Amasimba ga Congress gakola obufuzi bwa Amereka, nga gakyusa buli kimu okuva ku misolo eweebwa abatuuze okutuuka ku ntalo z'eggwanga. Abayizi n'abasomesa, okutegeera obuyinza obwo si nkola ya kugattibwa bukoleezaako mu bantu, wabula kikulu okutegeera engeri amateeka gye gateekebwawo, eddembe gye likuumibwamu, era n'engeri gavumenti gy'efuga nga zigoberera amateeka. United States Congress, ekibiina eky'ebibanja ebizingirwamu nga bikola olukuŋŋaana lw'ennyumba ey'Abakiikirira n'eky'Ekamateeka, kyeyoleka bulungi era nga kigoberera amateeka.

Amateeka Agakwata ku Ntegeka

Akatundu I ak'omu ssemateeka w'Amerika katongoza ofiisi y'amateeka era ne kannyonnyola engeri y'obuyinza bwayo. Obutafaananako matabi g'abafuzi n'ag'abalamuzi agannyonnyolwa mu bitundu ebiddako, Consert kye kisinga okutegeeza obuyinza obwa nnamba obwa bulijjo. N'olwekyo, ab'ekibiina kya nnamba zikola enteekateeka ya kayisaaliyo okufuula kakiiko akafuzi okuba ekitundu ekikulu eky'obufuzi obuppya. Obufuzi buno busibuka mu mitendera esatu: obubaliddwako, obukiragiddwako, era obulina amakulu gaabwo.

Amaanyi Agaakozesebwa: Abaganja

Amanya agafuga be ago agaalyokebwa obutereevu mu Mateeka, okusingira ddala gawa ekitundu I, Ekitundu 8. Ebitundu bino munaana biwa baawula baawulamu abawa gavumenti obuyinza obw'enjawulo mu buyinza obufuga eggwanga n'eby'enfuna. Amaanyi agano agabalibwa gazingiramu:

  • [[AMERI] Amaanyi ag'okusasula emisolo[[FULY:1] – Consert eyinza okukakasira n'okukuŋŋaanya emisolo, emirimu, obuwagizi, n'ebintu okusasula amabanja, okuwa obukwasiddwako obuddukiro, era n'okutumbula obulamu.
  • [[NKULA] Amaanyi okutegeka eby'obusuubuzi – The Communist Claus ewa obuyinza mu lukiiko olukulu olw'ensi yonna n'olw'obusuubuzi mu bitundu by'ebuvanjuba oba mu nsi yonna, amaanyi agatatasanguyira kkooti enkulu.
  • [[Act:0] Obuyinza okulangirira entalo[ – Consert yokka y'eyinza okutandikawo olutalo, wadde nga Prezidenti asobola okuyingiza amagye awatali kulayira mu mbeera ezimu.
  • [[Act:0] Obuyinza okugulumiza n'okuwagira abasirikale[[[NKUMBO: 1] – Congress enfuga ku by'ensimbi z'amagye era ziyinza okuyimirizaawo n'okukuuma amagye, nga galina okukoma ku lukalala.
  • [[NKUMBO] Obusobozi bw'okukuba ssente – Congress speeds, ennukuta ez'essente ku mpapula, n'okutegeka omuwendo gwazo, kireetawo enkola y'ensimbi y'eggwanga emu.
  • [[NKUMBO] Amaanyi agayinza okutandikawo o fiisi za post[[[NTLT:1] – The Postal Claus eree esobozesa ebigootaanya okukola n'okukuuma emirimu ku post Congress.
  • [[Akabonero:0] Amaanyi agayinza okussaawo kkooti entono[[[NKULU:1] – Congress ekola kkooti wansi wa kkooti enkulu.
  • [[:0] Amaanyi ag'okuwaayo ebinnyonyola n'obusobozi obwa bulijjo – okutumbula okukulaakulana mu bya ssaayansi n'eby'obucukusi, Consert esobola okufunira abayimbi n'abaagiwandika eddembe ly'okugikolako.

Empandika zino ezaawandiikibwa zaategekebwa okunnyonnyolwa obulungi, naye abo abaaziwandiika baakitegeera nti tewali lukalala luyinza kusuubira buli bwetaavu obw’omu biseera eby’omu maaso, era eyo ye nsonga lwaki baawandiika ekisaanyizo kya Claus.

Abakozesa Amaanyi: Ekirabo kya Ekkereziya Ekikozesebwa

Ekiragira ddala ne Faith Claus − emirundi mingi kyayitanga Elastic Claus(grants Congress Congress okukola amateeka gonna "agsaanidde era agasaanira" mu kutuukiriza obuyinza bwago. Ebigambo bino bisangibwa ku nkomerero y'Akatundu I, Ekitundu 8, ekya 18. Tekirina buyinza bwa kyetwala naye mu kifo ky'okuleka Akakiiko akafuzi okusalawo engeri y'okutuukirizaamu ekigendererwa kyako.

Okussa mu nkola amatwale agaali gatuuti () kwali mu nsi eyo eyasooka. Bwe kyagootaanyezebwa ekiwandiiko ky'amateeka mu Amerika, mu . Mcloch v. Maryland[), Omulamuzi omukulu John Marshall yasalawo nti banka eyo yali nkola ya ddembe ey'obufuzi kubanga yali "yalina okukkirizibwa era esaanidde" okuggyangamu amaanyi agayinza okusobola okumenya amateeka ng'okusasula omusolo, okuwola ssente, okuwola n'okuyingiza ebitongole eby'obusuubuzi.

Ebyokulabirako ebirala eby’amaanyi agatayogerwako bye bino:

  • [[AK'AMUTANDIKI][[AKA]] Kino kitegeeza nti ekitongole ekikola ku nfuna ey'ennono (VY'OKUKOLA])[[KA]] – Wadde nga tteeka teryogera ku kitongole ekitegeka omusolo, Consert yateekawo ekibiina kya IRS mu ngeri ey'okuggyamu omusolo.
  • [[[:0]] Okutegeka ebinnyonyola[ – Amaanyi agafuga engeri enkola ey'okusimba ebeerewo gabalibwamu, naye kakiiko akategese kakozese enkola ey'okussaawo amateeka agakwata ku kuyingira mu nsi ezitali zimu nga mw'otwalidde n'okugoosa ensalo za bannawo ez'okussawo awamu n'okuyingiza ssawa.
  • [[Act:0] Okutegeeza amateeka agafuga essomero[ – wansi wa Busuubuzi Claus, Congress ataddewo emitindo egikwata ku faamu enkalu ng'eg'egamba nti Fair Labor Act.
  • [[NKULA]] Okusemba ebitongole bya gavumenti – kumpi buli ekitongole kya gavumenti ekikulu, okuva ku Environmental Protection Agency okutuuka ku kitongole ekitegeka obukuumi mu kifo ekya Homeland Security, kyakolebwa Akakiiko akakozesa amaanyi gaako okutuukiriza obuvunaanyizibwa obubaliddwa.

Ekitongole kya Elacc Claus kikakasa nti ekigambo ekimu ekijuliziddwa ku mateeka tekikyasobola kukyusaamu mu ngeri gye kibadde kigobereramu amateeka.

Ebitonde: Ebintu Katonda by’Alina

Ng’ekyokulabirako, Conseils yakitegeera nti gavumenti z’Amerika tezirina buyinza ku nsi yonna, wabula nti gavumenti okusobola okuzifuga, kakiiko akafuzi kalina obuyinza okukola ebintu ebitali bimu, gamba ng’eby’obufuzi, n’eby’obuddukiro.

Ebyokulabirako mwe muli:

  • [[Act:0] Okuggyawo ensonga ezitali za mu nsi[[[NKULU:1] – Consert eyinza okussaawo endagaano, okuteesa (nga zigenda ne Pulezidenti) era n'okumanyisa ne gavumenti z'amawanga.
  • [[Act:0] Okulwanirira eggwanga[[[Act:1] – Congress ziyinza okulemesa obukungiro n'okuziyiza obuttumbula wadde nga tewali kulangirira ntalo.
  • [[Act:0] Eranting'okuwera ensalo[[[Act:1] – Consert esobola okufuga abantu mu nsi.
  • [[Act:0] ekitundu ekiyinza okubuulibwamu[[[NKUMBO] – Okuyitira mu buyinza okukkiriza ebitundu ebippya n'okufuga, kampuni zifuga ensi eziri mu buyinza bwa Amereka.

Amaanyi agafuga obutonde tegatera kwogerwako nnyo ng’ate ge gasobozesa abantu okukola ebintu ebinaabasobozesa okukuuma ensi yaabwe.

Amaanyi Agatali ga Gamu: ne Wansi Waayo Amateeka

Ekiragiro ekyo kiwa abantu amaanyi mangi agatakkiriza kakiiko akakkiriza kakiiko akafuzi okukebera amatabi amalala n'okugonjoola ensonga eziba zigattiddwawo. Amaanyi gano galina kinene nnyo kye gakola ku nkola y'ebitongole ebigabanyinyiriranya obuyinza.

Okwetegereza n’Okunoonyereza

Consell alina obuyinza okwekenneenya ebintu ebikwatagana n'enkola yaalyo ey'okussaawo amateeka. Ab'obuyinza bano basobozesa obukiiko okuwa obujulizi, okuwaliriza ebiwandiiko, n'okuwuliriza. Okuyitira mu bukulembeze, kakiiko kasobola okulaba engeri amatabi gye gatuukirizaamu amateeka, okubikkula empitambi oba obulyi bw'enguzi, era n'okumanyisa amateeka agajja mu biseera eby'omu maaso. Obufuzi kye kimu ku bintu ebikulu ebikozesebwa akakiiko akafuzi, wadde nga buli kibiina kye kyesigamye ku maanyi gaako.

Ng'ekyokulabirako, Akakiiko k'Ennyumba ku Kufuga ne ku Gavumenti kasobola okunoonyereza ku nsonga yonna ekiseera kyonna, era obukiiko bw'ensiamu bukola endagaano ez'okuwuliriza abakungu n'abalamuzi. Kiwandiiko eky'ekyewuunyo McGrain v. Daughty [1927]) kikakasa nti amaanyi g'ekibiina galina okujjuuliriza emirimu gyayo.

Eby'okukakasa

Olukiiko olukulu olw'ensi lulina amaanyi amanywevu okukaka oba okugaana okulonda pulezidenti wansi w'Abukkusideri era ne Confact Claus (Adingle II, Ekitundu 2). Kino kizingiramu abalamuzi ab'eggwanga, abalamuzi ba kkooti enkulu, ababaka, n'abakungu abalala abassa empewo mu bifo ebya waggulu. Ebiwandiiko ebyo biwa Sekete essiraasa eddoboozi eriggula mu kutereeza amatabi g'abakulira era n'asala emisango. Abantu abatonotono, olukiiko olwo lusobola okukkiririza abasseneemitwe, naye nga mu kukola kino kye kibadde kikoleddwa.

Amaanyi g’Emmere

Licerdee afuga embalirira y'ensimbi y'eggwanga mu buyinza bwayo. Tewali ssente ziyinza okufunibwa mu Ssente okuggyako nga ziweereddwa amateeka. "Okwawula kwa kasawo" kekenneenye k'akakulu ak'estabi. Omukulembeze wa gavumenti ayinza okusabibwa okuwagira ensimbi eziweebwa programu, naye Congress asalawo oba ziyinza kuwaayo ssente nnyingi oba n'meka. Mu myaka egyakayita, enkalu z'enteeko z'enkola ziviiriddeko gavumenti okuziba nga akakiiko akakiiko akafuzi kamaze okulemererwa okusasula ebbanja.

Okwenoonyeza Omuze ogw’Okufiirwa Omugabo

Ennyumba y'Ababaka erina obuyinza obw'okusalira abakungu bonna ab'eggwanga nga mw'otwalidde Pulezidenti, Pulezidenti, era n'abalamuzi. Okuvunaana omusango kukwataganyizibwa n'oludda oluwaayi olw'ensonga.=ssomero livunaana omukungu ono "olw'ensonga, obulyi bw'enguzi, oba obumenyi bw'amateeka obulala obw'amaanyi." Olukiiko olwo lwosala omusango, era akawumbi nga kasatu ku buli omu ku buli muntu alina okusibawo akakiiko akasimbye akasimbye akawandu, era ne kasalibwawo akasiikiriza omukungu oyo n'agiggya mu ofiisi. Bapresitulikiti basatu bokka (And Johnson, Bill Clinton, ne Donald Trump) be bokka be baagibwa mu Nnyumba eyo, wadde nga tewali n'omusirikale w'abasibeesi mu kkooti y'okuggyawo.

Endagaano Egaba Obuyambi n’Okuvaako Ekivume

Ssain eteekwa okusemba endagaano ezireeteddwa Prezidenti ezitakkirizibwa. Kino kikakasa nti obwetwaze obw'ensi yonna bukola nga ebisaze ebisukka mu bisatu bikola nga ebiwagirwa emirundi esatu ebiri; ate era, Consert eyinza okutegeeza enzikkiriza okusoosa kwa mateeka nga bakuba akalulu kwa buli kika kya ssatu; nno, ebiba biteekwa okukyusibwa ebitundu bisatu mu bina eby'ensi.

Enteekateeka y’Akwasisa Amateeka: Okuva ku Bill Okudda ku Mateeka

Okutegeera engeri kampuni gye zigoberera amateeka g'amateeka kyetaagisa okwekenneenya enkola y'okussaawo amateeka.

Okutandika Okuzimbira

Buli omu ali mu kakiiko akategese akayinza okwawulawo ebiwandiiko. Mu Nnyumba, etteeka liteekeddwa mu "omukozi oba olukiiko, ab'oluganda bawandiisa ebiba bizingirwamu mu nsalo.

Okwejjukanya n’Okwejjukanya kw’Akakiiko

Bwe bamala okukwasibwa, ebbaasa eweebwa akakiiko akayimiridde era nga ke kafuga ensonga eyo. Obukiiko bwe businga obunene obutwala abantu nga bayimusa. Batuula ku bujulizi, bakuŋŋaanya obujulizi obukugu, era ne baddawo okukuba empaka. Akakiiko kayinza okulonda okuyita "kussa" olukusa nga kamaze okukitegeeza mu kisenge ekijjuvu. Ebbanja ebisinga obungi bifa mu kakiiko; abawonawo basindikibwa wansi.

Ng'ekyokulabirako, Akakiiko Akawaabiriza akawaabizo kalina obukiiko bwa kkumi na bubiri obukola ku nkwata y'entengo ez'enjawulo.Akakiiko kano kasobozesa buli omu ku buli lukiiko okuteekako ennukuta mu buli nsonga.

Okuwakanya n’Okukyusa Obulamu bw’Abantu

Mu Nnyumba, akakiiko akategese enzivuunula y'amateeka kassaawo emitendera ku buli kawyiro.[1] Ekiragiro bwe kiba nga tekirina k'oludda oluwanvu, ekinaakyusa ebbanga meka, era oba nga ebbanga lya kisale kiyinza okulongoosebwa. Olukiiko olukulu teruliiko kkomo emirundi mingi; okukalambira ku ngeri y'okukwata amasanyu nga 60 ak'abalonde. Kino kisobozesa n'ekitongole ekikessi kya seneesi okuwanirira oba okusibirako obululu. Ekiragiro kya finbuster okufuuka ekitundu ekisookerwako ek'enkola ku k'empakalu era nga kyetaagisa obululu obunene bw'amateeka mangi okuwanirira.

Ababeeba ku mabbali g'essente ezisaasaanyizibwa mu lukiiko olukulu olw'ensi yonna, bwe baba nga bawakana, bayinza okukyusiza ebbeetu ze baba bataddewo ssente eziba zifuniddwa.

Okuyoya n’Essaawa

Oluvannyuma lw'okukuba akavwoota, mu Nnyumba, okulonda kuteekebwa ku buwandiike ku kompyuta; mu Lukiiko Olukulu, okulonda okuyita kujja kuba kwa bulijjo mu mateeka amakulu. Abasinga obungi ku abo bakkirizibwa okuyisa essomero (bwetaafu ku mateeka ga nkozesa ya nfunze oba endagaano). Singa bayisibwa, ensawo etwalibwa mu kisenge ekirala, omulimu we guyimirizibwa. Emirundi mingi, ebisenge byombi biyita mu nkyusa ez'enjawulo; akakiiko akakiiko akatuulamu ne katandikibwawo okugonjoola obutakkaawukano. Singa endagaano etuuka ku n'eyo, obusawo bwombi bujulizi k'enkyusa y'enkola y'eyo eddiriddwawo.

Omulimu gwa Prezida

Ebisenge byombi bwe bikkiriziganya, ebbaasa eryo liweerezebwa Pulezidenti. Pulezidenti alina ennaku kkumi (zikyassibwako akasawo aka) okuliteeka ku mateeka oba mu mateeka. Singa bisendebwawo, akakiiko kayinza okukolagana n'abantu emirundi ebiri mu biro bibiri.[1] Omukulembeze bw'atabaako kye yakolawo era ne Consementssion ne kiba nga tewali kaweefube, etteeka liba nga liteekeddwawo sigimu. Singa Congress Congress al al alwossawo akawumbi nga mu nnaku ezo ekkumi, ekiwandikiro kifa mu n'akasawo akasawo akato.

Endowooza n’Endowooza Ennuŋŋamu: Okukugira Enkizo mu Lukiiko Olukulu

Abakola ekirabo baatandikawo enkola amatabi gye gayinza okukomya amalala. Amatabi g'enkambi ganoonyereza ku ngeri gye gandikuttemu amatabi g'abakulu b'ebitundu n'ag’emisango, ate ne kkaalu y'ebakebejja.

  • [[Act:0] Plative chut[[FULT:1]] – Prezidenti asobola okugaana amateeka, naye Consert esobola okukola nga ate n'empandika n'ebitundu bisatu bibiri.
  • [[NKUMBO:0] Ekiragiro kino kiwandikawo [[[NKULU:1] – Kkooti esinga obukulu eyinza okuyisa amateeka agatateekebwa mu 'Marbury v. Madison [183]]). Kino kyekebe eky'amaanyi ku ky'omukowa w'ekkomera.
  • [[Act:0] Enkizo ey'okukuumira abaami ba mateeka n'okukwata akuuma enkola[[[NT:1]] – Pulezidenti ayinza okugaana okukwasisa amateeka ku lukumbo lwa mateeka, wadde nga kino kireetawo enkaayana.
  • [[Act:0] Okuggyawo n'okuggyawo[[[NKUMBO:1] – Consert esobola okuggyawo Prezidenti oba abalamuzi olw'ensobi gye yakola.
  • [[AK'AMUTANDIKA] K'AKUBEERA Kiwandiiko[[[AK'AWATANDIKWA:1] – Olukiiko olukulu luyinza okulemesa ba pulezidenti okugaana okulagaana oba okukola endagaano.
  • [[:0] Amaanyi g'esawo[[[AK'AWULA] – Consert esobola okukomya emirimu gya bannakyewa.

Ebyokulabirako biraga engeri gye baakwatamu ebibakwatako. Mu 2018, Pulezidenti Franklin D. Roosevelt's "court-packing" akakomyawo akakiiko akaawerera ddala gavumenti. Omukulembeze w'eggwanga Richard Nixon yaleka omulimu gwe oluvannyuma lw'ebiragiro ebyakkirizibwa akakiiko k'Akakiiko k'Awaawo okulonda abamenyi b'amateeka. Mu 2018, Consells adrode Trump's de de voto eya gavumenti ye. Empandiika eyasooka mu kifo kya departeur ye ekkirizibwa, era yeeyongera okugezesebwa.

Ebizibu Ebibaawo mu Kiseera Kino n’Ebirowoozo by’Amaanyi g’Ekibiina

Enteekateeka z’amateeka zizze zigootaanyizibwa nnyo era ekyo kireetedde bannabyabufuzi okuteekawo amateeka agatali gamu.

Enteekateeka y'entongole egenda yeyongera okubaamu entegeka.

Okusoomooza okulala kwe kusigira ab'obuyinza mu bibiina ebifuga. emirundi mingi, Consell eteeka amateeka agalagira abafuzi b'amatabi okuba abafuzi, nga galeetawo ekyo abakugu abamu kye bayita "Eddembe ly'obukulembeze" kino kireetawo ebibuuzo ku kakiiko akafuzi akasalawo obanga akakkirizisa gavumenti okugattika enjigiriza zaako.

Enkola eno eringa ennyimba z'ebyuma ebireetebwa obutereevu, era ng'enkola y'enkola ya kizimbe ereetebwawo abantu abangi ennyo.

fundikira

Amaanyi ga kakiiko akategese ga bunene naye gakoma. Okuva ku mpalo ezibaliddwa mu Katundu I okutegeeza ab'obuyinza abafunibwa okuva ku mutemwa ne Fanant Claus, ettabi lirina ekifo kikulu nnyo mu kussaawo amateeka agafuga eggwanga. Amaanyi ga sikiriginiti ng'okulabirira, okukakasa, obuwagizi, n'amaanyi ga kasawo kaweefube agawa ebikozesebwa okukebera amatabi amalala. Ek'okuteeka mu mateeka, wadde nga kizibu ate nga mu biseera ebimu kisobeetera, gakakasa nti amalogobeetowa gaago mangi galina okuwa ekiragiro eky'okufuga amateeka. Okutegeera amaanyi gano geetaagisa omuntu yenna ayagala okutegeera engeri gavumenti y'obukulembeze gye bukolamu n'engeri abantu gye bayinza okukolaganamu n'okugonjoolamu. Ng'eggwanga bwe kiri, enteekateeka y'okulaakula mu mateeka gaakula mu bifo ebippya, k'eba nga n'entebe z'amateeka zigo.

Okusobola okwongera okusoma, kebera [[FOM:0] Aconstitution okulaba oba ojja kwongerako mu ngeri gye kitegeeramu amaanyi g'okutegeka, kooola .Confor.gov[ Okusobola okuzuula amateeka mu kiseera kyennyini, era ojjule ekiwandiiko eky'edda, era olabe ekkopi ey'ennono eya bulijjo [ Enzikiwandiiko eky'amateeka