Obukulembeze bw'Amerika bunnyonnyolwa olw'enkola yabwo ey'amangu ennyo. Obusobozi buno obuva mu buyinza obwaweebwa ab'obuyinza mu ofiisi, buba nkola ya gavumenti ya gavumenti, era busobozesa okukakasibwa kw'amateeka, enkola y'amateeka ga bannaggwanga, n'okufuga okw'eggwanga eddene. Kyokka, emmotoka eno ekolera mu nkola eyategekebwa n'obwegendereza mu mpalo z'amateeka, mu kuddukanya emirimu gy'amateeka, mu kufuga kwa gavumenti. Prezidenti akozesa obuyinza bw'ensi mu kifo eky'okuleka amaanyi, era n'okusasula ensonga enkulu mu ku nsonga ezikwata ku bufuzi bwa Amereka.

Enkongo y’Obuyinza

Ensibuko y'obuyinza obufuga ensi yeesigamizibwa ku Mateeka ga Amereka, naye era ebigambo bino birimu kalonda yenna akwata ku bulagirizi obusingawo obulagira abantu okubugoberera. Okutaasa okw'engeri eno tekweseesezza byasa ebikumi bya myaka okukaayana, okuteesa, n'okukaayana mu mateeka ku ebyo Prezidenti by'asobola okukola. Amakulu g'obuyinza tegaatandikira ku nnyinyo, wabula gaatandikira ku nkola ezikolebwa okufuga eggwanga nga ligenda likula.

Ekitundu II: Ekipande ky’Olugue

Obutafaananako Akatundu I, akasengeka obukulembe mu bitundu ekkumi n'omunaana eby'enjawulo, Akatundu II katandika n'ekirabo kino: "Obwannakyewa obwannakyewa buliweebwa Pulezidenti wa Amereka." 'Ono "Ekiwandiiko kya Claus" ye nsibuko y'enkakaanyi ez'amaanyi. Abawagizi ba gavumenti Obukulu obwa Sirventi Bujja kuwa Pulezidenti ya Amerekawo obuyinza obuyinza obwa Clasting'ebufuga ofiisi y'ettabi. Abalala bagamba nti, okukkiririzaamu obuvunaanyizibwa obwa Claus kizingirwa mu ofiisi y'ekitongole, ne mu mpalo byonna ebiva mu mpagibwa ya Crease.

Okukkiririza mu Kusinza n’Okufaayo ku Muwendo Kitaabwe

Omuntu awakanya ennyo ekibiina kya Cesar Care Claus y'eno eya Prezidenti eyalagirwa "Kayisa nti Amateeka gattibwe mu bwesigwa." akaweefube kano kaleetera Prezidenti okugattika ddala omukulembeze ku ntegeka y'enteekateeka y'obukulembeze eyatandikibwawo ne kakiiko akaawumbi. Obukaanya obuli wakati wa Claus ne k'ekikwate ekikolebwa ne Creaus y'okulabirira amatwale ga gavumenti. Pulezidenti ayinza okugamba nti alina obuyinza obw'amaanyi, naye ate ate oluvannyuma lw'ekyo n'awalirizibwa okumenya amateeka ago nga bwe gaawandiikibwa. Enkaayano y'ekire erina ku buli nsonga ezikwata ku by'obukulembeze, obukulembeddwawo, n'ensonga ez'okwekumanya.

Okulondebwa n’Emikkirizano

Akatundu II era kawa Pulezidenti omu ebiwa obukulembeze obumu n'enkola ya SSEMTEMENT, amaanyi okusingira ddala [FL:0] ga bakungu ba gavumenti (abalamuzi, ab'obubaka, ab'ekika kya KITAani]) era ne [[FL:2]] ebika bya munnaalwa w'obukago[[. Omukulembeze w'awamu ne Consaawate awaayo "Ebitebementi ne Convrationstion [FLT:] Kino kye kimu ku by'onoonyezesembe oba enkola ya mu ngeri ey'enjawulo. ['okugoba mu kifo kya mu kifo ekikadde,][FFFFU], ekiwereetebwa mu kifo eky'omulembe ogw'omulembe ogw'omulembe ogwa bulijjo. [Ebitongole ekitongole ekitongole ekitongole ekinoonyeza ebinoonyezeddwa mu mu ggwanika, ekibamu:[5][3]][3][3][3]E]Esvuuk'omukiikimu, ekijjuvu]

Omukulembeze era omuyizzi Omukulu era n'omuyingi-ya-muggumivu

Ng'oggyeko ekitundu ekyokubiri, Prezidenti akulembera ekibiina era ng'omukungu wa gavumenti asinga obukulu mu magye.

Obunene bw'awamu omuyizzi-in-Chieef

Ekiragiro kino kilonda Pulezidenti nga bw'okozesa obukodyo obwa nnamba n'olw'amaggye. Kino kiwa abantu obuyinza ku magye naye nga tekibawa buyinza bwa kulangirira ntalo, obwaterekebwa budde bwa Conseil. Kkomkomo lya Gavumenti lya 1973[, lyayisa Prezidenti Nixon's du du serrice, naye nga teriwagira bunnaalyo kunnyonnyola biruubirirwa bya prezidenteedenti, nga lisaba Mukulembeze okutegeeza Consettenteko aw Congress okumala essaawa 48 nga wamaze okumenyalaase abaserikale era ne beewatmbula amagye 60 okukozesebwa kwa kko. Kkompulanivvu n'okugookita kino, nga Prezidabikkodman agezaako okunnyonnyola ekkomera ery'obuyinza eriva ku mateeka awatali kufuga mu n'enkola yabulitinago.

Endowooza z’Abagwira n’Enjigiriza y’Ebitonde

Mu nsonga ezitali za mu nsi endala, Pulezidenti atera okwogerwako nga "Obufuzi obw'ensi yonna mu nkolagana yaayo n'ab'obuyinza abagwira," enjigiriza ebuukkulwa mu kkooti ey'oku ntikko. United States v. Curtiss-Wright Ertenst Corp.[FL:1] [193] [6]. Endowooza eno ejuliziddwa mu bujjuvu etegeeza nti Pulezidenti alina obuyinza obw'ensikira mu nkola y'omu mawanga agafuga enneeyaga adde mu buyinza bw'abatuuze abatuuze abakkiriza okugattiŋŋanuzibwa. Kyokka, ne mu nsonga ezisinga obungi, Pulezidenti afugibwa Proc. Ekiragiro kifuga enkola za gavumenti mu ngeri y'okuva mu buyinza oba okugobeesa obugobeesaamu. Obukongobo bwonna okugobereza obugobeevuvuzi mu nsonga y'obukulu obutuufu, obutuufu bw'ebyo ebiba bikolebwa mu ku kkagobeetaakeberebwa.

Ebiri mu Kikolwa Ekiraga Obutuufu: Entegeka z’Abakugu n’Okulanga Ebibala

Ekiragiro kya bapresidenti kye kisinga okulabika era nga kye kikozesebwa eky'amaanyi. Bikkiriza Prezidenti okuwa obulagirizi ku nkola za gavumenti mu ngeri gye zigobereramu enkola nga teziyitira mu nkola za gavumenti. Wadde nga wa maanyi, si kitongole ekitaliiko kkomo era nga kiyinza kukugira bisaanyizo bya mateeka.

Kiki Ekifuula Entegeka ey’Okufuga Obukulembeze mu Mateeka?

Ekiragiro eky'omukulu kiteekwa okusibuka mu buyinza obw'enjawulo mu buyinza obwateekebwawo gavumenti nga Congress okuyitira mu mateeka oba okuva ku . Ekiragiro kino kiteekwa okufuulibwa nga kifuga bukulu bwa mateeka[ wansi w'Akakiiko II. Omutemwa gwa bumaanyi tesobola kukola mateeka mapya, oba okukontana ne mateeka agabaddewo. Ekiragiro bwe kiba kisukka etteeka lino, kiba kiyinza okusingibwako kkooti z'abakungu. Ekyokulabirako kya kino kisinga okuba nga [[FLT:][FLY:5][FLT][5][5] Abavuzi b'obuyinza obusinga obukulu mu nkola y'enkola y'emu mu ngeri ey'ekitongole ekyo gye kinoonyereza ku mu ngeri ey'okulambulaamu amateeka.[FLD][F][F] [FF] [5]], (192]), ekimanyiddwa ennyo ekya waggulu mu kkooti y'obukulembeze obutebe obu waggulu mu kifo ekitongole enzivuu

Ensengeka z’Ebiragiro mu Byafaayo by’Amerika

Ekiragiro kino kikozesebwa Abraham Lincoln okusobozesa abaddu okuweerera ddala mu bitundu by'ensi ebyewaggudde ekiwanyisiddwa ennyo. Ekirabo eky'okufuga (1863) kye kyawagirwa Abraham Lincoln okukozesa obuyinza obw'amaanyi okusumulula abaddu mu maggulu g'abajeemu, nga kikkirizibwa ng'olutalo mu buyinza bwe obwa nnamba. [[19][FFF]][10] Ekiralango mu buggyibwa mu nsi enfu, ekyawanjula y'obuyinza (198]). [Empewo obusinga obungi obwa Prezi (198] (1948) obwamuteetwaze wa TRUPUM] (1948] (19]) (1943] era nga wagigiwawawawawa ne obuvunaanyizibwa obw'enna ku buyinza, obusinga obungi.[F6][19][19][Ense .[19][Ensellmagesaster train train :[19][19]

Omukutu gwa Intaneeti: Ebiruubirirwa by’Osobola Okukola

Enkola eno ey’okukebera ebitongole esobozesa abantu obutafuna buyinza bwa nfuga embi.

Obukulembeze n’Amaanyi g’Ebigula

Congress alina eby'okukozesa bingi nnyo ebisobola okukebera omukulu w'ekibiina. Ekisinga obukulu bwe butyo obuyinza obwa kasawo ; tewali kaweefube ayinza kukolebwa nga tewabaddewo ssente. Congress era zikubiriza okutegeeza oba okuwulira oba okufulumya obutongole. [, okukalukunya [[FLL:3], [[FLT]]], okukasattuluku, [[[N] okusattuluku], okusattulukuka [[[[NKU], okusatyo], nga kuk'awula, nga kye kikosembye ekimala ku by'okukomyawook'ema z'empala'empali nga "CUMMpeant ne Miss" ebikkiriza obukkebeentu eby'okuva mu buyinza okuggyawo obuyinza obuyinza obuyinza ku ku ku nkola ey'okuyisa obu waggulu.[FOMENToso.'okuteekawo akasonga][FFOM.'

Okunokolayo omusango: Ekifo kya kkooti enkulu

Kkooti bwe ziba nga zissa ekitiibwa mu b'obuyinza ku nsonga ezikwata ku butebenkevu mu nsi yonna, zikozesezza okulaba nti amateeka ga gavumenti gagobererwa. emisango egisinga obukulu gizingiramu:

  • [[AWULA:0][AWULA][Akawayiro 1] Akawayiro era n'akawayiro 'Tube Co'. v. Sawyer (1192): Kino kyateeka ekkomo ku buyinza obwa Prezidenti obw'ekika kya bannannyini mu maka obw'obudde.
  • [[AGUMENTI][[:0][AWULA]United States v. Nixon Obubonero obufuga gavumenti obwali buteereddwawo, obwali bwetaagisa Prezidenti Nixon okukyusako media eza Watergate.
  • [[AK'AMUTANDIKI][[FLT]]Mp v. Hawaii (2017): Akakwakkulizo k'omukulembeze ku bikwata ku ku kuyingira mu ggwanga oba ku bukuumi mu kiseera kya Immigration ne Nationality Act, nga kino kissawo ekkomo ku busosoze mu by'eddiini.

Obubonero buno bulaga nti Prezidenti ne bw'aba ng'alina obuyinza obw'amaanyi, kkooti zisobola okuteekawo ekkomo lyazo. Ekiwandiiko ku Law K'Akakiiko k'Akak'omu Cornell[ kituwa obufunze ku nsonga eziyinza okutegeerwa.

Endowooza z’Abantu n’Okuvunaanibwa olw’Eby’obufuzi

Nga wayiseewo ekiseera nga basinziira ku nkola eya kakiiko akategese, Prezidenti alina obuvunaanyizibwa obw'amaanyi ku balonda abakuba pulezidenti. Obulagirizi oba enkola endala eyinza okuleetera obulabe obw'akabi, ne kyonoona ebitiibwa bya Prezidenti, era ne kyonoona ebiva mu kulonda okuddako. Ebitundu eby'amawulire, ebigatte abantu n'abantu bakola kinene mu kunoonyereza ku ngeri y'obukulembeze era n'okutegeeza abantu, ne kireetawo obuyinza obw'amaanyi singa oluko obwewandi.

Ab’obuyinza mu Kiseera eky’Embi n’Okukulaakulana

Ssematalo w’Ekibiina, Okwesattuka okw’Eby’Eby’Okwesattu, ne Ssematalo on Terror, byonna byatwala ofiisi y’ettabi okufuna ab’obuyinza abaazza obuggya gavumenti.

Olupapula lw'Ebitongole

Mu myaka gyakayita, nnyinnyonnyola ya tteeka emanyiddwa nga Theory yeeyongedde. Endowooza eno egamba nti okusaasaanya kampasi ya Claus ow'Akatundu II kuwa omukulembeze obuyinza bwonna ku ttabi lya nnakyewa, nga mw'otwalidde n'obuyinza obw'okuggyawo omukungu wa gavumenti yenna akkirizibwa. Abawagizi bawakanya ensonga eno okuzizza emisango ku bannakyewa era ne ku bukulembeze obw'amaanyi. Bawakanya endowooza nti kiteeka obulamu bw'ebitongole ne obuweereza bwa gavumenti mu kabi, era ne kikobaawula amateeka. Enjigiriza eno ekozesebwa okusonga ebikolwa eby'obukambwe nga ebireetebwawo, okujjuza obutongole, n'okusoomooza abalankuna bannakyewa.

Olutalo ku Butiitiizi n’Eby’Obukuumi by’Ennimi

Oluvannyuma lw'obulumbaganyi bwa Prezidenti George W. Bush yawa abafuzi abawerako obuyinza obuwerako, nga mw'otwalidde okulaba obanga abalwanyi baakwatibwa bukuumi bwa kompyuta, okusibibwa mu buwagizi obw'eby'amagye, n'okukozesa obukiiko bwa bannabyabufuzi. Ebyo byakkirizibwa wansi w'obuyinza bwa Prezidenti INCheef era ne Kkooti ya Bukkooti ezikwata ku Ku bikwata ku Bujaasi (AMFFF). Entalo ezo ezaakolebwa mu mateeka, nga mw'otwalidde ne [[FLT:] Hamdi v. Rumsfeld era ne [FLT:] Enkola ya Kkomyanti ya Bush. , zava mu kkooti enkulu ewandiika olukalala ewandiikibwa mu ku kukebeesa n'okukebeesa, ate era ne mu kifo eky'obuyinza obw'eggwanga.

Obukulembeze n’Obuyinza bw’Okufuga

Gavumenti ey'omu kiseera kino, nga erimu n'ebitongole bingi ebyetongodde, ereetera obuzibu bwa njawulo ku buyinza. Abakulembeze baago beeyongera okugezaako okufuga nga bateekawo ebiragiro ebyetaagibwa ku ba buyinza ebinoonya obukulembeze obwa " compation-benefifit[ era n'ebibuuzo eby'enkola ebizingirwamu ebizingirwa ku butongole obwatongoza projekiti n'ebyago (ORA). Amaanyi okulonda enzikkiriza okuteekawo emitwe gy'azo n'okuzigo, era gafuuse ekifo eky'olutalo olukulu, nga n'okufuga kkooti enkulu mu Lawrikiti y'olukalala.[FLCFLT:3] 2020) olukiiko olukulu olw'eby'eby'eby'eby'obukuumiropuwamu ebigobeego bye bikola mu ku ku kubaako ba Prezipuleziaaaaaaaaaaaaa propuledrrientmentant.

Okwongera: Okuwakana Okutajjulukuka ku Maanyi n’Okufuga

Enkola y'obuyinza obufuga Amerika y'ekiikirira omuzannyo ogw'okufuga mu Amerika. Kikulu nnyo okusobola okuddukanya obulungi obuyinza obwo era n'okuleetawo obuzibu mu mateeka. Enteekateeka y'okukebera n'okugootaanya, wadde nga emirundi mingi emalako, ewa enteekateeka enkulu ezisobozesa amaanyi gannaazo okukozesebwa. Okukaayana kw'ensi tekusobozesa Mukulembeze okuba n'obuyinza, naye oba nga enteekateeka ya gavumenti ya kiginyweza ne kisobozesa obuyinza obwo okubaawo. amagye bwe gagenda nga n'ebizibu ebiva mu nsi yonna byeyongera okukyusiza ddala, obutategeeragana obuliwo wakati w'ekikolwa eky'enkola eky'obuyinza obutuufu n'ekiragiro eky'okukugira okuzitoko, obukkiribwa ku k'obuyinza bwa bannannyini mu mateeka, [FFF] n'okunoonyereza ku nkola ya k'obukulembeze mu mateeka ku nkola ya k'enkola munnalukusanya ya Amelika]