Okutegeera Obuvunaanyizibwa bwa Gavana mu Gavumenti

Gavana y'akulira ebitongole mu buli 50, ebifo bina eby'omu Amerika, ne disitulikiti ya Columbia. Gavana omukulu alina ekifo eky'amaanyi ku nkola y'eggwanga, ku ntegeka z'enkola, ku ntegeka, ku ntegeka, ne ku ntegeka za gavumenti. Wadde nga gavumenti z'empandika n'obuvunaanyizibwa bya gavumenti tebikyuka okusinziira ku nkola ya ssemateeka, omulimu gwa gavana si gwa bulijjo: okumenya amateeka ga gavumenti, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze w'eggwanga, n'okukolera awamu ne gavumenti.

Obutuuze obw'omu kiseera kino bugattiddwako obuyinza obwa puligaalyo, obukulembeze, n'obukulembeze. Gavana basuubirwa okutegeeza gavumenti yaabwe ekinaabatuukako, okuteesa n'abawi b'amateeka, okulagira abakungu ba gavumenti, era n'okukola ku bizibu ebiva ku kwatuka n'okuddirira kw'eby'enfuna. Okutegeera omuwendo gw'omulimu guno gwa mugaso eri buli muntu eyeekenneenya gavumenti ya Amerika, enkola ya gavumenti, oba obukulembeze mu by'obufuzi.

Ebyafaayo Byajjawo mu Bulamu Obutuufu

Obuweereza bwa gavana w'eggwanga nga tennaba kutandika lukalala lwa Amereka, nga gavana bannaawula abaalondebwa Gavumenti ya Bungereza. Oluvannyuma lw'obwetwaze, ssemateeka w'eggwanga eyasooka yatandikawo amacaka g'abagavumenti ag'amaanyi era ne bagavana abanafu ennyo mu ngeri y'okuwakanya obufuzi. Kyokka, mu byasa eby'ekkumi n'ekkumi n'esatu n'amakumi abiri, amaanyi ga ga ga ga ga ga gassanyuma okweyongera. Okukyuka okweyongerayongerayongerayongerayongerayongera kw'amaanyi mu nkola y'okulonda ab'obukulembeze mu ttwale bwa U.S, okutongoza omulimu gw'eggwanga mu ttwale lya gavumenti z'ebwenya za Amereka obukola enkola z'eby'obuyinza ebya bulijjo.

Mu matandika g'emyaka 1900, bannaalukalala abaali bazze beeyongera mu maaso mu by'obufuzi gamba nga Robert La Follette ow'e Wisconsin ne Hiram Johnson ow'e California baakozesa ofiisi zaabwe okulwanirira eby'okukozesa ebya demokulase, okulongooseza emirimu gy'abantu n'okulagira enkola y'eggaali y'omukka. Mu kiseera ky'okwennyamiza okw'amaanyi okw'obwannalukalala, bannaakyemalira mu by'enfuna nga Franklin D. Roosevelt ow'omu New York (nga tanaali nga yafuuka prezidenkola) benyigidde mu kudduukanyabo n'emirimu gya bantu. Mu kiseera kyaffe, bannaakyeyongera okumanyisa enkola, nga bannaaweefube mu ku by'obufuzi obwa demokratifu.

Ebintu Ebikulu Ebiri mu Kutegeka

  • Okutongoza akakiiko ka bannaago akampi, akaayongera amaanyi mu kukozesa obutundutundu obutonotono mu kutegeka ebiba bitegekeddwa.
  • Okugaziwa kw'obuyinza mu kukola enmalirira, nga kiwa bagavana obuyinza okuwa era n'okutegeka embalirira y'ensi.
  • Okukulaakulana kwa gavumenti kwasobozesa ab’obuyinza okutegeka emirimu okugoberera emitindo gy’eggwanga.
  • Ekiragiro kino kisobozesa abafuzi obutagoberera enkola y'amateeka.

Abakungu ba Gavana

Gavana alina abafuzi abatwalibwa okuba abatutumufu mu maaso ga prezidenti naye nga batuukana n'emitindo gya gavumenti. Wabula, obufuzi buno butera okuteekebwa mu mateeka g'ensi era bunnyonnyolwa nga bagoberera amateeka ne kkooti. Obufuzi obusinga obukulu buzingiramu:

Obulagirizi bw'Ekibiina ekifuga entegeka n'obulagirizi

Ekiragiro bannaakyemalira bakkirizibwa okuwa abafuzi obulagirizi ku bitongole bya gavumenti, okusala amateeka agagiriwo, n'okukola ku nsonga eziba tezinnakolebwa nga tebalinze kuweebwa nkola ya mateeka. Ng'ekyokulabirako, bannabyabufuzi bangi bawa ebiragiro ebikugira okubeera kudda ku nnyumba ne ku kanyassi mu kiseera kya kyekwakula kya COVID19. Ekiragiro kino kirina obuyinza bw'amateeka naye kiyinza okubuusibwabuusibwabuusibwa mu kkooti oba okuvuusibwabuusibwabuusibwa mu masaza agamu. Ekiragiro kya gavumenti ezimu kiwa enguuni obuyinza obw'okufuga oba gavumenti ez'okufuga tezikola nga zilindirira omulimu. Amagattirwa agamu gawa enguuzi, ate amalala geetaagisa empalo ez'okussaawo ebiragiro ebisukka mu nnaku ntono.

Amaanyi n’Ebiragiro

Gavana bonna abalina obuyinza ku biwandiiko ebiyimizibwa gavumenti y'efuga, wadde ng'amaanyi g'ensiamu gaawukana. Amawanga anamu gaba ne gassawo line-item to ku biwandiiko ebigabana, ebibasobozesa okukuba ssente ezisaasaanyizibwa nga tezisse embalirira ssente. Gavumenti era galina omutemwa gwa ddo (guyinza okukolebwa olw'okuvvugibwa obululu obw'amaanyi ennyo) era mu bigambo ebimu, [[FLT:] ensative oba [FLT:] [FFFF:]] [FOLT] [FF]] [FFFFFF]] [frentantancedrotation toto[FFFF:] [5] ekibateego kye kiba kibateedendeka akalagiro, ne ku mateeka.

Ebika by’Amaanyi ga Veto

  • Empandika eya bulijjo: Gavana takkiriza mu bujjuvu mu mateeka; sirvey ate ate yo eyinza okulonda ebibiri mu ssatu ssatu.
  • Ekintu ekiri ku layini: Gavana attaganya ebintu ebiba bisengekeddwa mu sente ezikozesebwa okuteekako appendix.
  • Ekiragiro ekisobozesa enzivuunula y'ebivaamu okukendeeza ku bungi bw'enkola ekolebwamu ebintu (ekozesebwa mu bitundu ebimu nga Maryland ne Wisconsin).
  • Ekiragiro ekifuga enkola ey'okugonjoolera ensonga: Gavana addiza etteeka nga liweereddwa enkyukakyuka; soomiina eririna okukkiriza oba okuggulawo ekiwandiiko.

Amaanyi g'Okulonda n'Ettabi ly'Ekibiina Ekyekulira

Gavana alonda abakulembeze b'ebitongole bya gavumenti, badayirekita, n'abo ababa batwala obukiiko. Engeri zino ez'okulonda mu bifo gamba ng'etteeka erikwata obutonde, emitindo gy'eby'enjigiriza, obulabirizi n'entambula. Mu magatte mangi, okulondebwa kw'obukulembeze ku by'obukulembeze kukwetaagisa obutongole bwa gavumenti okukakasibwa abawa abakungu ba gavumenti.

Omukulu w'eggye lya gavumenti

Gavana mu buli ssemazinga, akola ng'omuduumizi w'ekitongole ekikuuma eggwanga okuggyako nga prezidenti alondedde Abaserikale mu buweereza. Ab'obuyinza bano bawa bannabyabufuzi amaanyi okuteekateeka amagye g'abakuumi mu bibamba eby'omu butonde, obusambattuko bw'abantu, era n'obujjanjabi bw'eby'obulamu. Gavana era ayinza okukubiriza abakuumi okuwagira amateeka mu kiseera ky'obukankano oba okuyamba mu by'ekisawo mu kiseera ky'omulwadde. enjawulo wakati w'eggwanga n'okufuga abakuumi ebadde mutwe gwa kuwakana, naddala mu kiseera nga mu 202020 wabeekankanyi.

Abalya ku Mikolo n’Abakoza

Gavana abasinga obungi balina obuyinza okusonyiwa oba okusonyiwa abamenyi b'amateeka ku nkola zaabwe eza gavumenti. Ab'obuyinza bano bakola ng'okukebera ebitongole ebisala eby'amateeka era baleka kampuni okutereeza obutali bwenkanya oba okulaga obusaasizi. Eggwanga ezimu zirina akakiiko akasobola okusonyiwa oba okuyisa obulungi ab'obuyinza, ate mulala ne gavana akola nga ye yekka. Gavana Gavin Newsom ow'e California oba Gavana Desantis ow'e Florida, emirundi mingi asikiriza abantu okukubagattira ku gavana gavumenti era n'okukubagaaw'ensonga ku bukulu.

Omulimu Gwa Gavana mu Kuddukanya Ebizibu

Mu myaka egiyise, ba Gavana be basuubirwa okukulembera ab’obuyinza mu bintu ebitali bimu, era ekyo kiyinza okubaleetera okulekera awo okuweereza nga baweereddwa obuyinza.

  • [[Act:0] Kino kireetera embeera ey'obuttu okutegeeza nti obudde obw'akabenje bulina okukoma. Kino kireetera okusobola okufuna ssente eziba zituukiriziddwa mu byagwawo ebiva ku kyawaanyizibwa ekiwandikiro oba ekiwandikiro.
  • [[Akabonero:0] Obusobozi obufuga engeri gye bukozesebwamu: Gavana akwanaganya omulimu gw'okuwerezebwa kw'amagye g'eggwanga, ebitongole eby'obujjanjabi eby'omu bwewagguzi, n'abakwasisa amateeka okusobola okukosebwa mu bifo.
  • [[AK:0] Kampani n'ebitongole bya sistemu: Gavana akolera wamu ne FEMA, CDC, n'ebibiina ebirala eby'ensi n'okufuniramu obuyambi, eby'enkola, n'obukugu.
  • [[Act:0] Okukwatagana ne abantu bonna:[[KITANDIKI] Ba Gavana bakuba enkuŋŋaana, ebisomebwa mu by'obulamu, n'okuteekamu ebiragiro ebikyusa ennyunzi ez'oku nsi.

Mu kawumpuli w'ekibiina kya 19 akaakwatibwa, bannaakyemalira baayamba nnyo mu kugonjoola ebizibu by'obulamu, nga basalawo ku bikwata ku kuggalawo amasomero, n'okugasa omuwendo gw'ensawo ezigaba amalwanyi.

Gavana Okukolagana n’Akakiiko k’Ettaka

Enteekateeka ya gavana ne sinooni y'emu nnyo mu by'obufuzi. Obutafaananako pulezidenti, alina kakiiko akalondeddwa awatali kukka, bagavana bameja bangi bakolagana n'ekibiina ekimu ekiyinza okufugibwa ekibiina ekirala. Gavana abatuuka ku buwanguzi beenyigidde nnyo mu kuzimba entebe z'obutebenkevu n'ebitundu ebiri mu makkati aga fayiro.

Obuyinza bw’Edda

Mu buli ssemateeka, gavana alina obuvunaanyizibwa mu kuteekateeka era n'okuwaayo embalirira eri akakiiko akakola enteekateeka y'amalabbaamu. Kino kiwa gavana eky'okukozesa eky'enkola eky'okuteekateeka entegeka. Ekibuuzo ekyo kiraga nti gavana mu by'enjigiriza, mu by'obujjanjabi, ne mu by'obukuumi ebya lukale. Amateeka gakyusa embalirira y'entongole era nga n'embalirira y'omulimu guba gumenya amateeka. Gavana alina amaanyi ga n'amaanyi ayinza okuwaliriza abawi wa matteeka okukkiriza okugula ebintu bye batwala ng'ebikulu oba okufiirwa ssente ze bateeka mu mirimu gy'abasitulikiti.

Okuyogera ku Mutendera

Gavana ategeeza abantu essomero lya gavumenti eriba limu ku ssemazinga wa gavumenti, nga lifaanana ne State of the Union, era nga bassawo ebintu ebisookerwako mu mateeka n'okukuza embaga.

Okuzimba Obubinja n’Okuwangula Omugaati Ogunnyigga Obulwadde Obuyitibwa Okill less

Gavana w'ekibiina kya gavana bw'aba nga tafuga n'akakiiko k'eggwanga, ab'eggwanga balese amateeka amakulu nga bakolera wamu mu mitendera egitali gimu. Ng'ekyokulabirako, Gavana Larry Hogan ow'e Maryland (a Republican) atera okukolagana ne kakiiko akafuzi ak'amaanyi okuyisa ebisale eby'entambula n'eby'essente. Ku luuyi olulala, gavumenti eyawulamu esobola okuteekawo amateeka agatali gamu, era n'okuteeka mu nkola enzijanjabarira y'empuni.

Ebizibu Gavana ow’Omu Kiseera Kino by’Ayolekaganye Nabyo

Gavana akolera mu kifo ekikulembezebwa ennyo nga waliwo okuvuganya okuva ku bannakyewa, ebitongole ebigaba obuteefiibwako, n'ab'obuyinza mu ggwanga. Obumu ku buzibu obukyasinze okukolebwa mwe muli:

Okuziyizibwa n’Okuweebuuka mu by’Eby’obufuzi

Gavumenti bwe zeyongera okweyawulayawula mu mawanga, gavumenti zireeseewo okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okuva mu bantu abatono, mu bibiina ebigaba obuyambi, ne mu bibiina ebirala.'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''k' ekikolebwa ebikolebwa ebikolebwa ebikolebwa ebikolebwa ebikolebwa ebikolebwa ebibadde by'ewambe ng'ak'ebukk'ewabububuulibang -buulibujijijijijijijijijijijijijijijijijijijijiji

Obubonero obusinga okukolebwamu

Gavumenti zino ziteekwa okuziwa gavana okusalawo ku nsonga ezizibu ezikwata ku misolo, okusalawo ssente eziba zisigaddewo, okukendeeza ku ssente eziba zisigaddewo.

Empandika eya Federal Errectoras

Gavana emirundi mingi yeesanga nga takkiriziganya na gavumenti, naddala singa ekibiina ekiwakanya ekibiina ekyo kifuga enkola eno.

Okukwata Obulungi Ebyafaayo n’Obukodyo mu Bifulumiramu

Mu myaka egikulaakulanye ennyo mu mikutu gy'empuliziganya ne mu mawulire egimala essaawa 24, bannaakyemalira banoonyezebwa buli kiseera. Gavumenti omu bw'alemererwa mu nkola z'amateeka oba obuswavu bwonna, buli mitwe gy'emitwe gy'amawulire gisobola okuwuliziganya obulungi nga bakuba emboozi ku mikutu gy'empuliziganya, nga babuuza ebibuuzo, era nga bakuba ppulikiti ku kompyuta. Era bapikirizibwa abawaakyewa abali ku kkono n'eggyo ddyo, nga kiba kumpi tekisoboka kusanyusa buli omu.

Ebirowoozo by’Ebiragiro n’Emigaso

Ekkubo ery'okufuuka gavana bulijjo litwaliramu ebyo ebiba bikoleddwa nga tewannabaawo lukalala lw'ebyobufuzi, gamba nga muteesiteesi, munnamateeka, gavana, oba meeya. Gavana balondebwa nga balonda mu bitundu 50 byonna, era okulonda kukolebwa buli luvannyuma lwa myaka ena okuggyako mu New Hampshire ne Vermont, awaba emitwe gy'emyaka ebiri. Gavumenti asatu n'omusanvu ziteeka ekkomo ku mateeka, ne zisala bannamateeka ne baba nga bawandisizza emyanti bbiri ez'enfunda.

Kaweefube n’Enfuna

Kaweefube ow'okuvuganya z'abakungu agula ssente nnyingi era yeeyongera okumanyibwa mu ggwanga. Ababuulizi beesigama ku kuwaayo okuva mu ssemasaza ne mu matwale, obukiiko obukola ku by'obufuzi, ne ku bukiiko bw'ebituuti. Ebbeeyi y'enkalo z'okuvuganya mu ggwanga eddene nga California, Texas, oba New York zenkanankanankana obukadde bwa doola z'Amerika. Gavumenti ziteekwa okusaasaasa ssente buli kiseera nga bali mu ofiisi, okwetegekera okulonda oba okuddukanya ebifo ebisingako.

Gavana mu Kizimbe Ekirabirira

Gavana bakola nga enkola enkulu wakati w'eggwanga ne gavumenti. Bassaawo kampuni za gavumenti nga Medicaid, insuwalensi ez'obusobozi bw'emirimu, n'essente ez'okuwaayo mu by'entambula. Era bakola omulimu mu nkola y'okulonda pulezidenti: abakulu b'eggwanga balabirira enkola y'okulonda (abalabirizi b'eggwanga nga bakwata okulonda) era batera okutwalibwa nga bannabyabufuzi oba abateesiteesi. Bamasaza bangi bafuuse ba prezidenti nga Jimon Carter, nga mw'otwalidde ne Ronald Reaunt, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, ne Joe Biden.

Gavana era alanga obuwagizi ku nsonga zaabwe mu Washington, D.C., okuyitira mu ntegeka eziringa Guvanalments Association era ne Association of Gavanal Association of [. Bakkiriza bakkuŋŋaamya bamemba n'obukulembeze bw'abantu ku nsonga gamba nga obuweerero, ebisaasaanyizo n'obujja mu by'eby'obulamu. Obusobozi obw'okutandikawo enkolagana ne bannaawula bannaawvana bano.

Weegeraageranye n’Abakulembeze b’Amerika

Wadde nga gavumenti zitera okugeraageranyizibwa ku nnaakyemalira, waliwo enjawulo ez'amaanyi. Gavana talina buyinza businga bwa ba prezidenti. Ebiragiro byabwe biyinza okusaanyizibwawo mangu amasojala g'eggwanga. Balina obuyinza okuteekawo abalamuzi ab'eggwanga, okulagira abajaasi oba enkola y'amagye. Kyokka, bannabyabufuzi balina obuyinza bungi ku bulamu bwa buli lunaku: balabirira obuyigirize, eby'entambula, obubenje, n'eby'obujjanjabi mu ngeri gavumenti gye tesobola kutuukirizaamu.

Gavana era afuna obuzibu butono nnyo mu nkola z'ensi endala, ne kiba nti batandika okussaayo omwoyo ku nsonga z'amaka.

Ekifo kya Gavana mu Bifo Ebikulu

Obuyigirize

Gavana yassaawo ebipimo by'essente mu kussaawo abamemba b'essomero, era n'asemba okutereeza enzivuunula z'obuyigirize, obukolo mwe baalonda n'emitindo egikwata ku kuteekateeka ebinaago. Ekiragiro buli Muyizi Huedues Act (ESA) kyawa gavumenti obuyinza bungi ku buyigirize obwa waggulu, ne kisobozesa bannabyabufuzi okwongera okubaako enkyuka mu nkola y'embalirira y'enjigiriza mu nkola ya K-12. Obuyigirize obwa waggulu era kye kintu abakungu mu kulonda amakompursannyalaze ne bakyusa embalirira za yuni.

Obujjanjabi

Gavana asalawo obanga banaagaziya Medicaid mu Affordcable Care Act, okuteesa ne insunsurensi, n'okufuga obutaka bwa insuwalensi z'eby'obulamu. era balabirira ebitongole bya gavumenti eby'eby'obulamu ebifuga kaweefube w'okugoota endwadde, okulambula obuwuka, n'obutebenkevu mu by'emmere.

Obwenkanya

Gavana alonda abalamuzi (mu bitundu ebimu), okusonyiwa, era n’okuteekawo enkola esobozesa okuzza emisango mu nkola enzivuunula z'amateeka. bagavana bangi bakkiriziganyizza ku kusalira emisango egiba gikoleddwa okuzza emisango mu nkola enkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi, okuzza emisango mu kukendeeza emiwendo gy'abasibe.

Gavana Abategeevu n’Emisango gya Bannaabwe

Gavana bangi balese akabonero akatajjulukuka ku nkola za Amereka. An Richards mu Texas (91191-1991) baamanyibwa olw'okukyusa kw'amateeka mu kkomera, n'enkyukakyuka mu by'obufuzi. [[[FLT:]] Marioomo[[FLT:]]] Kantu] Kaamu n'omuyinzi wa New York (1998194) yali mubugezi wa maanyi era nga awagira emitindo gy'ebiteego eby'enjjulufu. [[FLT:] Muvugiro.[FLT][FULT][FULT][FUN] Kino kikyusa mu kifo eky'okumanyira empewoongerako mu by'obulamu [Fosse][F][10] ate nga ku nsonga enkulu]

fundikira

Omulimu gwa gavana y'emu ku bifo ebisinga okukaluubirizibwa mu gavumenti ya Amerika. Nga zigoberera enkola y'entengo, amateeka, okussaawo, n'okulagira ebikolebwa ku mbeera z'obudde, bannabyabufuzi bakyusa obulamu bw'obukadde n'obukadde bw'abantu. Bannabyabufuzi balina okusaasaanya ebitundu bya bannabyabufuzi, okukugira obusosoze, era nga buli kiseera beekebejja mu gavumenti nga bakulembera gavumenti okuyita mu bizibu ne mu mikisa. Kampuni za demokulase, bannaakyewa be basooka okugezaako okugezaako amateeka amapya nga bakubawooza empaleze ensonga ezibalukawo.[1] Olw'ensonga z'eby'obulamu bw'abantu bamala gakyusa endowooza zaabwe, era ne ku ngeri gavumenti gye zikolamu.

Okusobola okwongera okusoma, laba Olukalala lwa baaguverneria abava mu ggwanga olukalala olw'amatwale gannaazo [, '[FLT'] propedia ku b'obuyinza obufuga enfuga [, ne Conference of Leagn Leagratorial [