nti tewannayo enzijjuvu y'eby'obufuzi obwa bulijjo ne mu kibuga ekikulu kyenkanankanankanankanankanankana .
  • SEKA no Kai (Ekibiina eky'Ebigambo Ebirungi): Akakiiko ak'omu Kōchi Prefecture keesigamizibwa ku buwagizi n'obuteeyambi bw'abantu.
  • Ebibinja bya obwetwaze: Wadde nga biri mu biwaawaanyi, ebibinja mu Hokkaido, Tohoku, ne Kyushu ebiseera ebimu beetaaza abantu okufuna obwetwaze obusingako.

Enjawulo eri wakati w'ebibiina bino, eraga nti eddiini y’omu Japan terina ndowooza emu yokka, wabula eri wakati w'enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu by'obufuzi n'ensonga z'eby’obufuzi.

Ensonga Ezisobozesa Okuvuga Eggaali: Ensonga Lwaki Ebikaadi by’Eby’Eby’Eby’Omwoyo Bigenda Bigaziwa

Obutuuze bw'ebituuti si bwe buteeteeberezebwa busibuka ku kuba nti obutuuti obukola ku nzimba, ku by'enfuna, ne ku bantu aba bulijjo, ebireetedde okukendeeza ku bulombolombo obubaawo wakati w'abalonda n'ebibiina ebikulu eby'eggwanga.

Enjawukana mu by’Eby’Obugagga ne “Empewo”

Mu Japan, eby'enfuna bya Japan byamalangako obugagga n'omukisa . Tokyo ne bafuzi baayo abagiriko bafulumya kumpi kimu kya kusatu eky'ekika kya GDP, ate bo abafuzi ab'omu byalo nga Tottori, Shimane, ne Akita balwawo okusaasaana, abantu abakaddiye, n'emisolo. Gavumenti y'ensi kati etwala obusaze obwa bulijjo nga [1] mu kifo kya Balocation Bacross(*) nga tekikyamala okukomya okuleeta obutookkulembezi bw'abavubuka. Mu ngeri y'emu, 2022 okunoonyereza kwa National Graduate Institute es forology Studies, ebibuga bitwalibwa mu bitongole ebibalimu, ate nga emirimu gyabyo gye gigenda gyeyongera okuddirira. Voter mu bitundu bino, ebitongole bya ggwanga bino bibala ebwerunda ku kyetaanyisimu kusobola okumanyisaamu eby'okugaba ebitongole eby'omutik'ebyo eby'omuyagalaasa.

Ensunkulizo n'Okutwalirizibwa “Enkola ya Omuntu ow’Omu Nsi"

Wadde nga kiwandiiko kino kiwa bukakafu, Japan ekyasigala nga y'emu ku gavumenti eza ba demokulase ezaakulaase ennyo. Gavumenti essekati efuga ebitundu ebisukka 70 ku buli kikumi eby'essente ze tufuna mu misolo, era gavumenti z'omu kitundu zeetaagisa okukozesa obungi obwa ssente ze ziweebwa Tokyo. Okuteekateeka okukyusizaamu obunene mu nteekateeka za gavumenti. Okugobererwa okusasula obunene obwa bulijjo mu 1995 ne mu kukendeeza ku by'enkyukakyuka [[FLT:] Enkyukakyuka mu kukiwandiiko ebibadde bitongole ebizikkirizibwa okukkiririzaamu okusasula omusolo. [FLT:] Enkyukakyuka zibadde zikoleddwa okumala amakumi gw'emyaka egikumi n'okutwala obufuzi obumu ku ttwalo, naye nga bigoberera enkola ya waggulu. Ebitongole bya gavumenti za gavumenti za Amerika bikakala okuziteeka ku “OKLAU.[FLT]

Embeera y’Abantu Ekendeera era n’Eggwamu Ennyo

Omuwendo gw'abantu mu Japan gweyongera okukaddiwa mungi okusinga ogw'abantu abakula mu by'enfuna ebirala. Okusingira ddala, gavumenti ya Japan eyoleka obuzibu bwa mirundi ebiri mu kukendeeza abantu mu nsi ne ku misolo egisaasaanyizibwa. Gavumenti etaddewo enteekateeka nga “Enkola ey'Okuzza Obufumbo” wansi wa Pritain Guotiona Kisida, naye abanoonyereza ku nsonga z'eby'enfuna bagamba nti ebintu bino bigenze bikendeera era nti tebisobola kugonjoola biruubirirwa byabyo. Ebitongole bya Leginoni byagala b'ewandiisa okukaka abantu okulonda okusobola okukomyawo ennyuma ku maka gaabwe, nga bikakasa nti okugonjoola ensonga ezireetebwawo mu misolo, n'okusasula emisolo, n'okusobozesa ebitongole ebitongole ebikola mu nsi yonna okusasula ssente.

Abantu Tebakkiriza Kintu Kyonna Kubeeramu

Japan etera okutwalibwa ng'eggwanga lirina engeri emu naye nga lya maanyi nnyo. Ekiragiro Kansai, ebikujjuko by'obutiti, ebyafaayo bya Tohoku, n'ebyafaayo ebikwata ku bifo ebya lukale, byonna b'ebbeeyi b'omu kitundu ekyo bannabyabufuzi bye batafaananya. Ng'ekyokulabirako, abatuuze b'eggwanga bawagizi bawagidde nnyo okumanyisa Osaka, ne bannabyabufuzi ab'omu Okinawa, baawandiika ebyafaayo bya Ryu Kingdom. Obukonkonno obuwangwa obwo buleetera abantu bangi okujjukirira obuwabuzi bw'eggwanga nga balowooza nti ab'enkola eya Ryukyu Kingdom n'obutunzi.

Okukwata ku Bufuzi bw’Eggwanga

Wadde ng’ebituuti bya disity birina omuwendo omutono nnyo (okusinga 15 - 20% mu Nnyumba y'abalaguzi mu 2024), ebifo byabyo tebikoma ku muwendo gwabwe.

Abenzi ba Kabaka n'Essuula z'Agenda

LDP ekyagenda kyeyongera okumanyibwa mu 2010, kyakiwaliriza okukolagana n'abantu abatono abakigatta. Wadde nga Komeito ye mukago ogw'enjawulo, okuyaayakana kwa Ishin, kwawa LDP omulala ku nteekateeka eziba za nkyukakyuka. Mu mwaka gwa 2023, LDP ne Ishin baakkiriza okukolagana ku mateeka okugatta ekibuga kya Osaka ne gavumenti mu kibiina ekimu ekifuga , ekiruubirirwa ky'omukono gwa Ishin. Mu kukyusizaamu, Ishin yawagira embalirira ku n'embalirirano y'empandika y'okwerwana.

Okutwalibwa ng’Ekintu Ekikulu Ekiri mu Kakwate

Olw'okuba ekitongole kya Ishin ne ebirala kye baatwala okuba abafuzi, kyafuuka kiganzi mu by'obufuzi. “Essociation forficial Garden City National" ekitongole kya gavumenti kino kiwagidde enteekateeka ez'okuleka abantu okukekkereza enkola y'okukyusaamu ekika kya Digital Garden City” era 2024 banoonyereza ku ngeri gye bayinza okusobozesamu abafuzi okufuga enzijanjaba y'eby'obujjanjabe. Wadde nga LDP ekyakaluusibwa okuwakanya enzikko, okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku nsonga kusinziira ku ngeri esaanira omuntu gy'okusalawo oba obutagobereraamu enkola ey'ebyewangu.

Okuyuza Obusogozi n’Ebibiina

Ebibiina bya disitulikiti era byekosezza nnyo okusasika kwa bannabyabufuzi bibiri (LDP vs.). Mu 2022 House of Countals countals, Ishin yawangula 10 ku bifo 50 ebyatuuti, ng'ayamba CDPJ mu bifo bingi eby'omu byalo. Kino kiwagidde okuwakanya okuzza ebirowoozo ku ntegeka ya CDP; abakulembeze abamu ab'ekitongole kya CDPJ kati bawagira ekitikkiro ekya waggulu ekiwa amatabi ag'omu kitundu ekyammwe eddembe erisingako. Mu kiseera kye kimu, LDP kennyini yalengerako n'ebitundu ebirimu ebiwakanya ebiragiro mu kibuga Tokyo ebikwata ku ngeri y'obukujjukujjukuzi ng'ekitongole kya Tokyo. Ebyo ebikolebwa biraga nti okugoba kwa CD CD n'okugatta ekitongole tekiwakanya enkola ya k'enkola ya KP.

Ebizibu Ebiba Bizzeewo mu Bika by’Enfuga

Wadde ng’ebitongole bya kampuni byatuuka ku buwanguzi, wabaawo ebizibu bingi.

Eggwanga Lyonna Lisiimibwa mu Nsi Yonna

Ebituuti ebisinga obungi bisangibwa mu bitundu ebirala. Ishin afuna ebitundu ebisukka mu 90 ku buli kikumi ku bifo bye yateekamu mu Kansai, era n'ekibiina kya Okinawa ekiyitibwa Social Masss ekibeera mu bitundu by'eggwanga byokka ekigenda mu kifo kya Okinawa. Kino kibafuula kizibu okukolagana mu nkola z'obufuzi ez'enjawulo. Era kibawa obuzibu okussaawo enkola y'okuteeka mu kifo ekisooka nga mu bitundu bya Osaka.

Enkola y’Okutandikawo n’Okutwaliriza Endagaano

Gavumenti za Japan tezisobola kukyusa ngeri gye ziyisibwamu. Ekiragiro tekiraga kakwate kalonda n'enkolagana wakati wa gavumenti z'ensi n'ez'omu kitundu, era okugoba obwetwaze bwonna okw'amaanyi okwetaagisa amateeka agajjulukuka (ekiteetaagibwa okuwereza emirundi ebiri mu mayumba gombi n'enkola y'eggwanga) oba okunnyonnyola ebintu ebikulu ebireetebwawo ekireeteebwawo eky'okwerinda. Ebyo ebikennewa ekyo kiba kizibu nnyo mu by'eby'obufuzi era n'ebiseera. Ebitongole bya gavumenti by'ekitongole bya gavumenti okusobola okukomya etteeka ery'akabonero, tebireetera bantu kukyusa ngeri gye bafugamu.

Akatyabaga k'okuyingiza ssente mu mukutu ogukola ku biyingizibwa ogwakolebwa aba LDP

LDP emaze ebbanga ddene nga kiyamba abantu okufuna endowooza ennungi ku by'obufuzi era n'okutuuka ku buwanguzi mu bitundu ebitono. Abakozi ba KLP abamu batandise okukozesa olulimi lwa Ishin-style for “wralensition,” era ekipande ekyo kirimu abatonotono ababaddeko mu buyinza bwabwe. Singa PLP yeegatta ku nkola ezimala mu nfumo z'ebiwandikiro, kiyinza okubuusizabuusiza ddala ensonga lwaki wabaddewo ebibiina bya ssemasaza.[1]

Endowooza gy’Olina ku Biseera eby’Omu Maaso: Japan Yeeyongedde Okuvunda?

Ekiragiro kya disiturikiti kijja kwesigama ku bintu ebitali bimu:

  • Amaanyi agava ku kumanyibwa kw'obudde bwe gagenda geyongera, obunene bw'eby'obufuzi mu bibuga nga Tokyo ne Osaka buyinza okweyongera, ne kiviirako ebiwayi bya Kansai okusasulwa mu byalo obutakola bulungi. Kyokka, ettuttle lya Kansai liyinza okuleetera Ishin okubeera ekitebe ekikulu.
  • Ebivaamu mu nkola eya sisitemu ey'ekika kya Ebiva mu bitundu eby'ekika kya nviromenti bikkirizibwa okukkirizibwa obunene mu lukalala olw'ebifo eby'enjawulo naye bwe kiba nti empandika eya KLP esobozesa enkalala ez'ebifo okuwangula enzijjuvu ez'ebitundu okulongoosebwawo mu ngeri y'enkola eya bulijjo, esobola okusobozesa obutuuti obutono obunene obwa 'LDP' okweyongera kukyusaamu mu nkola eya CP' (nga abamu ku pulintanti eya).
  • Embeera y'eby'enfuna mu [[AK'Akawulu: 0] Kweyongera kw'obuzibu mu by'enfuna ne kiyamba ebiwayirizibwe mu bitundu okweyongera obunene okuwanirira obutuuti, so nga bwe kiyinza okukendeeza ku bumativu.
  • [[NKUMBO]][[FOMENTIONAL] Bw'ossaawo akavwoooti akalaga nti ekiragiro kitandise ku tteeka erya construct, kiba kyangu ebiwandikiro okukiteekamu obwetwale bwabyo ne bitandika kuteekamu obwetwaze obwa bulijjo.

Ekiyinza okulabika kiri nti, ebituuti bya divisions bijja kweyongera okukula, nga bitwala ebifo 30 ne50 Diets era nga byenyigira mu byabufuzi ebitegekeddwamu . Bijja kusaasaanya amasannyalaze n'okusobozesa abafuzi ba gavumenti okwongera okumanyibwa, era biyinza okuleetera omulembe omuppya ogw'abakulembeze ab'eggwanga okutunuulira ekifo eky'eggwanga ng'ejjinja eriddoze mu kifo eky'okukomyawo ekikomya omulimu. Mu kukola ekyo, baleetera Japan okukyuka mu ngeri enneekusike naye nga ddala mu kifo kya nkyukakyuka okuva mu ttwale lyayo erisingako obunene okudda mu bitundu ebyesudde, ne mu nkola eya demokrase.

fundikira

Ekiragiro kino kyeyava mu kuleetawo okukyusiza ddala ebiwaanyi ebya ssemazinga mu Japan.[1] Obusosoze n'okweyawula kw'ensi mu by'enfuna, okukendeera kw'enkyukakyuka mu by'enfuna, n'obuwangwa obwawula. Olw'okuba amawanga agasinga obungi tegasobodde kutuuka ku buwanguzi mu ntegeka za LDP, gamaze dda okukyusa engeri gye gayinza okunnyonnyolamu ensonga z'eby'obufuzi era ne gawaliriza gavumenti okulowooza ku nkyukakyuka ezaali ziyinza okubaawo mulembe ogubaddewo. Bwe gaba nga geenoonyezaamu ebifa ku nsi oba nga basigadde nga siri ku kitebe ekikulu eky'akaseera obuseera, kijja kwesigama ku ngeri gye bayinza okuvvuunulamu ebyo ebirego eby'eggwanga. Kubanga, kino kye kikiikirira ekimu ku magye amatwale agasinga okuba n'okulagamu mu by'obufuzi, ekiwandikiro eky'embeera ey'enkuŋŋakula mu ggwanga.