Chiyambi: Mavuto Apadziko Lonse a Chiwawa cha M’magulu ndi Lonjezo la Kuthandiza Anthu Achilendo

Chiwawa chozikidwa pa Gender (GBV) chidakali chimodzi cha zigaŵenga zamphamvu kwambiri padziko lonse, chikumakhudza mmodzi mwa akazi atatu pa moyo wawo. M'madera osatetezereka . (amene amakhudzidwa ndi nkhondo, umphaŵi, kusamuka, kapena kulephera kulamulira) (kuchuluka kwa chiwawa chapamtima, kuukira ana, ndi kudula ziŵalo za akazi kaŵirikaŵiri n’kwapamwamba kwambiri. Kuthandiza kwa mayiko, kochitidwa kudzera m'mabungwe a zigawo zosiyanasiyana, mabungwe osiyanasiyana, ndi mayiko a NGOs, kwakhala chida chovuta kwambiri posamalira vutolipirira. Mwa kupereka ndalama, luso la zaumisiri, ndi kuchirikiza, maprogramuzira athandiza kuchepetsa ku GV m'malo ambiri. Nkhaniyi ikupenda njira zothandizira anthu achilendo, zipambanitso ndi mavuto aakulu, ndi njira zina zopitirizira bwino.

Ntchito ya Chithandizo cha Mayiko Ena Polimbana ndi GBV

A bungwe la United Nations lopereka chithandizo ku Gender Eunity ndi kupatsidwa mphamvu kwa Akazi (UNICEF), ndi World Bank yapatulira madola mamiliyoni zikwi zambiri ku GBV ndi maprogramu oyankha pa zaka makumi aŵiri zapitazo.

Chithandizo cha GBV chimadalira pa mawu apatsogolo ndi apambuyo pake. Zimene zimagwira ntchito m'makonzedwe apamwamba zingasiyane ndi njira zimene zingathandize kumadera akumidzi okhazikika koma osauka. Komabe, mbali zambiri zofala zimatulukira pa maprogramu achipambano: kukhala ndi boma lamphamvu, kutengamo mbali kochitidwa ndi anthu, ndi kuchirikiza ndalama kwa zaka zambiri.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Makina ndi Maprogramu

Chithandizo chakunja cha kuchepetsa Azikazi chimayenda m'njira zingapo. Chithandizo cha Biladal, kumene dziko lina limapereka ndalama mwachindunji kwa lina, kaŵirikaŵiri limachirikiza makonzedwe a kachitidwe ka dziko ndi kusintha kwa malamulo. Ndalama zambiri, zonga UN Fund yothetsa Chiwawa kwa Akazi , phatikizani ndalama kuchokera kwa opereka ndalama zambiri ndi kuzigaŵira ku magulu a udzu. Thandizo la anthu a m'mabanja lilinso lovuta m'madongosolo a mavuto; [[FLT:] FPA [FLT] ndi mabungwe ena othandiza GBBGBGBGPGPGH.

Maprogramu ena ndi monga:

  • Kusintha kwa malamulo ndi malamulo kuti awononge GBV ndi kuwongolera njira zochitira zinthu mwachilungamo.
  • Malo oimila nyumba abwino, malo oimilako malo ena, ndi malo otetezeka 24 /7.
  • Ndawala zochenjeza anthu zimene zimatsutsa mfundo zoipa.
  • Maluso a zachuma monga kusamutsidwa kwa ndalama ndi maphunziro a ntchito.
  • Maprogramu a sukulu ophunzitsa kuvomereza, kudzilamulira kwa thupi, ndi maunansi abwino.
  • Kuphunzitsidwa za anthu ogwira ntchito zaumoyo, apolisi, ndi oweruza amene anapulumuka pachipatala chotchedwa Praguecenter.

Kusintha Malamulo ndi Kachitidwe: Kulimbitsa Malo Otetezera

Chimodzi cha ziyambukiro zazikulu za chithandizo cha kumaiko akunja chakhala kuchirikiza malamulo a boma ndi malamulo amene amapanga chiwawa cha upandu ndi kukhazikitsa zoyenera kwa opulumuka. Maiko ambiri m'chigawo cha 88Saharan Africa, South Asia, ndi Latin America akhazikitsa malamulo achiwawa m’banja, kugwirira chigololo, ndi ziletso zalamulo pa ukwati wa ana, kaŵirikaŵiri ndi chithandizo chachindunji cha zaluso ndi cha ndalama kuchokera kwa opereka chithandizo kwa akazi. Mwachitsanzo, Bank ya World Gender ndi Development polo / yathandiza maboma kuyang'anira malamulo ndi kusintha zinthu zimene zimayendera limodzi ndi miyezo yamitundu yonse yogwirizana ndi malamulo a pangano la kuchotsa mitundu yonse ya masamu otsutsana ndi akazi (CEDW).

Kufufuza za Malamulo

Ku Rwanda, chithandizo chakunja chapambuyo pa 88genocde chinachirikiza kuchuluka kwa malamulo a kugonana kwamphamvu, kutulukapo umodzi wa akazi apamwamba koposa m'dziko m'chilamulo cha GBV ndi lamulo lamphamvu la GBV. Lamulo la 2008 la kuletsa ndi kulanga akazi ndi chiwawa chozikidwa pa kugwirira chigololo ndi kukhazikitsa makhoti a GBV. Mabungwe apadera a Aid adaphunzitsa oweruza ndi apolisi, ndipo linawonjezera ziŵerengero ndi zigamulo.

Ku zisumbu za Pacific, Dipatimenti ya Australia ya Maiko Akunja ndi Trade (DFAT) inapereka ndalama za “Pacific Women Shaping Pacific Development , zimene zinathandiza maiko ambiri kukhazikitsa malamulo a chitetezo cha banja ndi kukhazikitsa magulu a GBV odzipereka m'magulu a apolisi. Malamulo ameneŵa ndi ofunika kwambiri popanga malo kumene opulumuka amamva kukhala otetezeka kutsogolo ndi oukirawo akuyang’anizana ndi zotsatirapo.

Mavuto a Kukwaniritsa Zochita

Mosasamala kanthu za kupita patsogolo kwa malamulo, masinthidwe kaŵirikaŵiri amayang'anizana ndi kulephera kwa mayeso. Madongosolo achiweruzo ofooka, kusazindikira pakati pa akuluakulu onse aŵiri ndi anthu, ndi kusalangidwa kosalekeza kufooketsa cholinga cha malamulo atsopano. Thandizo la maiko akunja layamba kusintha ku “kulimbitsa chigawo cha chilungamo, kuchirikiza mautumiki alamulo, kuyang'anira, ndi njira zogamula kutsimikizira kuti malamulo akutsatiridwa. Komabe, popanda kuchirikiza chifuniro cha ndale zadziko, ndalama zakunja zokha sizingatsimikizire kusintha.

Mautumiki Ochirikiza ndi Malo Otetezereka: Kukwaniritsa Zosoŵa Zamwamsanga za Opulumuka

Mautumiki a ndalama a kumaiko ena omwe amapulumutsa miyoyo ndi kuchirikizidwa. Izi zimaphatikizapo malo ogona osoŵa, chisamaliro cha zamankhwala, uphungu wa zamakhalidwe, ndi mautumiki otentha. Kupezeka kwa mautumiki oterowo kumagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa kuchitidwa ndi kuwonjezereka kwa kuvutitsidwa ndi kuwongolera kwa thanzi la maganizo ndi chuma cha opulumuka.

Zingwe ndi Malo Oimapo

Mashelter amapereka malo othaŵirako a kanthaŵi kwa akazi ndi ana othaŵa chiwawa. Opanga makampani onga USAID ndi European Commission achirikiza kumangidwa ndi kugwira ntchito kwa malo ogona m'maiko okhala ndi kufalikira kwa GBV. M'makonzedwe a anthu, UNFPA ndi mnzake NGOs amakhazikitsa “akazi mwaubwenzi malo otetezeka opezera chidziŵitso, mautumiki operekera, ndi chichirikizo cha maganizo. Kufufuza kwa m'misasa ya Rohingwaya ku Bangladesh kumasonyeza kuti malo otero amachepetsa kwambiri malipoti a chiwawa cha kugonana ndi kuwonjezera kutetezeka kwa akazi.

Zipangizo Zothandiza

Antchito a Hotline ophunzitsidwa ndi aphungu ali otsika, oloŵerera kwambiri. Thandizo lakunja lapeza ndalama zothandizira mayiko m'mayiko angapo a mu Africa ndi Southeast Asia. Maprogramu ena tsopano amaphatikizapo ma apulogalamu a m'manja ndi ma SMS kuti afikire akazi amene ali ndi mafoni ochepa. Mwachitsanzo, UN Trust Fund Yathandiza pa ntchito ku Kenya imene imagwiritsa ntchito pulatifomu yogwirizana ndi opulumuka ndi chithandizo chalamulo. Zotsatira za pulogalamu za pulogalamu ya pa magetsi zimasonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kwa makompyuta kuwonjezera kujambula ndi kuchepetsa nthaŵi yoyembekezera thandizo.

Kuloŵerera m’Magulu Opereka Chithandizo cha Zaumoyo

Madongosolo a zaumoyo kaŵirikaŵiri ndiwo malo oyamba olankhulirana ndi opulumuka GBV. Maprogramu a zaumoyo amaphunzitsa antchito zaumoyo kuti aone zachiwawa, amapereka njira zopewera kutenga mimba ndi kuchiritsa kwamwadzidzidzi kwa HIV, ndi kupereka chithandizo choyamba cha maganizo. “Clinical Management of Prase". Malamulo oyambitsidwa ndi WHO ndi ochirikizidwa ndi opereka chithandizo ambiri atengedwa m'maiko ambiri. Kusintha kwa mautumiki a GBV kukhala chisamaliro chachikulu cha thanzi sikumangowongolera kokha zotulukapo za HIV komanso kuchepetsanso kunyozeka mwa kuchititsa kachitidwe kabwino m'zamankhwala.

Kuthandiza Anthu ndi Maphunziro: Kusintha Makhalidwe a Anthu

Kuchepetsako kwa nthaŵi yaitali nthenda ya GBV kumafuna kusintha maganizo ofala amene amalekerera chiwawa.

Kuloŵerera m’Makhalidwe a Anthu Kusintha

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kufufuza . . . . . . Kufufuza . . . . . . Kuthandiza anthu ogwirizana ndi akazi odzipereka m'mayiko oposa 20, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama za mayiko ena (ang’ono) SA .

Maprogramu ena ogwirizana ndi [1] Malo ochitira zinthu monga “Matala, [1] malo ochitira zinthu za amuna ndi akazi, ndi “Amuna Ofuna Kuwagwiritsa Ntchito Politist Practics” (EMAP). Maprogramu onsewa asonyeza kuchepa kwa GBV perpetation ndi kuchirikiza kwambiri kufanana kwa amuna. Madoko a Sweden International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) amathandiza kwambiri kuti aloŵetsepo zinthu motsatira mfundo zomveka.

Maphunziro a Sukulu ←

Sukulu ndizo mfundo yofunika kwambiri yopitirapo kuletsa GBV. Aidgraded passystem yonga ngati “Safe days” (United States) ndi“Anawake” (Burkina Faso) amaphunzitsa ophunzira maluso aulemu m'mayanjano, kulimbana, ndi kuloŵerera. M'misasa ya othaŵa kwawo, UNHCR ndi UNICEF imayendetsa malo a achichepere omwe amagwiritsira ntchito maluso a moyo ndi kuletsa GBV. Umboni wa maphunziro ambiri ofalitsidwa mu [[FLT: 0] Journal of Ages Health amasonyeza kuti maprogramumboni a sukulu yogwirizana ndi mayanjano a kugonana angachepetse ndi chiwawa chakuthupi ndi madewera 40%.

Kugwira Ntchito ndi Atsogoleri Achipembedzo ndi Amwambo

M'madera ambiri, atsogoleri achipembedzo ndi amwambo ali ndi chisonkhezero chachikulu pa malamulo okhudza ukwati, banja, ndi chiwawa. Chithandizo chakunja chachirikiza kugwirizana ndi atsogoleri ameneŵa kumasuliranso malemba opatulika ndi miyambo pochirikiza chiwawa chosachitidwa ndi Zedekiya. Mwachitsanzo, ku Senegal, projekiti ya Tostaan yochirikizidwa ndi USAID inagwira ntchito ndi atsogoleri achisilamu ndi Akristu kupanga ulaliki wotsutsa chiwawa cha m’banja. Kufufuza kwa 2018 kwapeza kuti akazi amene akuloŵererapo sanakumane ndi chiwawa chakuthupi ndi othekera kwambiri kuti adziŵe kumene angapeze thandizo.

Mphamvu Zachuma Monga Njira Yotetezera

Kulephera kuyendetsa bwino chuma kumawonjezera vuto la GBV ndipo kumatsekereza anthu opulumuka paubwenzi wankhanza.

Zoyendera za Ndalama ndi Uchinyamata

Kusinthasintha kwa ndalama kwapadera ndi kopanda malire kwasonyeza lonjezo la kuchepetsa chiwawa cha mnzawo wapamtima. “timasewera takufufuza tapamtima [1] ku Bangladesh, ochirikizidwa ndi World Bank ndi opereka ena, anapeza kuti kupereka ndalama ndi chakudya kwa akazi osauka kuchepetsa chiwawa chakuthupi ndi cha kugonana ndi 12% poyerekezera ndi gulu lolamulira. Kuphatikiza ndalama ndi mapulogalamu a kugonana (m’jere, programu ya “Bandebereho" ku Rwanda) kunatulutsa kuchepa kwa ndalama ndi kuwonjezereka kwa 56% m'mbuyomu chiwawa chakunja.

Maprogramu a microfinice onga ngati “Village Savers ndi Loan Associations” (VSLS) amathandizanso, koma umboni umasonyeza kuti iwo amagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pamene akambirana ndi amuna kapena akazi. Programu ya “IMAGINE” ku Zimbabwe, yothandizidwa ndi Irish Aid, inagwirizanitsa magulu osunga ndalama ndi maseti 10 93 a ufulu ndi kulankhulana. Otengapo anasimba za chiwawa chakuthupi chochepera 30% poyerekezera ndi aja okhala m’magulu osunga ndalama okha.

Kuphunzira Ntchito Zamanja ndi Zamoyo

Kupatsa akazi maluso ndi kupezera ndalama kungachepetse kudalira kwawo kwa chuma kwa amuna ozunza. Komabe, maprogramu oterowo angayambitsenso kusokonezeka ngati amuna aona kuti sakutha kulamulira. Motero, njira zothandizira zachipambano zimagwiranso ntchito ndi amuna a muukwati ndi ziŵalo za m’mudzi. “Kupeza ndalama ndi Kudziteteza kwa Akazi ku Côte d’Ivoire , kochirikizidwa ndi USAID, kuphatikiza maphunziro a zaulimi ndi makambitsirano a mabanja pankhani ya ndalama ndi ntchito za akazi. Pambuyo pa zaka zitatu, chiwawa chachikulu chinali 45% m’mabanja otengamo mbali.

Kulemba Zinthu, Kufufuza, ndi Kuŵerengera

Chithandizo cha mayiko ena chapitanso patsogolo kwambiri pankhani ya mmene amapimira ndi kuyang’anira GBV.

Zisonyezero ndi Kusimba

“ Global Women’s Institute , ndi kuchilikiza kuchokera ku USAID ndi World Health Organization, adayambitsa Komiti ya Mayanjano a Mtendere , njira yoyezera kufalikira kwa GBV mosalekeza . Chiŵiya chimenechi chagwiritsiridwa ntchito m'maiko oposa 15, kupereka chidziŵitso chofanana chimene chatsogolera malamulo a dziko ndi kuyendetsa ndalama zopereka.

Kupima Nthaŵi Yake Yanileni m’Makonzedwe a Anthu

Pakachitika ngozi, GBV Information Management System (GBVIMS), yoyambitsidwa ndi UNFPA, UNICEF, ndi anzake ena, imasintha zolemba ndi zolembedwa za opulumuka. Thandizo lakunja limathandiza kukhazikitsa kwake m'misasa ya othaŵa kwawo ndi m'madera a nkhondo, zomwe zimathandiza kuzindikira mwamsanga za vuto ndi malo. Mwachitsanzo, mliri wa CHOVID .

Mavuto Amene Anthu Othandiza Alendo Akukumana Nawo Pochepetsa Ufulu Wawo

Ngakhale kuti zinthu zambiri zayenda bwino, thandizo la mayiko ena limakumana ndi mavuto aakulu pochepetsa GBV, chifukwa kumvetsa mavuto ameneŵa n’kofunika kwambiri popanga njira zogwira mtima.

Kutsutsa Chikhalidwe ndi Makhalidwe a Anthu

Zikhulupiriro za makolo akale zozikika kwambiri zingatsekereze maprogramu okonzedwa bwino. M'nkhani zina, ziŵalo za chitaganya zimawona zoyesayesa zakusintha uvale monga kuswa mwambo kapena chipembedzo. Maprogramu a chithandizo amene amalephera kugula zinthu kwa atsogoleri ndi osunga zipata angaone kukhala ndi phande lochepa kapena chitsutso chenicheni. Maprojekiti achidule (zaka-4.2) samapeza kakhalidwe kofunikira kuchepetsa chiwawa.

Kupeza Ndalama Zokwanira ndi Zothetsa M’banja

Chithandizo chakunja kaŵirikaŵiri chimayenderana ndi ndale zadziko, zopereka zofunika, ndi bajeti. Maprogramu ambiri a GBV amagwira ntchito pa nyengo za ndalama za chaka ndi chaka zimene zimalepheretsa kulinganiza kwanthaŵi yaitali. 2021 kupenda kochitidwa ndi CD Development Application Komiti [1] [ anapeza kuti mlingo wochepera pa 1% ya chithandizo chonse cha m'thupi ndilogaŵidwa kwenikweni kuthetsera chiwawa kwa akazi ndi atsikana. Kulephera ndi kusatsimikizirika kwa ndalama kumalepheretsa zoyesayesa kupanga mabungwe ndi kusungitsa antchito oyenerera.

Kugwirizana ndi Kukwaniritsa Zopinga

Opereka ndalama zambiri nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito m’dziko limodzi mopanda mgwirizano, zomwe zingapangitse kuti anthu azifanana kapena kuti azikhala ndi mavuto. Maboma angavutike kugwirizanitsa zofunika zopereka ndi zofunika za dziko. M’mayiko ofooka, zinthu zowonongeka ndiponso ziphuphu zingapangitse kuti zinthu zisakhale ndi zolinga. Mabungwe othandizira anthu ayesa kukambirana zimenezi mwa “ndalama zoikidwa ndi mapulogalamu ogwirizana, koma kupita patsogolo kumakhala kosagwirizana.

Kuchepetsa Mavuto

Kupenda mwamphamvu GBV kuli kovuta chifukwa cha nkhaŵa za makhalidwe, kusimbidwa, ndi nthaŵi yaitali pakati pa kusintha kwa maprogramu ndi makhalidwe. Maprojekiti ambiri alibe bajeti kapena luso la kuchita ziyeso zolamuliridwa mwangozi. Monga chotulukapo, pali umboni wochepa wa zimene zimagwira ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana. Chithandizo chachilendo chikuphatikiza ndalama zothandizira kupenda zofunika, koma kukwaniritsa kumakhala kovuta.

Malangizo Amtsogolo: Kuthandiza Anthu Ovutika ndi Odalirika

Kuti chithandizo cha kumaiko ena chichepetsedwe, pafunikira kusinthana kwa zinthu zambiri.

Kukhala Mwini Nyumba ndi Ukulu wa Kum’dzikolo Kumalimbitsa

Kusungika kumafuna kuti anthu ndi maboma a dziko azitsogolera. Aid iyenera kukhazikitsa zomangirira magulu a akazi akumaloko, amene kaŵirikaŵiri ali ndi chidaliro chachikulu ndi chidziŵitso cha mawu. “Makampani a akazi ochirikiza”, ochirikizidwa ndi opereka ndalama monga Global Fund for Akazi, amagogomezera kuti ndalama zoperekedwa kwa magulu a udzu zaka zambiri. Kufufuza kumasonyeza kuti njira zoyendera za kumaloko zimakhala zolimba kwambiri ndipo zingapitirizebe pambuyo potha ndalama.

Kuzembera Kwa Ampatuko

Kuletsa GBV sikungapambane m'kudzipatula. Kuchotsa chiwawa ku thanzi, maphunziro, kupita patsogolo kwa zachuma, ndi kuthandizira anthu kuchepetsa ziyambukiro ndi kuchepetsa ndalama. Mwachitsanzo, programu ya World Bank “ID4D” imaphatikizapo makonzedwe oletsa GBV yogwirizana ndi zikalata zodziŵika, pamene maprogramu aumoyo oonera HIV kaŵirikaŵiri amaphatikizapo chiwawa. Chithandizo chamtsogolo chiyenera kutchuka pa kukwera kwa ndalama.

Luso la Zaluso ndi Kusintha

Zida zamakono zimapereka njira zatsopano zotetezera ndi kuyankha, kuyambira pa mapulatifomu oyendera ndi kupima ngozi za AIPALOUME. Komabe, zipangizo zamakono ziyenera kukonzedwa mosamala kuti zisamayambitse njira zatsopano zogwiririra ntchito chipongwe, monga kuonera zolaula kapena kubwezera. Maprogramu a chithandizo ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito luso lakudziwitsa ndi kuteteza chinsinsi.

Kugwirizana ndi Anthu

Maprogramu amene amagwira ntchito ndi amuna ndi anyamata kuwongolera umuna wabwino ndi kukana chiwawa ali ena mwa mapangano odalirika kwambiri. Kuchulukitsa maumboni ozikidwa monga “Uchimuna 2.0” ndi “Munthu mmodzi angafikire anthu ambiri. Thandizo la maiko akunja liyenera kupitirizabe kuchirikiza kuloŵerera kumeneku pamene akutsimikizira kuti iwo sachotsa chuma chawo ku mautumiki a opulumuka.

Chifuniro cha Ndale ndi Chifuniro Chawo

Chithandizo chachilendo chimagwira ntchito kwambiri pogwirizana ndi malamulo a dziko ndi kudzipereka kwa ndale. Othandiza angalimbitse mphamvu yawo kulimbikitsa maboma kutengera ndi kusungitsa makonzedwe a dziko pa GBV. Kuthandiza kuti apite patsogolo pa zizindikiro za mwamuna ndi mkazi, monga momwe amachitira anthu ena a ku Ulaya, kumachititsa kuŵerengera mlandu. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, chithandizo chiyenera kupeŵa mikhalidwe imene imafooketsa ulamuliro wa dziko kapena kutsogolera ku kugonjera kwachiphamaso.

Kumaliza

Chithandizo cha maiko ena chapangitsa kusiyana kwakukulu m'kuchepetsa chiwawa cha amuna ndi akazi osoŵa pokhala m'madera osoŵa m'dziko. Mwa kusintha kwalamulo, mautumiki opulumuka, maphunziro a anthu, ndi kuloŵerera kwa zachuma, chithandizo chathandiza kupulumutsa miyoyo, kubwezeretsa ulemu, ndi malamulo osinthasintha. Komabe ukulu wa vutolo udakali waukulu, ndipo ndalama zothandizira zidakali kutali ndi zokwanira. Umboni umasonyeza kuti kuikidwa, kukhazikika, ndi maprogramu okhala ndi malowo kungabweretsetse kutsika kwachikhalire kwa chiwawa. Kupitirizabe kwa bizinesi ya ndalama ndi kudzipereka kwa kuphunzira, kuzoloŵera, ndi kubwezera mlandu wofunika kumanga dziko kumene akazi onse ndi atsikana angakhale ndi moyo wopanda mantha ndi chiwawa.