Kusankha Anthu Othandiza ndi Olamulira M’mayiko Osiyana: Ntchito Yothandiza

Chithandizo chachilendo chakhala maziko a zoyesayesa zapadziko lonse za kuchirikiza kusintha kwa demokrase m'maiko osalimba. Maiko ameneŵa [1] kaŵirikaŵiri amadziŵika ndi mabungwe a boma ofooka, magulu a nkhondo, ndi kudalirana kwa anthu kwa zitokoso zazikulu m'kulinganiza masankho odalirika. Chithandizo chakunja, pamene chinapangidwa ndi kugwiritsiridwa ntchito bwino, chikhoza kupereka chuma chowopsa, ukatswiri wa zaluso, ndi zisonkhezero za ndale zadziko kuthandiza maiko ameneŵa kukulitsa madongosolo osankhidwa ndi democracy.

Unansi pakati pa chithandizo ndi chisankho cha democracy suli kokha cha kugulitsidwa; umaphatikizapo kugwirizana kocholoŵana pakati pa opereka, maboma olandira, chitaganya cha anthu, ndi magulu a mitundu yonse. Nkhaniyi ikupenda njira zimene chithandizo chachilendo chimachirikizira zisankho za democracy m'maiko osalimba, mikhalidwe imene imapangitsa chipambano, mavuto osalekeza, ndi maphunziro otengedwa ku milandu yeniyeni ya dziko. Kumvetsetsa unansi umenewu ngwofunika kwa opanga malamulo, ochiritsa, ndi akatswiri ofufuza maphunziro ofuna kulimbikitsa ulamuliro wa demokrase m'maiko ovuta kwambiri.

Kufotokoza Mayiko Ooneka Ngati Aakulu ndi Ntchito ya Chisankho cha Democratic Expotors

Mkhalidwe wofooka umafotokozedwa kukhala umodzi umene boma silingathe kapena silikufuna kupereka ntchito zazikulu kwa anthu ake, kuphatikizapo chisungiko, ulamuliro wa lamulo, mautumiki ofunika, ndi kuimira kwalamulo kwa ndale zadziko. [[FLT] CD Fragile States Framework imatchula mbali zingapo za kusoŵa kwa chikondi: chiwawa, chisalungamo, kutsendereza kwa ndale zadziko, kusakhazikika kwa chuma, ndi kusokonezeka kwa malo ozungulira dziko. M'malo oterowo, masankhoto onse aŵiri ndi mankhwala okhoza kuthetsera mavuto.

Chisankho cha democracy nchofunika kuti pakhale ulamuliro wovomerezeka. Chisankho chimapereka njira yokhayikitsira anthu kuti asankhe oimira awo, kuti atsogoleri awo aziwaimba mlandu, ndi kuti asonyeze zimene angakonde pandale. M’mayiko osachedwa, masankho odalirika angathandize kuchotsa mpikisano wachiwawa, kuchepetsa upandu wa kuukira kolamulira, ndi kukhazikitsa maziko a kukhazikitsa mtendere. Komabe, masankhoti osayendetsedwa bwino angayambitse mikangano, kukulitsa magaŵano a mafuko kapena a madera, ndi kuyambitsanso mikangano.

Mmene Chithandizo cha Kunja Chimathandizira Kusankha: Kupanga Makina

Pansipa pali njira zikuluzikulu zimene chithandizo chimathandiza, ndipo chilichonse chimafunika kupangidwa mosamala kuti pasachitike zotsatirapo zosayembekezereka.

Ntchito Yomanga Nyumba Zaulimi

Maiko ambiri ofooka alibe maziko ofunikira kukhazikitsa masankho: mabungwe oyang'anira odzisankhira okha (EMBS), madongosolo ovota ovomerezeka, kusungitsa kusindikiza, ndi kuvota. Ndalama zothandizira kumaiko ena kukhazikitsa kapena kulimbitsa EMBs, zimapatsa maluso alamulo opanga malamulo osankhira, ndipo zimachirikiza kuphunzitsa akuluakulu a masankho. Mwachitsanzo, [FLT: 0] International Standardawand for Electoral Systems (IFES) yagwira ntchito m'maiko oposa 145 kukonza makampani osanthula, kaŵirikaŵiri m'makalata othandizira. Zolinga zimenezi za kukhazikitsa makampani odziŵa ntchito, osasankha amene angapeze chidaliro kwa anthu onse kwa nthaŵi yaitali.

Thandizo la Zopangapanga ndi Kulingalira

Kulinganiza masankho a dziko m'mayiko osalimba kumafuna mavuto aakulu: malo ofufuza akutali, makampani osatetezereka, kusoŵa magetsi, ndi kuchepa kwa anthu odziŵa kulemba. Opanga makampani amathandiza kuti ovota alembetse pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono, mapulani, kupanga madongosolo otumizira zinthu, ndi mapulani a zapadera. Mabungwe apadera monga United Nations Development Programme (UDP) amatumiza alangizi apamwamba amene amagwira ntchito pamodzi ndi akuluakulu a boma kuti agwirizane ndi njira zabwino kwambiri za mayiko popanga zinthu.

Kuona ndi Kukumbukira Zosankha

Maseŵero ofufuza masankho apadziko lonse . Ochitidwa ndi mabungwe monga European Union, Carter Center, ndi African Union . Chitani mbali yofunika kwambiri potsimikizira umphumphu wa njira zosankhira. Kukhalapo kwawo kungaletse chinyengo, kupereka mayeso a kudziimira, ndi kukulitsa chidaliro cha anthu. Kuonerera kumaphimba kayendedwe konse, kuphatikizapo malo apadera, nyengo za mkupiti, kusanthula, kuŵerengera, ndi kutsutsana kwapambuyo. Ndalama zothandizira ntchito zimenezi, limodzinso ndi maphunziro a ma a alonda a m'nyumba omwe amatumikira monga malonda anthaŵi yaitali.

Kutenga Mbali m’Maphunziro a Zopangapanga

M'maiko ofooka, wovota wotsika kaŵirikaŵiri amachititsidwa ndi kusadziŵa, kugwiritsidwa mwala, kapena kuopa chiwawa. Chithandizo chakunja chimalimbikitsa makampani ovota kupyolera m'wailesi, mafoni a m'manja, macheza a anthu, ndi sukulu. Zoyesayesa zimenezi zimafotokoza mmene angalembetsere, mmene angasankhire, kufunika kwa kutenga nawo mbali, ndi mmene angapewere chiwawa cha osankha. Zimalimbikitsanso kulolerana pakati pa magulu opikisana. Mwachitsanzo, bungwe la U.S.Agency for International Development (USAID) lathandiza kwambiri maphunziro a boma m'mayiko onga Kenya ndi Mali kuti achepetse chiwawa choyenderana ndi chisankhoti.

Chichirikizo kwa Anthu a M’dzikomo ndi Ofalitsa Nkhani

Chitukuko cha anthu ndi zoulutsira nkhani zamphamvu nzofunika kwambiri kuti pakhale chisankho choŵerengera mlandu. Aid imalimbitsa magulu a anthu apanyumba openyerera, mathanki, mabungwe a akazi, ndi magulu a achichepere amene amachirikiza kusintha kwa masankhidwe. Imachirikizanso madanga ofufuza ndi mapulatifomu ofufuza kuti anene zolakwika. M'maiko ambiri osalimba, mabungwe ameneŵa ndiwo njira yoyamba yotetezera kuti asaponyeze osankha. Komabe, operekawo ayenera kukhala osamala kusapanga kudalirana kapena kuvumbula mafilimu akwawo kuti apezere kumbuyo kwa ndale zadziko.

Zinthu Zothandiza Kwambiri: Kodi Zimagwira Ntchito Liti?

Zinthu zingapo zimawonjezera kuthekera kwa chipambano:

  • Unitor wa kumaloko: Aid iyenera kugwirizana ndi zinthu zoyambirira za dziko ndi kulemekeza ulamuliro wa maboma a olandira. Pamene opereka aika maakaunti apamwamba, oseŵera a m'dziko angawatsutse kapena kuwasokoneza. Makonzedwe opindulitsa ndi boma, chitaganya cha anthu, ndi zipani za ndale zadziko amatulutsa zotulukapo zabwino.
  • [[FLT :0] Chithandizo cha kampani: [[FLT :1] Chichirikizo chakunja chingangokwaniritsa kudzipereka kwapanyumba. Ngati olamulira sakufuna kulandira mpikisano wa demokalase, ngakhale maprogramu operekedwa bwino angalephere. Aid ingayambitse kusintha kupyolera mwa zinthu zodalira pa mfundo, koma ziwopsezo zochotsa ndalama zingabweretse mavuto ngati alingaliridwa kukhala zogwirizana.
  • [[FLT: 0] Kuzindikira kwa maluso: Thandizo lamphamvu liyenera kusungidwa ndi kumvetsetsa kwakukulu kwa mphamvu za kumaloko, kudandaula kwa mafuko, ndi mbiri yakale. Kusumika maganizo pa mfundo za luso popanda kufotokoza zochititsa zazikulu kungalimbikitse kusalingana kapena chiwawa chomwe chilipo.
  • Kuthandiza ndi kugwetsa: Aid yoperekedwa mofulumira kwambiri ingatayidwe; kuchedwa kwambiri kungakhale kosathandiza. Nyengo yapadera yapambuyo pa kusankhidwa, nyengo yapambuyo pa kusankhidwa, ndi nyengo yokhalitsa pakati pa masankho zonse zimafuna chichirikizo. Ubatizo wanthaŵi yaitali, osati kungochoka ntchito, kumangitsa chikumbukiro.
  • Kugwirizanitsa pakati pa opereka: Malamulo angagonjetse maboma osalimba ndi kupikisana. Madongosolo a mgwirizano monga Joint Ecom Emotion Moniting Groupsties ndi ndalama zophatikizana zothandizira kuchepetsa kujambulana ndi kutsimikizira kugwirizana.

Mavuto Amene Amakumana Nawo Chifukwa Chothandiza Anthu Odwala

Ngakhale kuti anthu amayesetsa kuchita zinthu motsatira mfundo za demokalase, m’mayiko amene anthu sachedwa kupsa mtima, m’pofunika kwambiri kuti ntchitoyi ipite patsogolo.

Kupirira ndi Kuchiritsika

Maboma opanga ndalama kaŵirikaŵiri amadalira pa kuthandizira masankho, kuphatikizapo zinthu zazikulu monga mabokosi otsekera ndi inki yosatha. Pamene chithandizo chichepetsedwa kapena kuchotsedwa, mabungwe osankhira angagwe. Njira zopitirizira zimafuna kumanga mitsinje ya ndalama zapanyumba, monga ngati misonkho yoikidwa m'malamulo kapena ndalama za boma, ndi kutumiza chidziŵitso chapamwamba kotero kuti antchito a dziko azichita zinthu paokha. Opereka ndalama ambiri tsopano amalinganiza “makonzedwe otulukira [1] kuyambira pachiyambi, koma izi nzosavuta kunenedwa kuposa mmene zimachitidwira m'nkhani zopo zopanda pake.

Kulowerera ndale ndi Kusokonekera

Maboma a augandaganda m'maiko ofooka angagwiritsire ntchito chithandizo cha ofufuza kuti avomereze ulamuliro wawo popanda kulola mpikisano weniweni. Aid ingapatsidwe ku mabungwe olamulira, kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kupyolera m'zoulutsira nkhani zokondera, kapena kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kutumiza zigwirizano za boma. Antchito ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito kupenda kolimba, zofunika kuonekera, ndi kuyang'anira okha kuti apeŵe kugwidwa. M’zochitika zopambanitsa, iwo angafunikire kuletsa kuchotsa zitsutso, monga momwe zimawonedwa ku Ethiopia mkati mwa nkhondo 202020 - 201 pamene boma lilephera kuyang'anira masankhoti.

Kugwiritsira Ntchito Chithandizo Chochitidwa ndi Ochita Chikalata cha Kunja

Maulamuliro aakulu nthaŵi zina amagwiritsira ntchito chithandizo cha osankhira kupititsa patsogolo zikondwerero za geostrategic mmalo mwa makhalidwe a demokrase. Mwachitsanzo, China ndi Russia amapereka ziŵiya zosankhira popanda mikhalidwe pa ufulu wa anthu, kuchepetsa kukwezedwa kwa demokrase ya Kumadzulo. Mpikisano umenewu ungachititse maboma osalimba kusewera ndi operekana, kuchepetsa kuŵerengera. Kugwirizanitsa malamulo apadziko lonse a umphumphu wosanthula. Kupyolera maluso onga International IDEEEctoral Modernment Seance

Ngozi za Chisungiko ndi Chiwawa

Maboma a Fragile kaŵirikaŵiri ali okhoterera ku chiwawa chokhudza chisankho. Othandiza, openyerera, ndi ovota angawopsezedwe ndi magulu ankhondo, magulu a chisungiko cha boma, kapena magulu andale. Ku Afghanistan, kuukira kwa Taliban kunasokoneza kulembetsa kwa voti ndi kusanthula mu masankho a 2014 ndi 2019. Mu Democratic Republic of Congo, zotsatira zake zinayambitsa chiwawa chimene chinapha anthu ambiri. Madoko ayenera kulinganiza chitetezo ndi kuika moyo pachiswe chawo m’chichilikizo cha osankhidwa, kuphatikizapo malamulo otetezeredwa a antchito, maprogramu a magulu otetezedwa, ndi kutumiza nkhondo kofulumira.

Maphunziro a Nkhani: Maphunziro Kuchokera ku Munda

Zitsanzo zotsatirazi zikusonyeza kuthekera ndi malire a chithandizo chachilendo m’kupititsa patsogolo masankho a democracy m’maiko osalimba.

Liberia: Kupambana kwa Pambuyo pa Kudziloŵetsa m’Chipangano Chachitali

Pambuyo pa zaka 14 za nkhondo yachiŵeniŵeni imene inatha mu 2003, Liberia inayang'anizana ndi kugwetsedwa kwa bungwe. Chisankho cha 2005, chimene chinapangitsa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf kulowa mu ulamuliro, chinachirikizidwa kwambiri ndi United Nations Mission ku Liberia (UNMIL), European Union, ndi opereka chiphatso cha ziŵiya zachiŵeniŵeni. Kuthandiza kogwirizana ndi kulembetsa, maphunziro a boma, ndi ntchito yaikulu ya bungwe la ofufuza zinthu. Makampani a International anatsimikizira kuti njirayo ndi yodalirika, ndi kusamutsidwa kwamtendere kwa ulamuliro kwachitika chiyambi. Komabe, mavuto akukhalabe: mphamvu ya boma, chiphuphu, ndi magulu andale ofooka akupitirizabe kuletsa kutembenuzatsa kukonza kopatsira zinthu, koma kumbuyo kwa dziko. Aid yasintha kuchokera pa mapulogalamu apamwamba ofufuza zinthu, koma kumbuyo kwa dziko ndi kumbuyo kwa dziko.

Afghanistan: Aid Pakati pa Nkhondo

Chivoti cha anighanistan chija nchochititsa chidwi. Kuyambira mu 2001, opereka ndalama padziko lonse analoŵa m'masankho, pofuna kuvomereza boma la Talibhani. Komabe chinyengo, kusatetezeka, ndi kuloŵerera m'zandale zinasokoneza zungulire . Chisankho cha pulezidenti cha 2009 chinawonongeka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito katundu wapamwamba kwambiri; chisankho cha 2014 chinafuna kuti pakhale ulamuliro wa U.S-kuyendetsa zinthu; masewera 2019 anawona zolemba zolembedwa ndi tsikira cha Taliban chifukwa cha ziwopsezo. Pamene chithandizo chinakhazikitsa nyumba zapamwamba za boma, sichingathe kugonjetsa kulephera kulamulira dziko, chiphuphu chofalikira, ndiponso kusoŵa chiphuphu, kutsutsana ndi ndaletso. Talibanin anatenga ntchito yotchuka yotchuka ya kunja kwa dziko lonse ndi kugula chitetezo cha m’dziko.

Iraq: Kuloŵererana ndi Kusintha Mabaibulo

Pambuyo pa kuukira kwa United States kwa 2003, masankho a Iraq analembedwa kwambiri ndi chithandizo chachilendo . Onse aŵiri masankho anali ena a ovota odula kwambiri m'mbiri. Komabe dongosolo la sankho linakhala lothandiza kuti magulu ampatuko adziwike. Mabungwe a Aid anathandiza kupanga njira zoimira anthu, koma otsutsa anaikuza chigawo cha agulu lapadera. Nkhaniyi igogomezera kuti masankhoma ayenera kusamala kuti apange mapangano andale; mapulogalamu a zauka popanda kugwirizana kwa ndale angagwiritsiritse.

Kenya: Kusintha kwa Chiwawa cha Aid

Kenya si dziko lofooka kwambiri, koma chiwawa chake cha 2007-2008 pambuyo pa kusankhidwa chinapha anthu 1,000 ndi kuthamangitsa anthu zikwi mazana ambiri, kusonkhezera dzikolo mpaka nkhondo yachiŵeniŵeni. Poyankha, opereka monga USAID, DFID, ndi European Union inachirikiza maprogramu aakulu okonza zinthu zosintha, kuphatikizapo kukhazikitsa bungwe latsopano la Electoral ndi Bodys Commissions ndi kukhazikitsa maphunziro a boma. Mkupiti wa maphunziro wotchuka ndi 2022 unali wamtendere, ngakhale kuti masankhoti 2017 anachotsedwa ndi Khoti Lapamwamba. Aid inachirikiza maluso onse aŵiri a za zopanga ndi mayanjano andale omwe analetsa chiwawa chachikulu. Nkhani imeneyi ikusonyeza kuti nkhondoyi ikhoza kuchitika pamene gulu la andale likugwirizana ndi litsogoleri a zandale zina.

Chiyambukiro Chachikulu: Umboni Wozikidwa

Academic ndi madokotala akupitirizabe kutsutsana za kugwira ntchito kwa mtundu wina popititsa patsogolo masankho a democracy. Kufufuza kwa mitundu yonse kumasonyeza zotsatira zosiyana. Kufufuza kwina kochitidwa ndi German Development Institute kumasonyeza kuti chithandizo cha demokrase, kuphatikizapo chichirikizo chosankhidwiratu, chili ndi ziyambukiro zazikulu pa mabungwe a democracy koma kuli ndi ziyambukiro zochepa pa miyezo ndi makhalidwe okhazikika. Kufufuza kwina kochitidwa ndi alembi pa Yunivesite ya Gothenburg kunapeza kuti kupenda chisankho cha chisankho cha democracy kumachititsa chinyengo koma sikungasinthe mkhalidwe wautali wa democracy. Chidziŵitso chimathandiza bwino pamene chimagwirizana ndi mfundo zina: mphamvu ya boma, anthu otchuka, ndi kutsendereza kwa mayiko onse.

Zisonyezero zonga zauchizembe wa Unitive Democracy Index [1] zimasonyeza kuti maboma osalimba olandira chithandizo cholemera cha osankhira sanawongolere bwino mlingo wawo. Komabe popanda chithandizo chotero, ambiri akanapitirizabe popanda masankho alionse. Nkhani zotsutsana: m'mikhalidwe imene kulibe chichirikizo chakunja (monga ku Syria mkati mwa nkhondo yachiŵeniŵeni), masankho anali osagwirizana ndi masankho kapena onyenga.

Zochita Zabwino Kwambiri kwa Opereka ndi Oswa

Kuganizira zimene mungaphunzire pa kafukufuku amene wachitika pa nkhani za anthu amene achita masankho olakwika, kungathandize kuti anthu amene akusankha kuti achite masankho a demokalase azitha kuthandiza bwino:

  • Kugwirizana ndi njira yanjinga yonse: Chichirikizo cha masankho sichiyenera kutha patsiku lofufuza. Magawo a kusankhidwa kwapambuyo pa chisankho(kuphatikizapo chigamulo cha mkangano, kusintha kwa malo a chitetezo, ndi kulimbitsa nyumba ya malamulo) n’kovuta mofananamo.
  • Kuphatikiza: Aid iyenera kufotokoza kutseguka kwa akazi, achichepere, mafuko aang'ono, ndi anthu othaŵa kwawo. Madongosolo a mawu, ovota, chithandizo kwa anthu opunduka, ndi makonzedwe a chisungiko ozindikira bwino amuna ndi ofunika.
  • Manikireni mlingo wa kumaloko mowoneratu: Ndalama ziyenera kuyendetsedwa m'mabungwe a dziko pamene kuli kotheka, koma ndi mafashoni amphamvu. Kuchirikiza kwa ndandanda ya EMB kuyenera kugwirizanitsidwa ndi zochitika zazikulu.
  • Spupport yodziimira pa wailesi ndi kuyang'anira mfundo: Mixinfo ikufuna kutchuka kwa masankho, makamaka m'maiko ofooka kumene kudalirana kwa mabungwe kuli kochepa. Aid iyenera kuphatikizapo kuwerenga ndi kulemba ndi kulemba nkhani paokha.
  • Ogwirizana ndi chisankho akuchirikiza ndi kumanga mtendere kwakukulu: Thandizo la Erector liyenera kukhala mbali ya njira yomvekera bwino yomwe imaphatikizapo kuchotsa zida, chilungamo chosinthasintha, ndi kukambitsirana pakati pa osungitsa malonda a ndale zadziko.
  • Uwinjikidwe wa nthaŵi yaitali: Mapangano a chisankho chimodzi chochokera samapangitsa kusintha kwanthaŵi yaitali. Maprogramu a zaka zambiri amene amamanga maunansi ndi zikumbukiro a zinthu amapindulitsa kwambiri.

Njira Yamtsogolo: Kufikira

Malo a chithandizo chachilendo pa masankho a democracy akusintha. Umisiri watsopano . kuphatikizapo kulembetsa kwa ovota, kutsekera kwa zopimira, ndi kuyang'anira wailesi za anthu . Ziwiya zoyendera ndi magetsi zimapereka mpata ndi ngozi zonse ziŵiri. Maboma a Fragile angagwiritsitse ntchito yolimbana ndi kuukira kwa magetsi. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, kukwera kwa mpikisano wa mphamvu pakati pa opereka mphamvu (Chicina, Russia, maiko a ku Gulf) kumasokoneza chigwirizano cha malamulo pa demokrase.

Kusintha kwa nyengo kukubukanso monga vuto lopanga masankho. Kusintha kwa malo okhala, kusoŵa kwa chuma, ndi nyengo yowopsa kungawonjezere kutha kwa mphamvu ya dziko ndi kusokoneza njira zosankhira. Maprogramu a chithandizo a mtsogolo ayenera kugwirizanitsa kulimba kwa nyengo, mwachitsanzo mwa kutsimikizira malo ofufuza kuti ali opezeka mkati mwa kusefukira kwa madzi kapena chilala.

Pomalizira pake, chithandizo chachilendo sichingapange ‘ demokrase, koma chingangopangitsa kuti masankho a democracy akhale njira yopezera ulamuliro wokhazikika. Kupambana kumafuna kuleza mtima, kudzichepetsa, ndi kuzindikira mozama za mkhalidwe wapadera wadziko, wandale, ndi wa mbiri yakale. Pamene opereka ndi ogwiritsira ntchito odzipereka ku mapulinsipulo ameneŵa, chithandizo chimakhala chochititsa chatanthauzo cha machitidwe amtendere, odalirika, ndi osasanthula.

Kumaliza: Thandizo Monga Chithandizo Chokhala ndi Chiyeneretso Koma Chosapeŵeka

Chithandizo chakunja chidakali chipangizo chofunika kwambiri chothandizira kupititsa patsogolo masankho a democracy m'mayiko osalimba. Chimapereka chuma ndi ukatswiri wakuti maiko ameneŵa sangapange mkati mwawo, amachirikiza mabungwe amene angagwe, ndipo amapereka mlingo wakuti adziwitse mlandu wa mitundu yonse umene umaletsa kupotoza. Komabe, chithandizo sichili chothandiza. Kugwira ntchito kwake kumadalira pa chifuniro cha ndale zadziko. Kuzindikira zinthu, kugawana, kumamatirana ndi kugwirizana kwa oseŵera ambiri.

Umboni wochokera ku Liberia, Afghanistan, Iraq, Kenya, ndi maiko ena ofooka umagogomezera kuti chipambano nchotheka koma nchosalimba . Pamene chithandizo chimaperekedwa ndi kudzichepetsa, ulemu wa ulamuliro, ndi maso anthaŵi yaitali, chingathandize maboma kuchepa kuchoka pa ziwawa ndi ulamuliro wa authorikirano kupita ku mtsogolo mwa ulamuliro wa demokrase. Mtundu wa maiko ambiri sungathe kusiya chichirikizo cha osankhidwa m’nkhani zimenezi, koma uyenera kuwongolera njira zake zozikidwa pa zenizeni, kufufuza kwamaphunziro amaphunziro, ndi kusinkhasinkha kowona mtima pa zolephera zakale. Ndi pamenenso mitundu ina ingakwaniritse lonjezo lake monga mphamvu yothandiza kukhazikika kwa democracycyism m'malo ovuta kwambiri a dziko.