Ntchito ya Chithandizo cha Mayiko Ena Pokulitsa Umoyo wa Kumidzi

Chithandizo chakunja chimagwira ntchito monga injini yosuliza yopita patsogolo ya zigwirizano za umoyo m'madera akumidzi ochepera ndi apakati a maiko ofika. Zopereka zachuma ndi zaluso zimenezi — zochokera ku mabungwe a boma (monga USAID, DFID, ndi GIZ), mabungwe ambiri (monga World Bank ndi World Health Organization), ndi nyumba zachinsinsi (kuphatikizapo Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation) — kaŵirikaŵiri amalimbana ndi madera kumene ndalama zowonongedwa paumoyo zimatsalapo pa $10 pa munthu aliyense. M'malo ozungulira, chuma chakunja chingatanthauze kusiyana pakati pa mudzi wopanda kiliniki ndi mmodzi wokhala ndi antchito a zaumoyo ophunzitsidwa ndi antchito a zaumoyo.

Mlingo wa chithandizo chimenechi ngwochuluka. Malinga ndi bungwe la Economic Copéoperation and Development, chithandizo cha boma cha thanzi chinafika pa $40 biliyoni chaka chilichonse, ndi mbali yaikulu yoyang'anira kulimbitsa njira zosamalira zazikulu m'madera akumidzi. Kuphatikiza ndalama ndi luso kumachititsa kuti pakhale mipata yomanga nyumba, antchito a sitima, ndi kukhazikitsa mabungwe a zachuma amene akanakhala osapeza ndalama zokwanira ku maboma akumidzi owonongeka.

Kuwongolera Zinthu

Chimodzi cha zotulukapo zowoneka kwambiri za chithandizo chakunja ndicho kumanga ndi kukonzanso malo a zaumoyo. Kumidzi yaing'ono 88 Saharan Africa ndi South Asia, maprogramu othandizira apeza zikwi za malo aakulu aumoyo, nyumba zoyembekezera, ndi makiliniki a galimoto. Pambuyo pa kumanga nyumba, maprojekiti kaŵirikaŵiri amanzere a maziko a zinthu zofunika zapadera za magetsi — kuika malo otetezera magetsi odalirika a majeremusi, kukumba mabowonde a madzi oyera, ndi kumanga zimbudzi kuti zigwirizane ndi miyezo yaukhondo. Mwachitsanzo, World Bank’s International Development Association yachirikiza kumanga nyumba za m'mabwinja m'mayiko onga Ethiopia ndi Bangladesh , kugwirizanitsa ma chipatala ndi madzi ndi ukhondo.

Ku Nepal, ntchito yothandiza anthu ovutika kukonza magalimoto inachititsa kuti anthu ayambe kuyenda bwino. Ku Asian Development Bank, ntchito yothandiza anthu ovutika kugwiritsa ntchito njinga zamoto inachititsa kuti ayambe kuyenda maola angapo.

Zipangizo za Zamankhwala ndi Luso la Zachipatala

Chithandizo chakunja chimalimbitsa mndandanda wonse wa mankhwala ofunika, akatemera, ndi zipangizo. Programu zonga Global Fund to Friest AIDS, TB ndi Malariya zimagaŵira mamiliyoni a makoka a m’mabedi, mankhwala oletsa mphamvu ya kachilombo, ndi kupimidwa ku zipinda za kumidzi chaka chilichonse. Aid imachirikizanso mankhwala ozizira àsitomist à progans — zonyamula ndi zosungiramo zinthu — zimene nzofunika kwambiri kaamba ka mankhwala amene ayenera kusungidwa pamalo oyenera kutentha. M'mayiko onga Malaŵi, kusungitsa mafiriji a star grade kwachepetsa kwambiri mankhwala othandizira ku makliniki a [1]

Kusintha kwa tekinoloji ndi mbali ina. Ku India, Arogya Setu ndi mapulogalamu ena a ku Adogra awonjezera mphamvu zopimira. Aid imagulanso zipangizo zofunika monga makina ofufuzira, microscope, ndi ophera tizilombo, zomwe zimathandiza kuti malo akumidzi athandize kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito mafoni am'manja m’malo a ku tauni.

Kuphunzitsa Ndiponso Kumanga Nyumba Yaluso

Malo a kuthupi okha sangawongolere zotulukapo za thanzi popanda antchito aluso. Thandizo lakunja limapakira chuma chochuluka ku kuphunzitsa antchito zaumoyo wa anthu, anamwino, anamwino, ndi akatswiri a zofufuza za m'malo osungiramo zinthu. Maprogramu kaŵirikaŵiri amaphatikizapo maphunziro a ophunzira akumidzi amene amadzipereka kubwerera kumadera awo atamaliza maphunziro. African Centre for Disease Control and Prevention [FLT], ochirikizidwa ndi maboma ambiri opereka chithandizo, amatsogolera madongosolo a matenda oyang'anira oikidwa m'madera akumidzi.

Kunyalanyaza kuli vuto lopitirizabe. Kumadera akumidzi kaŵirikaŵiri kulibe nyumba, maphunziro a ana, ndi mipata yaukatswiri. Maprojekiti a aid amasamalira zimenezi mwa kumanga nyumba za antchito, kupereka ndalama zopimira, ndi kukhazikitsa maphunziro opitirizabe kudzera m'maphunziro atalitali. Ku Rwanda, kugwirizana pakati pa boma ndi Clinton Health Acces Inivection yophunzitsidwa mazana a antchito a zaumoyo m'kusamalira matenda a ana, ndi chiŵerengero cha kubwezeretsa ndalama zoposa 80% pambuyo pa zaka zisanu. Kuyesayesa kumeneko kumanga kumatsimikizira kusungitsa ndalama m'mafakitale ndi dothi kutembenuzira ku, chisamaliro chapamwamba cha 76 chauvene.

Chiyambukiro Chabwino cha Chithandizo cha Kunja pa Thanzi Lakumidzi

Ngati akonza bwino, chithandizo chakunja chimathandiza kuwongolera njira zosonyezera thanzi ndi kupirira. Zotsatirazi zimalembedwa kaŵirikaŵiri pofufuza maprogramu aakulu 88 scale:

  • Imfa za ana ndi amayi zomangika: Aidrà stestendition janti, kulera ana, ndi chisamaliro cha ana oyembekezera zathandizira kutsika kwa ziŵerengero za imfa zokwanira 885 m’madera akumidzi. Mwachitsanzo, pakati pa 2000 ndi 2020, pakati pa imfa zokwanira 76 mu 76 Saharan Africa, kutsika ndi theka, chikhoterero chogwirizana kwambiri ndi chithandizo chaumoyo chowonjezereka.
  • Kufutukula kwa katemera: [1] Gavi, Vaccine Alliance , yochirikizidwa ndi maboma ndi maziko opereka — yathandiza kufikira ana oposa 800 miliyoni m'midzi okhala ndi akatemera olimbana ndi matenda onga poliyo, chikuku, ndi chibayo. Zimenezi zatsogolera ku kuchepetsa poliyo kufupi ndi sukio m'madera ambiri.
  • Kuyang'anira matenda ndi kuyankha kwa miliri kwabwinopo: Kuika ndalama zothandizira m'malaboratori ndi njira zochitira lipoti zimatheketsa zipatala za m'midzi kuzindikira kubuka kwa kolera, Ebola, kapena chikuku mwamsanga, kuletsa kufalikira kwakukulu. Mkati mwa mliri wa COVID 201619, chithandizo chakunja chochirikizidwa ndi kuperekedwa kwa katemera m'madera akutali a maiko ambiri.
  • Madongosolo a zaumoyo olimbikitsidwa: Opereka ndalama kaŵirikaŵiri amachirikiza zolembedwa za zamankhwala amagetsi ndi zipangizo zenizeni zosungira chidziŵitso chanthaŵi ino. Ku Tanzania, njira ya USAID àcked system inathandiza mabwana a zaumoyo a m'chigawo kujambula malo osungira mankhwala ndi mavolyumu othandizira kugaŵira zinthu zofunikira.
  • Kuzindikira kwa thanzi mowonjezereka: makampani othandizira anthu ndi makhalidwe asintha njira zolankhulirana, ochirikizidwa ndi mabungwe othandizira, alimbikitsa kusamba m’manja, machitachita otetezeka a kugonana, ndi kupezekapo kwa mimba. Masewero a wailesi, mauthenga a m'mafoni, ndi makambitsirano a anthu — zonse zochirikizidwa ndi ndalama zakunja — zimafikira anthu osaphunzira kwambiri.

Zinthu zimenezi zimayambitsa khalidwe labwino: Ana athanzi amapita kusukulu nthaŵi zonse, achikulire amasungabe ntchito, ndipo mabanja amasunga ndalama zimene zikanatayika ndi mankhwala.

Zitokoso ndi Kusuliza

Ngakhale kuti zinthu zimenezi zikuyenda bwino, thandizo lachilendo lothandiza anthu odwala kumidzi limakumana ndi mavuto osatha.

Kudalira Mabuku Akunja

Anthu ambiri amada nkhaŵa kuti chithandizo chimapangitsa kuti anthu ayambe kudalira ndalama, kumene maboma akunja amadalira ndalama zothandizira kulipira ndalama monga malipiro, kugula mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ntchito zachipatala popanda kukonza njira zopezera ndalama zothandizira anthu apanyumba. Opereka ndalama akasintha zinthu zofunika kapena kuchepetsa ndalama zothandizira anthu, angasiye. Mwachitsanzo, pamene ndalama zapadziko lonse za ndalama zina za ndalama zakhala zikusowa ndalama mu 2011, mayiko ena akufunika kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa kuchepetsa mphamvu ya kachipatala m’midzi kwa miyezi ingapo. Otsutsa mfundo yakuti chithandizo chiyenera kukhala choyenera kukonzedwa kuti chiziyendetseke pang’onopang’ono pamene ndalama zokhomakhoma msonkho zikukula m’dzikolo.

Kulakwa ndi Zosoŵa Za kumaloko

Opereka zinthu zachilendo nthaŵi zina amaika patsogolo njira zawo zosonyeza kufunitsitsa kwawo kwa ndale kapena kwabwino mmalo mwa zosoŵa za thanzi la anthu akumidzi. Maprogramu otsatizana osumikidwa pa matenda amodzi (monga ngati HIV kapena malungo) angasokoneze kugaŵira chuma, kupatutsa antchito ndi zinthu zina za kuchipatala kwaukulu. Ku Uganda, malo a zaumoyo osiyanasiyana nthaŵi zinakhala ndi mankhwala ofunikira kwambiri pamene kuli kwakuti operekera malungo ali matenda 769. Anthu a m'maluso satha kukonza zinthu zambiri, kutsogolera ku malo amene amangidwa koma osagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa chakuti alibe mautumiki oyenera amwambo kapena maola oyenera ogwirira ntchito.

Ziphuphu ndi Kulephera Kuwasamalira

Kuyenda kwa chithandizo chachikulu kungakope ziphuphu, makamaka m'makonzedwe osakhala ndi ulamuliro wokwanira ndi oyang'anira. Ndalama zoikidwa kuti amange zipatala za kumidzi zingakopedwe mwa mapangano owonjezera kapena antchito achikumbukiro. Kufufuza kwa 2018 ndi World Health Organization kunapeza kuti 30% ya mankhwala m'maiko ena anatayika chifukwa cha kuba kapena kutha chifukwa cha kulephera kwa maulamuliro osoŵa. Madongosolo osonyeza bwino ndi kuŵerengera kwaumwini — kaŵirikaŵiri ofunidwa ndi opereka — achepetsedwa ndi mavutowa koma osathetsedwa. Kupereka chithandizo kwa olondera kungathandize kwa anthu a m'dzikolo kungawongowongolera kuŵerengera ntchito koma kufunikira kumanga nyumba ina.

Kuchepa kwa Madzi Ochindikala ndi Mitengo Yaitali

Malo ambiri othandizira kumanga nyumba zapadera zapamudzi amalephera pa zaka zingapo chifukwa chakuti kulibe bajeti yosamalira. Chipatala chomangidwa ndi ndalama zoperekera chingakhale chosoŵa ndalama zothandizira kubwezeretsa denga lothyoka kapena kukonza denga lomathira. Kufufuza za madzi a m'midzi ya chigawo cha 88 Saharan Africa — amene ali ndi moyo wofunikira — chinapeza kuti 30 /40% sanagwire ntchito pambuyo pa zaka zisanu chifukwa cha kusoŵa ziwalo zosungidwa ndi maphunziro. Maprogramu a pulogalamu amathandiza amathandiza kukonzanso ndalama ndi maphunziro a akatswiri a kumaloko panthaŵi ya ntchito, koma kachitidweka sikapezekabe padziko lonse.

Ntchito Zothandiza Kuchepetsa Chiyambukiro

Kuti athetse mavuto ameneŵa ndi kutsimikizira kuti chithandizo cha kumaiko akunja chipereka kupita patsogolo kwachikhalire m’madongosolo a zaumoyo a m’midzi, madokotala ndi opanga malamulo apanga njira zotsimikiziridwa.

Kukhala Mwini M’mudzi ndi Kukhala ndi Mbali

Kuphatikiza atsogoleri akumaloko, makomiti a zaumoyo, ndi ogwiritsira ntchito mtsogolo pokonzekera ndi kuyang'anira kumawonjezera kuyenerera ndi kuŵerengera. Pamene madera apereka malo, ntchito, kapena ndalama zochepera, iwo amakulitsa lingaliro la kukhala ndi mwini lomwe limalimbikitsa kugwiritsira ntchito koyenera ndi kusamala. Democratic Republic of Congo’s “Health Zoons [1] kufika, kochirikizidwa ndi bungwe la chitukuko la Belgium, otsogolera ntchito zazikulu za makomiti akwawa amene amagwira ntchito pamodzi ndi magulu okonza makampani a zomangamanga. Zotsatira zasonyeza kukwera kwa makampani ndi kuyendetsa bwino makampani a stock poyerekezera ndi njira zapakati.

Kufika kwa Nthaka ndi Masitepe ←

M’malo mwa maprojekiti apadera, maprogramu othandiza opanga njira zonse zaumoyo — kuyambira ku maziko ndi kuperekera ndalama kwa anthu ndi ndalama. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relation [PEPFAR] poyamba anasumika pa HIV, koma pambuyo pake anasintha kuti alimbitse malaborato, mankhwala, ndi maphunziro a zaumoyo ku kampani, kupindula ndi maprogramu ena a zaumoyo. Kusunga ndalama m'madzi, ukhondo, ndi chakudya ndi kumanga nyumba zaumoyo kumathandizira ndi kuchepetsa mtolo wa matenda.

Ukulu wa Boma Lakumeneko Umalimbikitsa

Kumanga luso la maulamuliro a zaumoyo a chigawo ndi chigawo la kulinganiza, kulinganiza, ndi kuyendetsa ndalama nkofunika pothandiza anthu. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo maphunziro a zachuma, kupenda za makompyuta, ndi kugula zinthu. Gavi Full Country Country Aults [1] Mayeso a za Ulimo wa Dzikolone [1] anasonyeza kuti maiko okhala ndi madongosolo amphamvu kwambiri otetezera a boma akumeneko akuyenda pambuyo pochirikiza . Active a odziŵa za ntchito zamakono m'makampani a m'dzikolo — mmalo mwa kuyendetsa maofesi a ntchito a ntchito zofanana — ndi njira yofala yoperekera maluso.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Makina Modabwitsa

Kudalira ndalama kwatsopano kungachepetse kudalira. Zitsanzo zimaphatikizapo ndalama zofanana, kumene opereka ndalama amalingana ndi magawo a boma a ku Rwanda, ndi ntchito yogwirizana ndi ndalama, kumene malo amalandira ndalama zowonjezereka zozikidwa pa maluso ndi magwiridwe. Makampani a World Bank [[FL:0] Results highised Ficting program [[FLD :1] ku Rwanda ndi Burundi anathandiza kuwonjezera ziŵerengero za kunyamula ndi kutetezera pochita masuntraka pamene akugwirizanitsa zopezedwa zotsimikizirika. Njira zoterozo zothandizira kukwaniritsa ntchito ndi kudzipereka kwa kumaloko.

Kufufuza Nkhani za Anthu Okhudzidwa

Zitsanzo ziŵiri zotchuka zimasonyeza kuthekera ndi maphunziro a chithandizo cha kumaiko akunja kaamba ka zigwirizano za umoyo za kumidzi.

.PAFAR kumidzi ya Africa: [[FLT :1] Inayamba mu 2003, PEPFAR yawononga ndalama zoposa $100 biliyoni m'maprogramu a HIV / AIDS, zambiri za izo m'zipatala zakumidzi. Imamanga kapena kukonzanso malo a zaumoyo zikwizikwi, imaphunzitsa antchito zaumoyo, ndi kukhazikitsa makampani a ofufuza zinthu zimene pambuyo pake zinachirikiza kupima kwa CHOVID 7619. Ngakhale kuti pali nkhaŵa zambiri zokhudza kukwera kwa maprogramu, kuŵerengera kwa ngongole kwa PEPFAR ndi kulimbitsa njira zonse zaumoyo m'maiko onga Kenya, Uganda, ndi Zambia — Malopilo a zipatala ndi oyendetsedwa bwino kuposa mautumiki a HIV.

Gavi’s Vaccine Paregoy ku Depart Aress: [1] Gavi yachirikiza kufutukuka kwa ziŵiya za tcheni, kupereka ma stemitiki, ndi mautumiki othandizira kufikira ana mu “last 88”. M'maiko onga Mozambique ndi Nepal, Gavi inathandiza kukulitsa zida za chigawo zaching'ono zomwe zimadziŵikitsa mwana aliyense wofunikira katemera. Kufufuza 201 mu British Medical Journal kunayerekezera kuti Gavigjorzing thic iotle inaletsa imfa zoposa 14 miliyoni m'maiko otsika . Kulandira zaka khumi, ndi madera akumidzi akulanda chigawo cha phindu.

Kumaliza

Chithandizo chakunja chidakali chida chofunika kwambiri chomangira ndi kuchirikiza njira zaumoyo m'madera akumidzi kumene chuma cha boma chimasoŵa. Kuchokera kumanga zipatala zoyendetsedwa ndi mapulogalamu a dzuŵa kuphunzitsira anamwino amene amapulumutsa miyoyo ya amayi, chithandizo chakunja chimakhala ndi zotulukapo zowongoleredwa bwino za thanzi ndi kulimbitsa dongosolo la kagwiridwe ka zinthu. Komabe mavuto a kudalira munthu, kulakwa, ndi kupitirizabe kufuna kukonzedwa. Maprogramu achipambano kwambiri opanga gawo, kusungitsa maulamuliro a kumaloko, ndi mapulani a kusintha pang'onopang'ono kwa kukhala ndi nyumba. Pamene mapulinsipulo aŵa athandiza kukonza, ziyambukiro za thanzi la kumidzimangiriro za kumidzi zingakhale ponse paŵiri ndi zokhalitsa.

Potsirizira pake, chithandizo chakunja sichingaloŵe mmalo mwa dongosolo la zaumoyo la anthu onse lokhala ndi ndalama zokwanira. Koma m'nthaŵi yapakati — ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri monga chothandizira chonulirapo chimenecho — chimapereka chuma, ukatswiri, ndi mphamvu zofunikira kubweretsa chisamaliro cha thanzi kwa anthu akutali kwambiri padziko lonse. Kuŵerenganso njira zothandiza, onani malipoti kuchokera ku bungwe la World Health Organization [FLT:] Madongosolo a Phunzi ndi gulu la Financing ndi World Health , Numerictic Proctics Comment=NUt.