Chithandizo cha mayiko ena chakhala ndi mbali yaikulu m'kukonza madongosolo a anthu ndi makampani audzu padziko lonse. Pamene kuli kwakuti cholinga chake chachikulu ndicho kupita patsogolo kwa zachuma kapena thanzi la masoka, chiyambukiro chake pa pangano la boma nchachikulu ndi chamitundu yambiri. M’zaka makumi ambiri, opereka ndalama padziko lonse atumiza maprogramu mabiliyoni a maprogramu a makampani olinganizidwa kulimbitsa mabungwe a anthu osakhala a boma (Mgwirizano), magulu a anthu, ndi madongosolo a anthu. Chichirikizo chimenechi chathandiza nzika kulinganiza, kufuna kuyankha mlandu, ndi kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu m'malo akuti akwane. Komabe, unansi pakati pa chithandizo cha anthu akunja ndi anthu ndi anthu adzikoloweradi kuti anthu asakhale ndi mikangano. Otsutsa anenetsalira chithandizowo, kusokoneza malo a m’malo awo, kapena kulimbikitsa mphamvu zawo. Nkhaniyi imayesa kuyesa kulimbikitsa njira zaudzutsa udzu ndi kulimbikitsa njira zachi, ngakhale kuyesa kuyesa kuyesa kuyesa kulimbikitsa mavuto.

Kufotokoza Chigwirizano cha Chiŵeniŵeni ndi Magulu Oyendetsa Magetsi

Chigawo cha anthu chimaphatikizapo moyo wolinganiza wa anthu umene uli wodzifunira, wodziimira, ndi wodziimira okha ku boma ndi kumsika. Chimaphatikizapo akanema ambiri: olembetsa NGOS, mabungwe ogwirizana ndi chitaganya, mayunivesiti a malonda, magulu ogwirizana ndi chikhulupiriro, mayanjano aukatswiri, ndi madongosolo amwayi. Anthu a m'dziko amatumikira monga otsutsa anthu pakati pa nzika ndi boma, kupereka njira zoloŵeramo mbali, kulowa m'gulu la anthu, ndi kutumiza ntchito. Anthu akhamake kaŵirikaŵiri amaonedwa kukhala chizindikiro cha democracyism yauthodoma yatha, pamene akupereka malo a kuyang'anira boma, ndi kupititsa patsogolo kwa anthu.

Grassroots, gulu laling'ono la anthu a m’chitaganya, ndizo njira zoyendera zimene zimachokera pansi pa . Iwo amatchula kwambiri zinthu zina za m’deralo . Zonga ufulu wa dziko, kuwonongeka kwa malo, kusalingana kwa malo, kapena nkhanza za apolisi . Ndi kudalira pa ntchito zachigwirizano m’malo mwa njira zachikhalidwe. Nthaŵi zambiri makampani a makampani amakhala madzi ambiri ndi zigaŵenga zochepa kwambiri kuposa zimene zakhazikitsidwa ndi NGO, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo kwa antchito odzifunira, atsogoleri a kumaloko, ndi kugaŵana. Iwo angakulikire m'magulu a anthu okhoza kugonjetsa maboma kapena kubwezera malamulo a dziko, monga momwe kuonera m'kanthano za dziko lonse. Kumvetsa zimenezi nkofunika kwambiri chifukwa cha kupenda mmene chithandizo cha anthu akunja ndi moyo: Kuthandizanandana ndi kuchirikiza mphamvu zaudzu, kuchuluka kwaunjika kwaunyinyinyinyi.

Ntchito Yakale ya Chithandizo cha Mayiko Ena Popita Patsogolo Anthu a M’dzikolo

Chithandizo cha maiko ena chasintha kwambiri kuyambira pakati pa zaka za zana la 20. Mkati mwa Nkhondo ya Mawu, opereka a Kumadzulo kaŵirikaŵiri anagwiritsira ntchito chithandizo kupititsa patsogolo zigwirizano za demokrase ndi kutsutsa Soviet, kupereka ndalama ku maukwati a antchito, manyuzi, ndi magulu a anthu a ufulu ku Eastern Europe ndi Latin America. Magulu onga Democracy ya Democracy (ADERAGES) ndi United States Agency for International Development (USD) molunjidwa ndi kuchirikiza anthu monga otetezera ulamuliro wa a authoristism.

Mu 1990 ndi 2000, kukwera kwa makampani opanga madesiki kwa bungwe la Relibralgian adagogomezera ntchito ya chitaganya cha anthu popereka ntchito . Kuthandiza thanzi, maphunziro, ndi ubwino wa NJO. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, kuikidwa pa mpando wa democracy mu Africa, Asia, ndi kale Soviet Union kunayang'anira chithandizo chachilendo pa mayeso, kuletsa zigaŵenga, ndi chithandizo chalamulo. United Nations ndi World Bank [FL:0] mwachangu inachirikiza kukonza zinthu zapadera , kufunitsa kukambirana kwa madera aakulu. Nyengo zimenezi zinaonanso kuwonjezeka kwa mayiko a mitundu yonse (GOGO) omwe anasokoneza ndalama za anthu a m'deralo, kukhazikitsa magulu a anthu odalirana.

Posachedwapa, anthu ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira zothandizira kuti zinthu zithe kusintha, kuchitika mwachilungamo, ndiponso kuti zikhale ndi makompyuta. Anthu amene amapanga mapulogalamu a pa Intaneti amathandiza kuti anthu azikhala ndi moyo wabwino, azitha kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono, komanso kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono pothandiza anthu amene akudwala matenda monga Ebola kapena Chovid.

Makina Othandiza: Mmene Chithandizo cha Kunja Chimalimbitsira nzika za M’dzikolo

Njira zimenezi si zofanana ndipo nthawi zambiri zimathandiza kuti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina.

Kupeza Ndalama ndi Kusamalira Ndalama

Malo operekera ndalama, pulogalamu ya zachuma, ndi maselo ang'onoang'ono amathandiza kwambiri mabungwe ambiri a boma. M'mayiko amene amalandira ndalama zochepa, chithandizo cha m’nyumba n’chochepa, chitha kulipira antchito, ndi ndalama zowonongedwa ndi ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, Global Fund Fund for Dest Earth, TB ndi Malariya yathandiza mabiliyoni ambiri ku magulu a zaumoyo ogwirizana ndi chitaganya, kuwatheketsa iwo kupereka mautumiki ndi kuchirikiza odwala. Komabe, kudalira pa ndandanda yanthaŵi yochepa ya ntchito kungafooketse kukhazikika; mabungwe angavutike kusunga ndalama kapena kulinganiza njira zanthaŵi yaitali pamene ndalama za chithandizo sizikudziŵika.

Kumanga ndi Kuphunzitsa Anthu Omanga Nyumba

Maprogramu ambiri a chithandizo amaphatikizapo chithandizo chaluso, kutsogolera, ndi maphunziro a gulu. Ochirikiza za kuderalo amaphunzira kulemba mmene angaperekere zopereka, kuyang'anira ndalama, kuyang'anira ntchito ndi kupenda ntchito, ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zipangizo za magetsi kuti apeze ndalama. Opereka zinthu zamakono kaŵirikaŵiri amathandizira ndi masukulu a m'madera osiyanasiyana kuyendetsa ntchito za malamulo a ufulu wa anthu, maluso a kulankhulana, ndi kulankhulana kwapadera. Makishona otero angasinthe magulu amwaŵiro kukhala mabungwe okhoza kusonkhezera malamulo a m’dziko pamlingo waukulu.

Kumanga Malo Ochezera a Pa Intaneti ndi Zomangamanga Zokhalamo Zochuluka

Chithandizo chakunja chingathandize kugwirizana pakati pa magulu a anthu ndi mabungwe apadziko lonse. Msonkhano, mapulogalamu osinthana, ndi mapulatifomu a pa Intaneti amalola anthu omenyera udzu kuti azithandizana njira, kumanga mgwirizano, ndi kuwonjezera mawu awo. Mwachitsanzo, CIVIUS World Alliance for Citizen Protition imagwirizanitsa mabungwe a anthu padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo amathandizidwa ndi ndalama zothandizira. Mabungwewa amathandiza kuti magulu a m'deralo apeze njira zopangira zosankha, monga mapangano a nyengo a United Nations kapena bungwe la World Social Forum.

Kuphunzitsa ndi Kuchirikiza Mwalamulo

Opereka ndalama kaŵirikaŵiri amathandizira ndandanda ya malamulo, maphunziro a palalegal, ndi malo ochitirako chidwi a anthu omwe amatheketsa anthu otsika kuchirikiza ufulu wawo. M'maiko okhala ndi malamulo opereŵera, chithandizo chachilendo chingachirikize malo ochitirapo malonda, kuyang'anira malo, ndi kutsutsa kusokonezeka kwa malo. Mphamvu za lamulo zimapatsa ziwiya zaudzu zopinga kutsutsa kuchotsedwa koletsedwa, nkhanza za apolisi, kapena kudyerera kampani. Njira imeneyi njamphamvu makamaka chifukwa chakuti imapanga mawu a chitaganya ndi kuyambitsa zitsanzo kaamba ka kachitidwe ka mtsogolo.

Zipangizo zamakono

Panyengo ya makompyuta, chithandizo chakunja chikuwonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito luso la boma. Adokotala amasunga mapulogalamu otsegula ndidata, mapulogalamu a m'magalimoto ovomerezeka kuti alembetse mavoti, ndi zipangizo za makampani othandiza anthu kuyang'anira kuonekera kwa boma. Open Society Foundations , mwachitsanzo, athandiza magulu a ufulu wa pa Intaneti amene amateteza ufulu wa anthu ndi kuteteza ofufuza. Zipangizo zamakono zingapangitse kutulukira chidziŵitso, komanso zimawonjezeranso nkhaŵa za makompyuta ndi makompyuta amene ayenera kuyendera mosamala kwambiri.

Kufufuza za Matenda: Kuthandiza Ena

Zitsanzo zotsatirazi zikusonyeza mmene thandizo lachilendo lakhudzira anthu ndi kugwedeza udzu m’makontinenti osiyanasiyana ndi m’nkhani zosiyanasiyana.

Gulu la Ufulu wa Dziko la Kenya

Ziyeneretso za dziko ku Kenya zakhala chiyambi cha nkhondo, ndi kupanda chilungamo kwa atsamunda ophatikizapo ziphuphu ndi malo osaloledwa ogwidwa. Magulu ogwirizana ndi maiko akunja, kuphatikizapo aja ochirikizidwa ndi World Bank’s Land Geverliance Program ndi Ford Foundation, anapereka chithandizo chalamulo, zopanga zaluso, ndi kulinganiza maphunziro a magulu a a boma. Zotsatira zake zinali kuukira kwachipambano ndi milandu zimene zinatetezera midzi ya anthu akwawo ku kuchotsedwa m'malo onga Mau Forest ndi Tana River Deltal. Monga momwe kwatchulira m'nkhani yoyamba, zoyesayesa zimenezi zinapatsa nzika zolimbikitsa anthu onse aŵiri oyendetsa ntchito ndi akuluakulu a boma kuŵerengera mlandu kwa onsewo.

Mmene Nyengo ya ku Bangladesh Imayendera

Bangladesh ndi limodzi la maiko otetezereka kwambiri ndi nyengo m’dziko, okhala ndi mamiliyoni okhala m'madera a kufupi ndi gombe. Thandizo lamitundu yonse kuchokera ku magulu onga Dematiki ndi opereka motsatira malamulo athandiza kuyendetsa magulu a achichepere oyenda ndi ntchito zothandiza. Magulu ameneŵa amalinganiza magalimoto a mitengo, amamanga nyumba, ndi kuchita machitachita machitachita ozindikira pa chimphepo chokonzekera. Chofunika kwambiri, iwo achititsa boma kuphatikizapo chilungamo m'dziko lonse ndi kugaŵira ndalama kaamba ka kusintha kwa chitaganya. Kuloŵerera kwa achichepere kwachititsa kuti gululo likhale lolimba, kusonyeza kuti likhoza kumanga nyumba, kuchititsa kugwirizanitsako.

Mkupiti wa Ufulu Wachibadwidwe wa ku Latin America

M'maiko onga Colombia, Guatemala, ndi Mexico, chithandizo chachilendo chachirikiza mabungwe a ufulu wachibadwidwe amene amatsimikizira kutha, kuphana kwa owonjezereka, ndi ziphuphu. European Union ndi Ofesi ya Ufulu wa Anthu yachirikiza makhonsati a choonadi, magulu a anthrop, ndi magulu ochirikiza migwirizano ya anthu ovutika. Zoyesayesa zimenezi zathandiza mabanja a kusoŵa kwa mlandu, kugaŵira umboni wa mabwalo, ndi kuyambitsa ntchito zosungira chikumbutso zimene zimaletsa mbiri yakale kuisia. M’nkhani iliyonse, chithandizo sichinali kokha ndalama zobwereketsa ndi kutetezera anthu ogwira ntchito m'malo angozi.

Makina Oletsa Kudwala Kuchokera ku Eastern Europe

Soviet Union itatha, chithandizo chachilendo chinaperekedwa ku chigawo cha anthu ku Central ndi Eastern Europe kuti chichirikize kusintha kwa demokrase. Ku Romania ndi Slovakia, USAID ndi Open Society Foundations zinachirikiza malo a madanga a kufufuza, oletsa kuwonongeka kwa NGO, ndi ma pulatifomu omanga pamodzi. Mabungwe ameneŵa anavumbula kusokonezeka kwapamwamba ndi kukakamizidwa kwa mapwirikiti a milandu, kuchita mbali yaikulu m'mikhalidwe yokulitsa ya Yuropu Union. Pamene kuli kwakuti ena mwa magulu ameneŵa ayang'anizana ndi ndale yandale ndi kuchepa kwa malo akunja, zopereka zawo zoyambirira zimasonyeza mmene anthu okhudzidwa ndi kuikidwa m'malo oyang'anira.

Mavuto ndi Kusuliza Chithandizo cha Kunja kwa Chiŵeniŵeni

Ngakhale kuti zinthu zayenda bwino chonchi, anthu ambiri amavutika akawagwiritsa ntchito kuti athandize anthu a m’mayiko ena komanso kuti azitha kuyendetsa mizu yawo.

Kudalirana Ndiponso Kusadalirana

Pamene mabungwe akumaloko adalira kwambiri ndalama zakunja, angavutike kupulumuka pamene ndalama za ndalama zitha. Zimenezi zimapanga chodabwitsa: chithandizo choyamba chimapatsa magulu mphamvu, koma chingawasiye kukhala osavuta kuwona zinthu zofunika kwambiri zoyamba. Nthaŵi zina, NGO zimene zimalephera kuwonjezera ndalama zimene zimachokera, kusiya anthu opanda thandizo. Ndiponso, kufunafuna nthaŵi zonse kaamba ka chithandizo kungasokonezetse kulinganiza kwa udzu, pamene magulu akuthera nthaŵi yambiri kulongosola za kulemba kuposa kukulitsa ziŵalo za kumaloko.

Amisinkhu Yopereka Ndalama

Chithandizo cha kumayiko ena chimasonyeza chidwi cha dziko ndi mfundo zimene anthu a m'mayiko opereka zinthu amakonda. Pulogalamu ya democracy ya United States ikhoza kukhazikitsa mfundo zotsutsa a kampani kapena anthu amalonda, pamene munthu wa ku Ulaya angagogomezere ufulu wa anthu kapena kufanana kwa amuna. Ngati mapangano amenewa sagwirizana ndi zofuna za anthu a m’dzikolo, chithandizo chingasokoneze njira ya anthu. Mwachitsanzo, ndalama zimene zimathandizira anthu okhala m’tauni zikhoza kuchirikiza akatswiri a za m’madera akumidzi, magulu amwayi, kulimbikitsa kusalingana komwe kulipo. Magulu a Grasroot omwe sagwirizana ndi mfundo za kuchuluka kwa anthu opereka zinthu. Ngati magulu oweruza milandu ya nyengo kapena otsutsa kutsutsana ndi nyengo.

Kuŵerengera ndi Kuona Bwino

Chithandizo chachilendo kwa anthu sichotetezereka ku ziphuphu kapena kusasamala. M'mayiko ena, akuluakulu a boma amalanda ndalama za NGO, kuzigwiritsa ntchito kuti apeze phindu kapena kuti asunge madongosolo a ochirikiza. Aid angapangenso zisonkhezero zopotoka: magulu anganeneze zopambanira kapena kupanga mavuto kuti akope ndalama. Kuyang'anitsitsa ndi kupenda njira zimene zimagogomezera zotulukapo zoyenerera kaŵirikaŵiri zimalephera kugonjetsa kusintha kwa kakhalidwe, kwa nthaŵi yaitali, kuchititsa maprojekiti achidule a kayendetsedwe ka zinthu.

Kubwererana kwa Ndale ndi Kutha kwa Malo

M'mayiko ambiri, maboma amaona kuti anthu a m’mayiko ena akulimbana ndi ulamuliro wawo. Malamulo oletsa NGO kupereka ndalama kuchokera ku mayiko akunja (m’chitsanzo, “am'alendo” lamulo la Hungary, “Kusiya Soros”) lafalikira kuyambira mu 2010, kukakamiza magulu ambiri kuti asunge kapena kutseka. Ngakhale pamene malamulo sanena tsatanetsatane, olimbikitsa kuthandizidwa ndi mayiko ena angavutidwe, kulangidwa, kapena chiwawa. Zimenezi zikutsimikizira kuti chithandizo chingayambitse zigawe zigawe dala ngozi yaikulu, makamaka ngati opereka chithandizo satsatira chitetezo chokwanira.

Kugwirizana kwa Chikhalidwe ndi Malembo

Machitidwe abwino koposa a m'chigawo china sapita nthaŵi zonse ku china. Opanga angaumirize anthu a kumadzulo a kukopa kapena kukopa / pa madera kumene anthu amavomerezana mwamwaŵi kapena utsogoleri wamwambo amasintha. Kuwonjezera apo, maprogramu othandiza amene amafuna kuti anene m'Chingelezi kapena kutsatira malamulo ovuta a kayendetsedwe ka mabungwe amene alibe antchito aluso. Kuzindikira chikhalidwe ndi kusintha kwa mawu ake nkofunika koma kaŵirikaŵiri n’ngonyalanyaza m'mapulogalamu othandizira.

Machitidwe Abwino Koposa Othandiza ndi Opatsa Chithandizo

Kuti athandizidwe kwambiri ndi anthu a m’mayiko ena ndiponso kuti azitha kuyendetsa udzu, anthu opereka ndi madokotala ayenera kutsatira mfundo zingapo zofunika.

Khalani ndi Malo Aakulu

Maprogramu ayenera kupangidwa ndi anzawo akwanuko, kutsimikizira zolinga, njira, ndi madeti amasonyeza zinthu zofunika m'mudzi mmalo mwa malamulo operekedwa. Kugawana ntchito yopereka mphatso, kumene oimira a chitaganya amakhala pa mabungwe a ndalama, ndiko njira imodzi yotsimikizira. Kukhala ndi eni malowo kumakulitsa chidaliro ndi kutsimikizira kuti chithandizo chimalimbikitsa madongosolo amene alipo mmalo mwa kuchititsa ena kukhala otero.

Kugwirizana kwa Malonda

Zigawo za ntchito zazifupi (zaka zitatu kapena chimodzi) sizingayende bwino chifukwa cha kusintha kwa udzu. Opereka ndalama ayenera kupereka ndalama zaka zambiri ndi zinthu zogwirizana zimene zimalola mabungwe kusinthasintha kwa ndale. Ndalama zothandizira . Chore . Ndalama zotsala zapamwamba ndi malipiro [1] n’zofunika kwambiri chifukwa zimalola magulu kugwiritsa ntchito popanga antchito ndi pokumbukira zinthu.

Kugogomezera Kumanga Koposa Ndalama

Ngakhale kuti ndalama n’zofunika, kumanga luso m’madera monga utsogoleri, kuyendetsa bwino zachuma, ndi njira zoyendetsera ntchito zachinyengo zikhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zokhalitsa. Opereka ndalama ayenera kulipira ndalama zothandizira anthu, kupatsana maphunziro a anzawo, ndi kuwaphunzitsa, osati kungopereka ndalama. Kuphunzitsako kuyenera kukhala koyenera ndi koperekedwa m’zinenero zakumaloko.

Kuteteza Anthu Ochita Zowawa ndi Kulimbikitsa Ubwino Wochita Zinthu

Chithandizo cha mayiko ena chimakhala ndi ngozi. Opereka ndalama zamagetsi, kuchirikizana kwa lamulo, ndi ndalama zangozi ayeneranso kuchirikiza poyera kuti chitaganya chitetezedwe, kugwiritsira ntchito njira zaubwino kubwezera kumbuyo ndi malamulo opondereza. M'nkhani zapamwamba, ndalama zopanda dzina ndi kulankhulana pa Intaneti zingakhale zofunika.

Kuphunzira ndi Kuphunzira Mopambanitsa

Masinthidwe a chipambano ayenera kukopa ponse paŵiri masinthidwe a mlingo ndi a mlingo: kukhala ndi phande m'chitaganya, kusinthasintha m'nkhani yapoyera, kusintha malamulo, ndi kulimbitsa madongosolo. Opereka ndalama ayenera kuchirikiza mapendedwe aumwini ndi kupanga zikalata zoperekera phunziro zimene zimalola maphunziro ku kulephera kwa maprogramu a mtsogolo. Kuphunzira kuchokera ku kulephera kuli kofunika mofanana ndi kukondwerera chipambano.

Kumaliza

Chithandizo chakunja chikhoza kulimbikitsa kwambiri anthu ndi magulu a anthu, kulimbikitsa ntchito yothandiza anthu ndiponso yogwirizana ndi nzika. Pamene agwiritsidwa ntchito moganizira za kukhala ndi anthu akwawo, kudzipereka kwa nthaŵi yaitali, ndi kugwirizana kwenikweni . Kukhoza kupatsa anthu mphamvu kuti ayambe kusintha, kulimbikitsa madongosolo a demokrase, ndi kumanga madera ena. Komabe mbiri ya zamalonda ya anthu opereka zinthu, ndi yogwirizana ndi zandale imakhala yoopsa. Chithandizo chothandiza kwambiri sichimayang'anira anthu monga chipangizo chakunja koma monga malo a moyo amene ayenera kusungidwa pambali yake. Monga kusintha kwa nyengo, kusalingana, ndi kusokonezeka kwa democracy, mbali ya chithandizo cha maiko ochirikiza udzu ikula m'kakulira. Kuyesa kwenikweni sikungayendetseketsedwe ndi kumbuyo kwa madera akunja, kutsogolera kwa madera akumalo a m’malo amodzi.