Enkyukakyuka mu by’Obufuzi mu Japan

Enkolagana wakati w'eby'obusuubuzi n'eby'obufuzi mu Japan si y'ensonga ey'amaanyi. Empandika eyo esinziirwako okumanyisa engeri gye bifugamu. Okumala amakumi g'emyaka, okusalasagana kuno kwe kusinzidde ku ngeri gye kikwatamu enkola y'eby'enfuna, engeri gye kiyinza okugobererwamu, n'engeri gye kisalawo ku nkola za demokulase. Wadde nga waliwo enkyukakyuka ezikoleddwa mu nkola y'okweyoleka, n'obusimba obukulu obusinga okugattiŋŋana. Amaanyi gano galina okukitegeera nti buli muntu yenna ayagala okutegeera engeri enkola ya Japan gy'ekolamu.

Ensalo z'Ekibiina Ekikoleramu eby’Obusuubuzi mu Japan

Okusikirizibwa okw'eby'obufuzi mu Japan kusibuka butereevu ku kiseera eky'okuzzaawo obwenyisige oluvannyuma lwa ssematalo II. Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo, ab'obuyinza mu Amerika baasaanyawo zaitsu — amakolero amanene agakoleramu amakolero agaakooza ebitongole bya Japan. Naye, singa waabangawo olutalo olw'omu bukiika kkono, enkola y'Amerika yatandika okuzzaawo Japan ng'ekigo eky'omukuumi mu Asiya. Kino kyaviirako obubiina bw'amakolero ga makolero ga makolero gano okugattini nga Keekeritsu: ebivanyunzi eby'ebitongole ebigattiddwako omusaawundiro, ebigobeegattidde abafuzi, n'obudduganyi bannabiziganya.

Ekibinja eky’Eddemokulase n’Ekibiina ky’Abakoporate Patronage

Mu 1955, ekibiina kya Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) kyatandikibwawo mu 1955 nga kyakolebwa nga bannabyabufuzi babiri aba bulijjo, era okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo kyesigamye nnyo ku kuwagira ensawo za kompanyi. Amakolero n'ebibiina bya maindasimu byatwala LDP ng'omuyambi w'ekitongole ekitebenkevu mu bya bizineesi — anti-communist, ebimera, n'ebiwagizi bya maindasiro. Era, LDP yakakasa nti amakolero agakola amakolerwamu ga banka ne makolero gaagala amakolero, okuva mu bbingi n'okuzimba ebitina. Enkolagana eno ey'ekitongole ekyo yamanyibwa nga "Iglen" ya bannabyabufuzi, breaucracrates, ne bannabizine b’amakolero.

Okukolera Awamu n’Abakungu ba Gavumenti

Enteekateeka ya keiretsu yagaziwa okusinga mu by'enfuna obutereevu okusobola okukola ku nkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi. Minetwork nga Mitsubishi, Mitsui, ne Sumitomo baagatta wamu eby'obufuzi okuyitira mu matendekero aga buli wamu nga Japan Business Federation ( Keidan). Okutuusa mu 1990, Keidan yakola enteekateeka ey'okukuŋŋaanya n'okugaba ebiweebwayo eri PLDP. Enteekateeka eyo yasobozesa ebibiina by'eby'obusuubuzi okukaka ebitongole okukaka abantu okukaka ku by'omusolo, okukakasa amateeka ku buwabuzi, obutongole, n'okuddukanya emirimu egigattiddwawo. Era, kampuni ezikola ebizingirwawo mu matendekero gago ga gavumenti.

Omulimu gwa Amabudari

Ekiragiro kino kisinga okulabika. Abakulu b'amasaza bano baleetera ba kampuni okumanya oba okukola emirimu gy'awaka, ng'ate kampuni zikolagana butereevu ne buyinza bwa bannabyabufuzi. Mu ngeri eyo, kampuni zifuna enfuze mu by'obufuzi. Ebifo bya bannakyewa abassa obunene mu matendekero ag'omumatwale gaazo, bajjuzaamu bannaazo abo okumanya ebifa ku magno ge bakolagana, ne kampuni ze zikolagana nazo ne bagoberera enkola eya za gavumenti. Mu ngeri y'emu, bannaayufu abanoonya ebifo ebya waggulu mu kifo eky'okufunira abakozesa baabwe ebibasingako.

Okulongoosa Ebintu

Mu mwaka gwa 1990, enkolagana ennungi wakati wa bannabyabufuzi ne bannabyabufuzi yatandika okuleetawo okukolokota okw'amaanyi. Empagi z'eby'obulyi bw'enguzi ez'amaanyi — nga mwe mwali obuswazi bw'e Recruit (1988) ne obwa Sagawa Kybuni (1992) byalaga omuwendo gw'obulyi bw'enguzi n'okusiibya obuwaze. Obusungu bwa bantu bwaleetawo enkyukakyuka. Enkyuuka z'obufuzi zaateekawo ku n'okuwaayo okumanyisa okulala, era okuwerezebwa kw'enkusaawo kwa bankano kwatwalibwa mu 1990, wadde nga tekwalina kaweefube mu bujjuvu. Mu 1994, ekiteeyambi ekiva mu by'obufuzi byatumbulwa ne birebwawo n'okweyungiza ebitongole.

Ebisengeke eby'Okukyusa Obukodyo obw'Okukomyawo

Wadde nga waliwo enkyukakyuka zino, ssente ezikolebwa mu kampuni tezinnaba kuggwaawo. Mu kifo eky'okuwandiika obukebere obutereevu eri bannabyabufuzi, bannabyabufuzi bayamba ebitongole bya politiki (nga k'empaka'e'e'e'e'PPP' Kkumin Kyokai [[[FLLT:1]], oba National Association). Era bawagidde okugula obutuuti bw'eby'eby'obufuzi, okugula amathirolagi ga bya bya bya bya bufuzi, era ne ssente nga zikola ebizibiina by'obusuubuzi. A2020 ebya projekiti n'eby'amakolero n'amakolero biraga nti ebigezo ebikolebwamu mu nsi za PDP bitegekebwawo. Mu butuufu, obungi obungi bw'enteeyambisibwa ssente eziteeyambisibwa mu by'eby'eby'eby'obufuzi.

2024 Ebyafaayo by’Eby’obufuzi ne Kye Byavaako

Akabenje akaasinga okujjawo mu myaka 2023, abawaabi bwe baakizuula nti abawaabirwa b'enkola za LDP bangi baasanga obukadde n'obukadde bwa yeen nga bawandiisa ssente mu kifo eky'enjawulo okumala emyaka etaano. Kaaweerabuddabububudda yakaka Pulezidenti Fumio Kisida okusaanuula obutundutundutundutundutundutundu obulala obwa LDP era n'aviirako abawandiisi b'amateeka okuvunaana obutuufu, era kino kyalaga nti waakiri emyaka mingi oluvannyuma lw'okuleetawo enkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi, akakwate wakati w'essente n'obukulembedde n'obuwanguzi obukyasimu.

Engeri Enkola y’Akakiiko Akakola ku by’Obuvunaanyizibwa gy’Enkola

Ebibiina bya bannabizineesi birina kye biraga mu bifo ebitali bimu. Engeri Japan gy'ekola ku kuzza obuweerero mu by'enfuna, ku nkola z'amaanyi, n'okulongoosebwa kw'abakozi, byonna ebyoleka obuzito bwa maanyi bwa kampuni.

Omutemwa gwa makolero ne "Japan Inc".

Ekiragiro kino kisobozesa obusaale busatu — okukendeeza, okunyiinya, n'okukyusa ebiva mu mulimu. Era buyambye mu kunoonya eby'obugagga mu nsi endala. Obusaale obusatu obwakolebwa mu kiseera kya Primeters Shinzo Abe (2020). Obusaale obw'amaanyi — okukendeeza, okubuyungiza, n'okukyusa mu nkyukakyuka mu byuma, byakolebwa mu kuteesa ne [[FLT:]] Kennann[ ne ku Butebe bw'eby'obusuubuzi mu Japan. Abawakanya enkola eno baateeka essira ku kyeyava mu by'obugagga n'obugagga.

Amaanyi ga Nuleevi n’Okukwata Amaanyi ga Nukuliya

Ekiragiro kino tekirina we kiyinza kubeererawo okusinga mu nkola y'amaanyi ga nukiriya mu Japan. Oluvannyuma lwa katyabaga k'amaanyi ga nukiriya aka 2011 mu Fukushima, endowooza abantu gye baalina ku maanyi ga nukuliya. Kyokka mu mwaka gwa 2023, gavumenti ya LDP yakkiriza okuddamu okuddamu okukozesebwa era yawalirizibwa okugaziya ebikolero bya kampuni ebikola ku by'amaanyi ga nunic. Okukendeeza ku maanyi g'amasannyalaze agava mu bitundu bino kweyolekera nnyo ebinene ebiva ku nkola ya KLDP. Mu mwaka gwa 2012, gavumenti ya Nuclear Regpeal Aumedget, yatandikawo obwetwaleetwaze, era n'okumanyisa obuwabuzi obusinga obungi obunene obuva mu magye.

Okugaana enkola ya bannasayansi mu kukola n'okukuba "Emikutu Egikola ku Bannasayansi"

Ebibiina bya babizineesi byewagidde bulijjo okukendeeza ku byuma ebikozesebwa okukola emirimu okusobola okukendeeza ku bbeeyi n'okwongera ku buwanguzi. Nga bagoberera bendera "bukodyo obw'okukula," LDP etaddewo amateeka agagaziya mu mikago gy'abakoza abaddu abakoleramu aba bulijjo (]]] saiyo kamunyu .[FLT]] kamu ku budde [[FLT:]]]] [FLT]] [[FLT]]] era n'okuziyiza emirimu egikolebwa abagenda gikolebwa. Ekivaamu, omuwawuubaga wakati w'embeera ennungi ez'abakozi mu makka n'abasinga obungi.

Okulonda, Amazima g’Ekibiina, n’Emirimu gy’Okugaba Kaweefube

Kaweefube mu Japan wa byuma bya bya bufuzi era nga za bbeeyi. Wadde nga wabaddewo obuyambi bwa gavumenti mu Japan, abo abaagala okugenda ku mulimu bassente okuva ku basuubuzi ne batunda buli kimu okuva ku ttivi okusobola okupangisa emmotoka ez'ebbeeyi n'okusasula abakozi. Amakolero ga LDP gaafuna obugunjufu bwa gavumenti[[FLT][1] era nga gaasaasaanyizibwawo okutuusa bwe gaafaananira ddala mu 2024, gaalina obweya bwonna obuva ku kizimbe n'amakolero g'amakolero gennyini ag'okuzimba amakolero. Muddig k'ebyo ebitongole ebikola ebikola ku lukawulo n'okusasula emisolo.

Okuwaayo era kusobozesa abakungu okufuna obuyinza mu bibiina. Enkola eno esobozesa bannabyabufuzi okufuna essente ez'enjawulo mu kulonda pulezidenti w'ekituuti (era bwe kityo katina kampuni). Kino kireetawo ekiwandikiro. Bannabyabufuzi abalwanirira enkola za bizineesi bafuna ebiweebwayo ebisingawo, ekibasobozesa okufuna obutuuze obwa waggulu, basobole okwongera ku b'enkola za kampuni. .com Cekenneenya ekitongole kya PM [ kiraga nti bannabyabufuzi abagoba obukulembeze b'amakompulizi mu by'engajjukanya batwala obunene obuva mu makolero agava mu makolero agatali ga matutumu.

Abakozi Baakuuma Okuziyizibwa

Kikulu nnyo okumanya nti LDP si kye kibiina kyokka ekigendera ku mayanja aga n' ga . Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan (CDP) okufuna obuwagizi obw'amaanyi okuva mu ntegeka z'abakozi, naddala enzivvuunvu za Japaani Tradenti Union Confederation ([[FL:0]]]] Rengo[[FLLP]]). Wadde nga okugobererwa kw'obuwagizi bw'ekibiina kwakkirizibwa mu mateeka, kukola ekika kya ntegeka y'ebbeeyagabo. Kyokka, okusasula kw'ekibiina kwa muwendo mungi nnyo okusinga eby'obugagga ebya Japan ebikolerwako. Mu kalulu 2021, KLD PPspulet , akawumbi akasinga obungi kajjuzibwa mu kitongole ekitongole ekikola CD nga kimu ku kinna kya CD essawo.

Ekibiina kya Ssistemu ne Plutocracy

Kaweefube ow'okulonda omu omukinnyi omu bwe kiba nga kiyinza okugula omunyabintu asukka obukadde 930,000 — nga 1,800,000, era n'abalala bangi abali mu masaza agavuganya — obwetaavu bw'abawagizi ab'ekitongole eky'ekika kya PCCC bubeera bwa maanyi nnyo. Obubonero obwo businziira ku abo abawaayo ssente. Japan]2023 Times Kino kyagss procencessss, akiikirira abawandikimu n'ebitongole ebikendeddewo, be basinziira ku ku kuzimba n'okuwaayo kwa kampuni z'obulimi, ebiba biyamba okuwakanya okunoonyereza [

Ate era, okuba nti bannabyabufuzi ba waggulu nnyo mu makomputa kiremesa ebibiina okulabika.

Okugezaako Okulemesa Nexus

Ebibiina ebikola ku kukyusa ebifa ku nzijuvu z'enkola ez'okukyusa ebiwandikiro bigezezzaako okukendeeza oba okunafuya enkyuza n'enkola ezikwatagana ne bannabizineka. Mu 1990, okulonda ebya Projectal ne bidda mu kifo kyabyo ne bifuuka ebitundu ebigattidwako ebitundu bibiri era ne biteekebwamu ebitundu ebigattiddwamu ebitundu ebisukka mu kimu, nga bikendeeza ku bbeeyi y'ebbeeyi y'essente ez'okukyusaamu mu bya buwandisi. Mu kukola kino, embalirira y'okuddukanya okusobola okusobozesa abawagizibwa mu disitulikiti emu okweyongera kubanga abo abaagala okugenda okwefunira obugazi.

Mu 2024, nga bagoberera enkola eno ey'okuwera oba okukoma ku kuteekawo etteeka enzivuunula y'omulimu. LDP yawa olukalala lw'amateeka amapya nga mw'otwalidde n'okuwera ebibiina ebiwamba ebiwamba ebiwandiikibwa obutuuti, ekisaanyizo eky'okufumba dipulooma ku dipulogulamu eziba ziteekeddwawo mu mpandiika z'ebyobufuzi mu mwaka gwa 885,000, n'ebibonero eby'amaanyi ennyo ebirengo olw'okumenya amateeka ga gavumenti. Kyokka, amateeka gaalekerawo okuwera okuwera oba okuwera emiwerengo gya kampuni. Nkusaba nti Reutersssssssss ziwandike obuvunaanyizibwa obw'okuzza ebizimbewo ebizimbewo. Ebitongole ebiwakanya gavumenti bye byeyongera okuwera okuwera okuwera ku ku ku ku ku kuteeka ssente eziweebwayo mu magoba ga makolero, naye tekivaamu ne bye bifulumya mu lupapula lw'etuluba.

Obutuuze n’Ekifo ky’Abatabaganya

Grasroots Ebibiina nga Simin ot Koe (Eddoboozi) ne Japan Federation of Bar Associations Gitera okufulumya alipoota ezikwata ku by'obufuzi ezireetebwa mu ngeri ennungi. Ziraga nti essente ezitasigibwa mu byuma tezifulumibwamu oba eziva ku byuma tezimanyibwamu mu byuma ziweebwa LDP. Era ebinyuma by'eby'amacongo bitera okukebera ebisabibwa — Sach Shimbu n'ebya Tokyo Shimbu ku by'obuswavuzi — naye ekikolebwa kimala, era buli mbagirawo enzijiro egoberera enkola empya ey'okwewala.

Olugero: Ekibala ky’Ebigambo

Okusalaŋŋana ebitongole n'engeri gye bifugamu mu Japan si ngeri ya kaseera buseera oba eya bulijjo — ngeri y'okukwatamu enkola y'ebyobufuzi. Okuva ku lutalo okutuuka ku kampeyini ez'enjawulo, kampuni ezikola emirimu enzirukanyanya ez'eby'ensimbi, ebizikwatako bibadde bikola ku afuga n'engeri gye bafuga. Enkyukakyuka zikoleddwa, naye ziwa endowooza ez'enjawulo ku bubonero mu kifo ky'ensonga enkulu: okwetongoza obutunzi z'ebibiina by'obufuzi ku ssente eza kinnoomu.

Kino kisobola okutegeeza engeri Japan gy'eyinza okugonjoolamu embeera y'obudde ng'ensi ekyukakyuka, enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde, okuteeyisa mu ngeri y'emu n'embeera y'eby'enfuna. Abatuuze ba gavumenti ya Japan beesigama ku nkola eya demokulase mu nsi yaabwe okugatta abakulembeze ku bawagizi ba kampuni oba okusobozesa abantu okulonda bannaabwe okusala emisango ku nkolagana yaabwe.