Table of Contents

Chiyambi: Kusintha kwa Mgwirizano wa Boma la M’mayiko Ambiri

Kulamulira kwamakono kumavuta kwambiri kuchepetsa malire a dziko. Kuchokera ku kusintha kwa miliri ndi zamphamvu ndi kukonzanso mkhalidwe wa nyengo ndi kusalingana kwa zachuma, nkhani zofunika kwambiri zogwirizana kuzungulira dera, boma, ndi milingo ya boma. Pamene kuli kwakuti mpambo uliwonse wa boma umabweretsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana, akuluakulu alamulo, ndi malingaliro, njira zoyendera, kaŵirikaŵiri zimatsogolera ku kusagwira bwino ntchito, kupanga maadiresitiki, kapena kulephera kwa malamulo. Kugwirizana kwa boma sikuli chabe kuthandizira kwa mautumiki a boma, kukwaniritsa ndalama za anthu, ndi kukwaniritsa zotsatira zake zopindulitsa za chitaganya.

Nkhani ino ikulongosola zitsanzo zenizeni za dziko za kugwirizana kwachipambano kwa boma, kujambula maphunziro kuchokera ku kuyang'anira tsoka, chinjirizo la malo okhala, kusowa pokhala, kupita patsogolo kokhazikika, ndi kumbuyo kwake. Mwa kusanthula kufufuza kumeneku, timazindikira njira zimene zingatheke kugwirizanitsa, zopinga zimene zingaletse, ndi njira zothandiza zimene oyang'anira a boma angagwiritsire ntchito kumanga mayanjano okhalitsa odutsa mlingo wapamwamba.

Kupangidwa kwa Mabungwe Ogwirizana

Kugwirizana kwa boma ku United States kumayendera limodzi ndi mayiko osiyanasiyana, mayiko ogwirizana, ndiponso mgwirizano wa mayiko.

  • Mayanjano a Fassical: Mafuko, kugawana, ndi ndalama zogwirizanitsidwa (m., ndalama za boma zoperekedwa ndi maboma).
  • Kugwirizanitsa: Miyezo ya kumanga, kuzindikirana zilolezo, ndi kupanga malamulo ogwirizana.
  • Kugwirizanitsa: Kuphatikizana ma system a mwamsanga, mphamvu za ntchito zambiri, ndi kugwirizanitsa kuperekedwa kwa utumiki.
  • Kulinganiza kwa chigawo: Mabungwe achigawo, mabungwe olinganiza mzinda, ndi zolinga zogwirizana zokhazikitsa ma pulani.

Kugwirizana kwa anthu ogwirizana kumafunika kufotokoza bwinobwino mmene zinthu zilili, kukhulupirirana, ndiponso njira zothetsera mikangano.

Phunziro Loyamba: Chikalata Choyankha Chifuno cha Dziko — Kuyambira pa Chiphunzitso Kufikira pa Kuchitapo Kanthu

National Response Framework (NRF), yokhazikitsidwa ndi Dipatimenti ya Homeland Security ya United States, imapereka chiphunzitso chosavuta ndi chosinthika kwa onse oyang'anira zadzidzidzi. Imagwirizanitsa ntchito za anthu a m'deralo, boma, fuko, chigawo, ndi boma pansi pa National Incident Management System (NMS). Mphamvu ya NR imakhala m'njira yake yogwirizana.

Malo Akwanu: Lamulo Losalongosoka

Maboma a kumaloko ndiwo oyamba kupereka mayankho pa ngozi iliyonse. Pansi pa NRF, mabungwe a zangozi a kumaloko amakhazikitsa polisi yolamulira Potsatira Malonda (ICPs) ndi kugwirizanitsa apolisi, moto, EMS, ndi ntchito za anthu. Akuluakulu a boma amapenda zosoŵa, kupempha thandizo kwa wina ndi mnzake, ndi kuyamba kukhazikitsa zinthu.

Mmene Boma Limakhalira: Chipangizo Chothandiza Kupanga Zinthu Zambiri Ndiponso Kugwirizanitsa

Pamene malo akwanuko apitirira, boma limakhala ndi ntchito yogwirizanitsa. State Emergency Operations Center (SEOC) imasonkhezera, kutumiza magulu a National Guide, chuma cha boma, ndi timagulu tapadera. Maboma amatumikiranso monga njira yoyamba ya mapempho a boma, kuvomereza zosoŵa za kumaloko ndi kukhazikitsa mpambo wa zopereka.

Kukula kwa Magulu: Chichirikizo Chabwino ndi Chivomerezo cha Mavuto

Federal, yotsogozedwa ndi Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), yasungidwa kaamba ka zochitika zimene zimathetsa maluso a boma. FEMA imapereka chithandizo cha ndalama kupyolera mwa Public Importation Grant Program, Misday Incident Management Active Application Teams, ndi madongosolo ena a boma (m’chingaliro, HHS kaamba ka chichirikizo cha mankhwala, DOD kaamba ka zitsutso).

Zotulukapo: [[FLT :1] Mkati mwa mphepo yamkuntho Harvey (2017), dongosolo la NRF linatheketsa kugaŵana chuma pakati pa Texas, mabungwe a boma, ndi FEMA. Oposa 30,000 a boma anachirikiza ntchito zofufuza za kumaloko, pamene maboma anapereka malo obisa ndi zinyalala. Kugwirizanako kunachepetsa nthaŵi za kuyankha ndi kupulumutsa miyoyo.

Phunzirani zowonjezereka: .gov — Kuyankha kwa Palamente ya National Frames

Phunziro Lachiwiri: Ndalama Yothandiza Kukonzanso Madzi — Ndalama Zigwirizana ndi Maboma

Clean State Revoir Fund (CWSRF), yopangidwa pansi pa 1987 Clean Water Act Act Applement, imapereka chitsanzo cha kugwirizana kwa mapangano kumene kumapatsa mphamvu yosinthasintha ndi kutsimikizira zonulirapo za madzi a dzikolo. Boma lirilonse limachita programu yake ya SRF, kuipereka ndi ndalama za boma ndi ndalama zofanana, ndiyeno kupereka ngongole zochepera kwa maboma akumaloko kaamba ka kutaya madzi ndi ziwiya zamadzi za mkuntho.

Likulu la Mbewu za M’dziko la Federal ndi Uyang’aniro

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) imapereka ndalama zoperekera ndalama pachaka ku mayiko pansi pa CWSRF. Malo ameneŵa amabwera ndi ntchito ya pulogalamu . "m." kuyang'anira ndandanda ya malo, mpambo wa ntchito, ndi mapangano opereka lipoti. Komabe, maboma amakhalabe osamala kwambiri kuti akhazikitse chiwongola dzanja, mawu a ngongole, ndi malamulo oyenerera kuti asungidwe.

Ulamuliro wa Boma ndi Kukhazikitsidwa

Mabungwe a boma amakonza ndalama zothandizira kuchotsa ndalama za CWSRF ndi boma lopereka maprogramu. Amachititsa ntchito za malo okhala, ntchito zoyendera zaumoyo wa anthu onse ndi zaumoyo wabwino, ndiponso amathandiza m'midzi yaing’ono imene ilibe luso la uinjiniya.

Kutsatira Zinthu za M’derali Ndiponso Kuthandiza Anthu

Maboma akumeneko amagwiritsira ntchito ngongole za CWSRF kupanga kapena kuchepetsa malo osungirako zimbudzi, mizere ya zimbudzi, ndi madongosolo a madzi onyansa. Chiŵerengero cha chiwongola dzanja chiri pansi pa msika (kaŵirikaŵiri 0-2%), ndipo nyengo yobwezera ingatalikitse zaka 20-30, kuchepetsa msonkho wa msonkho kwa nzikazo.

Zopezedwa: [Kuchokera ku kuyambika, CWSRF yapereka ndalama zoposa $150 biliyoni popereka ntchito zoposa 44,000 m'dziko lonselo. Mwachitsanzo, Mzinda wa Memphis unagwiritsira ntchito CWSRF kukonza chakudya ku T.E. Maxson Wasteater Trapy Plant, kuchepetsa nayitrogen ndi phosphorus kuchotsa ndi 60% ndi kubwezeretsanso madzi abwino m'chigwa cha Mississippi.

Malo owonjezera: [[FT:2] EPA — Chenera Boma la Madzi Kukonzanso Khirisimasi

Kupenda Nkhani 3: Kuyamba Kupeza Nyumba — Kusintha kwa Njira Zokhalira Panyumba

House First, inapangidwa ndi mabungwe onga Patways to Hospitals ku New York, yatengedwa monga lamulo la boma pansi pa bungwe la United States la Intergagency Council on Homesiness (USICH). Imaika malo ofulumira m'nyumba zachikhalire popanda kufuna kusadziletsa, kuchiritsa kwa maganizo, kapena ntchito monga madendeksi. Njira yogwirizana imeneyi imadalira pa kuchirikiza ndalama ndi kutumiza ntchito pa milingo yonse itatu ya boma.

Kupereka Malo Osungiramo Anthu ndi Malo Ogona

Mabungwe olinganiza malo osamalira anthu opanda nyumba . Maboma a boma amaika pambali anthu opanda nyumba, osoŵa pokhala, pamene kuli kwakuti opereka chithandizo cha mankhwala, ndi mautumiki a ntchito.

Kupereka Ndalama ndi Kulinganiza Kwalamulo

Maboma amapereka ndalama za lendi, zothandizira anthu opeza nyumba, ndi zosungitsa ndalama zamalikulu kuti apeze nyumba zotsika mtengo.

Mapulogalamu: HUD, HHS, ndi VA

Dipatimenti ya zaumoyo ndi mautumiki a anthu ku United States imapereka ndalama kudzera ku Continuum of Care Program ndi Emergency Solutions Grants (EG). Dipatimenti ya zaumoyo ndi zaumoyo (HS) ndalama za za umoyo ndi mautumiki a anthu ochitidwa ndi SAMSA. Dipatimenti ya VETAN APTIAS (VA) imapatsa anthu a ku HTTP osoŵa pokhala.

Zopezedwa: Chiyambire 2010, chiŵerengero cha dziko lotetezeredwa lopanda nyumba chatha ndi opitirira 10%, ndi kusowa pokhala kwanthaŵi yaitali kukumatsika ndi 46% (2010-2020). Kufikira koyamba kwa nyumba m'madera monga Houston, Texas , , kuchepetsa kusowa pokhala kosalekeza ndi 63% pakati pa 2011 ndi 2020 kudzera mu mgwirizano wapamwamba wa mzinda, Harris County, boma, ndi HUD.

Utsogoleri wopotozedwa: USICH — Nyumba Yoyamba [Kuyamba]

Phunziro Lachinayi: Kugwirizana kwa Anthu Okhazikika — Kulinganiza Kwachizindikiro Chosatsutsika

Bungwe la bungwe la United States lotchedwa Frigesations Interatives (lomwe tsopano limatchedwa kuti Livable Communitive) linakhazikitsa chilolezo chokhudza ndalama zimene boma limapereka kuti zithandize anthu kuona bwino malo okhala, zoyendera, ndiponso zachilengedwe.

Gulu Lotsogolera: Kupereka Ndalama ndi Kuthandiza Mwaluso

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Kugwirizana kwa Boma: Kukhazikitsa Malo ndi Federal

Madipatimenti a boma a zoyendera, nyumba, ndi chitetezo cha malo okhala anachita nawo ntchito yolinganiza chigawo, kuthandiza kugwirizanitsa ndalama za boma, ndalama zothandizira anthu oyenda, ndi malamulo a zaumoyo ndi kupatsa boma zinthu zofunika. Mayiko anathandizanso kuti anthu agwirizane ndi kugawana zinthu zambiri.

Kudziloŵetsa mu Usilikali: Njira Zothetsera Vuto la Anthu

Maboma akumaloko anasonkhanitsa oyendetsa galimoto , magulu a malonda, osapanga phindu, ndi olinganiza .

Zopezedwa: Mkati mwa zaka khumi za programu, oposa $3.5 biliyoni m'mauni a boma ochirikizidwa ndi ntchito zopitirizidwa zochirikiza za kutsungula kwa kumaloko. Kufufuza kwa Boma la U.S. Umboni kwapeza kuti kugwirizanako kunawongoleretsa kugwirizana ndi kuthandiza anthu kusungitsa ndalama zachinsinsi zowonjezereka.

Chidziŵitso chochuluka: [ EPA — Mgwirizano wa Mayanjano Opirira

Kupenda Nkhani 5: Kusinthasintha kwa Zoyendera — FTA ndi DOTS ya Boma

Madongosolo oyendera a boma amadalira pa mapiramidi a ndalama ndi chichirikizo cha lamulo. Federal Transit Administration (FTA) imapereka ndalama zoperekera pamalikulu ndi kulinganiza pansi pa Chilamulo cha MAP-21 ndi Bipartisan Infraformation, pamene madipatimenti a boma a zoyendera (DOT) amagaŵira misonkho ya mafuta, ndalama zoperekera mgwirizano, ndi ngongole za ndalama kuti agwirizane ndi ndalama za boma. Maulamuliro a kampani a kampani a kampani akugwira ntchito ndi kukonzanso kwa ndalama zoyendera.

Ntchito Yopereka Mafulemu

FTA imapatsa maprogramu aakulu . monga ngati Urbated Arecule Formula Program (Ufulu 5307) ndi State of Good Reformation Program (Kukonza 5337) . Ndalama zoperekedwa zozikidwa pa anthu, okwera pa kavalo, ndi mikhalidwe ya chuma. Maboma amalandira gawo ndipo kenaka ndalama zogaŵidwa ku madera aakulu ndi aang'ono a m’tauni, limodzinso ndi malo a zaulendo a kumidzi.

Kusankha Ntchito ya Boma

Boma la DOTs limapanga bungwe lothandiza madera oyenda kudutsa anthu otsatizana ndi boma loona za njira zoyendetsera zinthu (STIP) limene limafuna kuti anthu azichitapo ntchito. M’mayiko ambiri, mabungwe okonza malo a mizinda (MPOs) amagwira ntchito ndi boma ndi mabungwe onyamula anthu kuti aike ntchito m'maprojekiti monga kuchepetsako masoka, kupita patsogolo kwa zachuma, ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu.

Kuthandiza Anthu Amene Akugwira Ntchito za M’deralo

Mabungwe a zamalonda akomweko . Kaya akhale mzinda wodzingira, wogwirizanitsidwa ndi chigawo, kapena akuluakulu a chigawocho . Amagwiritsira ntchito ndalama za boma za dziko lakuya kuti agule galimoto, masiteshoni okweza, kuika njira za basi zoyendera zikhale zoyendera tsiku ndi tsiku. Malamulo a Fare, mapulani a njira, ndi kubwerezabwereza amaganiziridwa kumaloko kuti akwaniritse zosoŵa za chitaganya.

[[FLT :0] Zopezedwa: Kukula kwachipambano kwa njira ya Los Angeles Metro Rail , kochirikizidwa ndi msonkho wa kudera wa kugulitsa R (2008), wotsatiridwa ndi zomangira za boma (Proces 1A, 2006), ndi New Stars imapatsa (Kusintha 5300,000), utumiki wowonjezereka ku madera osungidwa ndi kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wotentha ndi pafupifupi matani 300,000 chaka chilichonse.

[[MLT:0] Chitsutso:[[FULT:1] [[FTLT:2] Administration — Grants Hub

Mapindu a Kuchulukana kwa Magulu: Kuposa Kuchuluka

Ngakhale kuti kugwira ntchito bwino ndiponso kukonza zinthu moyenera n’kopindulitsa kwambiri, kugwirizana kwa boma kumathandiza kwambiri:

  • Kugaŵana: Mapangano aakulu ogaŵira ndalama, ntchito, ndi ndale kupyola oseŵera [1] ndi maprojekiti aakulu ndi kukonzanso tsoka.
  • Kusintha: maprogramu a woyendetsa ndege a kumaloko omwe angayende bwino angalinganizidwe ndi maboma kapena kuvomerezedwa ndi boma, pamene miyezo ya boma imapereka maziko a equity.
  • Kuŵerengera mlandu: [1] Pamene malamulo osiyanasiyana aloŵetsedwamo, kumakhala kovuta kupatsana mlandu; kukhala ndi wina kulimbikitsa kujambula.
  • Nyumba yaulendo: Maboma ang'onoang'ono amapeza maulamuliro ndi maluso a boma a kupatsa kulemba, kuyang'anira ntchito, ndi kupenda chidziŵitso, kulinganiza mbali ya kuseŵera.

Mavuto Okhazikika Okhudza Kugwirizana kwa Boma

Ngakhale kuti pali ubwino wake, pali zinthu zina zimene zimapangitsa kuti anthu azivutika ndi chikhalidwe chawo:

  • [[ML:0] Kukhazikitsa nthaŵi yosagwirizana: [[FT:1] nyengo za mapulogalamu kaŵirikaŵiri zimawombana ndi zaka za boma, kupangitsa kuchedwa kapena kufunika kwa ngongole za m’maulalo.
  • Mtolo wauyang'aniro: Kupereka malipoti, kusiyanitsa madongosolo a zinthu, ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa miyezo yoŵerengera ndalama kumawonjezera mtengo wa malonda.
  • Kusintha kwa zinthu: kusintha kwa dongosolo pamlingo uliwonse kungasokoneze kugwirizana kwa nthaŵi yaitali(m. g., malamulo a boma amasintha malamulo a malo okhala kapena chithandizo cha nyumba.
  • Ulemu ndi mikangano: Kutsutsana kumene kuli ndi mphamvu yomalizira yopanga zosankha, makamaka m'kugwiritsira ntchito nthaka kapena malamulo a zaumoyo wa anthu, kungaletse kupita patsogolo.
  • Kusagwirizana m'kutengamo mbali: Maulamuliro aang'ono, a kumidzi, kapena a pansi pa usilikali kaŵirikaŵiri amalimbana kuti apikisane ndi kulinganiza kapena chisonkhezero cha chigawo, kupitirizabe kusiyanitsa.

Ntchito Zothandiza Kulimbitsa Magulu

Mabwana a boma ndi atsogoleri a boma angatsatire njira zozikidwa pa umboni kuti agonjetse zopinga zimenezi:

Ganizirani Malamulo Ogwirizana

Makomiti ogwirizanitsa, mabudi, kapena magulu a ntchito okhala ndi mipando yosinthana ndi malamulo omveka bwino amathandiza kuthetsa mikangano. Mwachitsanzo, kugwirizana kwa maboma asanu ndi limodzi, D.C., ndi EPA amagwiritsira ntchito Komiti ya Management Board ndi Citizen Advisory kutsogolera zoyesayesa zokonzanso.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Maluso Apamwamba

Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zofala (m'chitsanzo, kuchepetsa maulendo a anthu osoŵa pokhala, mankhwala a madzi, nthaŵi za magetsi) kumatsimikizira kuti onse akugwirira ntchito kuti apeze chipambano. Boma limalimbikitsa kukhazikitsa cholinga choyendera.

Kuika Masheya Pansi pa Malamulo Ogwirizana ndi Boma

Ogwira ntchito odzipereka amene amamvetsetsa zonse ziŵiri madongosolo a boma ndi a boma angagwirizane bwino. Maboma ambiri amasunga Washington, D.C., maofesi ogwirizanitsa ndi mabungwe a boma; mofananamo, maofesi a boma a m’chigawocho angagwirizanitse magulu omanga malo okhala m’malikulu a boma.

Luso Lopanga Malo Oyera

Malo a ndandanda ya zinthu monga maofesi a ku United States operekera ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito kapena njira zotsegulira zinthu za boma . Zimalola onse ogwirizana kuyendera ndalama, zochitika zazikulu, ndi ntchito panthaŵi yeniyeni. Zimenezi zimachepetsa kujambula ndi kulimbitsa chikhulupiriro.

Wosunga Malo ndi Mawu a M’mudzi

Kugwirizana kogwira ntchito sikumalekeza kwa akanema a boma. Mabungwe a antchito, mabungwe a zamalonda, ndi anthu okhala m’dzikolo amatsimikizira kuti maprojekiti a boma akusonyeza kuti pakufunika zinthu za boma ndi kukhala ndi ufulu wa ndale.

Mapeto ake: Kupanga Chikhalidwe Chapamwamba

Nkhani yofufuzidwa pano . Kuchokera ku kuyang'anira kwadzidzidzi ndi madzi kufikira ku kukhazikika kwa malo ndi chitukuko . Kutsimikizira kuti kugwirizana kwamphamvu pakati pa boma kuli kotheka pamene ntchito zapadera zilongosoledwa bwino, ndalama zimasintha, ndipo kulankhulana kumachitidwa mwadala. Magwirizano ameneŵa amapanga kuwongokera kothekera m'kuperekera utumiki, kusasintha, ndi kupirira.

Komabe, kugwirizana sikuli kakonzedwe kanthaŵi kofanana; kuli njira yopitirizabe ya kukambitsirana, kuphunzira, ndi kuzoloŵera. Pamene mavuto onga kusintha kwa nyengo, kusoŵa kwa nyumba, ndi kusokonezeka kwa luso la zopangapanga zikuwonjezereka, mphamvu ya maboma a kumalo, boma, ndi boma lakugwirira ntchito pamodzi idzakhala yogwirizana kwambiri. Mwa kukhazikitsa malamulo a kukhulupirika, kuonekera, ndi kuŵerengerana, akuluakulu a boma angasinthe kuyenerera kwa mgwirizano wa boma kukhala ntchito ya tsiku ndi tsiku

kaamba ka kuŵerenga kowonjezereka pa maunansi a boma, onani:[[FT:1] U.S. Office ya Undustrualism — Intergovernmental Supers