Kutenga Nawo Mbali Monga Mphuthu ya Ulamuliro Wademokrase

Kutengamo mbali kwa Voter kumaonedwa mofala kukhala muyezo waukulu wa thanzi la democracy. Pamene nzika ziponya mapepala, sizimangosankha atsogoleri awo komanso zimasonyeza kuyenera kwa dongosolo la ndale zadziko. Kutsika, kukhoza kufooketsa chidaliro m'mabungwe ndi malamulo a ziyambukiro za zikondwerero zochepera. Kwa aphunzitsi, ophunzira, ndi atsogoleri a boma, kuzindikira chiyambukiro cha mbali zambiri za kugawana kuli kofunika kulimbikitsa madongosolo a demokrase pamlingo uliwonse.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza zinthu zimene zimasonkhezera wovotayo, zotsatirapo za kutenga nawo mbali (kapena kusoŵa kwake), zopinga zosalekeza zimene zimasunga osankha oyenerera pa mavotiwo, ndi njira zimene zingalimbikitse pangano la ukwati.

Kufotokoza Kutengamo Mbali kwa Gawo ndi Kuchuluka Kwake

Voter, wodziŵikanso monga wovota, amayesedwa monga chigawo cha chiŵerengero cha anthu ovota (VAP) kapena kuvota kokhoza kugaŵiridwa (VEP) kumene kumaponya pepala losankhidwiratu. Milingo imeneyi imalola ofufuza kuyerekezera kukhala ndi phande m'maiko onse, m'kupita kwa nthaŵi, ndi pakati pa magulu a anthu. Pamene kuli kwakuti kukwera kwa madera kumachitidwa kaŵirikaŵiri, mtundu wa kutengamo mbali [1] monga kuvota ndi kutsutsa kodziŵidwa kwa mabodza.

Malinga ndi chidziŵitso chochokera ku Internationalpotein Institute for Democracy and Electoral Arective (IDEA) , wovota wa dziko lonse m'masankho a pulezidenti ndi a boma wakhala wocheperapo pa zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mitundu. Kumvetsetsa zimenezi kumathandizira kuzindikira kumene pangano la demokrase likufooketsa ndi kumene kuloŵerera kukufunikira kwambiri.

Kupimira: VAP vs. VAP

Chiŵerengero cha anthu osankhidwa chimaphatikizapo munthu aliyense wa zaka 18, mosasamala kanthu za zopinga za lamulo kapena za kulephera. Komabe, chiŵerengero cha anthu osankhidwa sichimasiya anthu osaŵerengeka, anthu okhala ndi zikhumbo zolakwika (m'zigawo zimene zimawachotsera iwo), ndi awo amene amaonedwa kukhala osakhazikika. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mu United States, Census Bureau , lipoti lakuti wovota m'masankho a pulezidenti wasintha pakati pa 50% ndi 67% ya VAP chiyambire 1960, ndi kuwonjezereka kwakukulu kufika pa 66.8% mu 2020. Kufalikira kumeneko mwa kuwonjezera kwa ndale zadziko, kufutukulidwa kwa mapepala osankha, ndi zoyesayesa zazikulu za kukonza zinthu zomwe sizimakhazikika koma zingasinthe mwamsanga kuyankha ku masinthidwe ndi masinthidwe a za chikhalidwe.

Zinthu Zimene Zimasintha M’maganizo

Kumvetsa mfundo zimenezi kumathandiza kumvetsa chifukwa chake magulu ena amatchulidwa mopitirira muyezo pa kafukufukuyo pamene ena sapezekapo.

Zaka ndi Kusintha kwa Zinthu

Nyengo imagwirizana mosalekeza ndi kugalukira: ovota achikulire, makamaka awo a zaka 65 ndi kuposerapo, amavota pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri kuposa ovota achichepere. M'chosankha cha 2020 cha U.S., nzika za zaka 65-74 zinali ndi 76.0% yogaŵidwa ndi 76.0%, poyerekezera ndi 51.3% ya zaka 18-24. Mpata umenewu ukupitirizabe pa mademokrasethi ambiri ndipo ukuchititsidwa ndi zinthu zonga kukhazikika kwa moyo, kupangidwa kwa chizoloŵezi, ndi zolingalira za malamulo onga Social Security ndi Media. Zoyesayesa za kutumiza achichepere pa kulembetsa kolembetsa, manyuzipepala, ndi kutsika kwa kuvotera kwa zaka 16 m'makalata ena akumene amatchula zakwawo kwa anthu akusonyeza zotulukapo zabwino koma zopindulitsa.

Kupeza Maphunziro

Maphunziro ndi chimodzi cha zizindikiro zowopsa za wovota. Anthu okhala ndi digiri ya koleji ali othekera kwambiri kuvota kuposa awo okhala ndi dipuloma ya sekondale kapena ochepera. Maphunziro amakulitsa maluso a zandale, ndi kukulitsa lingaliro la ntchito ya boma. Mu 2020, bungwe la U.S. Census Bureaution linapeza kuti 78.5% ya nzika za digiri yapamwamba kapena yovota, poyerekezera ndi 54.2% ya awo amene ali ndi maphunziro apamwamba. Zimenezi zimadzutsa mafunso ofunika ponena za equity, monga maphunziro kaŵirikaŵiri ogaŵana ndi fuko ndi ndalama.

Malo a Kakhalidwe ka Zachuma

Sociotic state (SS) yoyesedwa ndi ndalama, chuma, ndi ntchito . Anthu olemera samangoyang'anizana ndi zopinga zochepa za kuntchito (m’chitsanzo, kupuma pantchito, kuteteza zoyendera) komanso kukumana mwachindunji ndi magulu a anthu ovutika ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu. Kupenda kochitidwa ndi [FLT: 0] Kufufuza kwachitukuko [[FLT: 1] kunapeza kuti ku United States, Covota mu ndalama zambiri zoyendera) kutembenuka pamiyeso pafupifupi 20 peresenti kuposa ya magalamu a a apamwamba. Kachitidwe kameneka kangatsogolere ku malamulo opindulitsa olemera, kowonjezerekanso, kuwonjezera kusiyana kwa kusiyana kwa chuma.

Kugwirizana pa Zandale ndi Malo Ochezera a Anthu

Kugwirizana kwa zamaganizo . monga ngati kufunitsitsa ndale zadziko, kukhulupirira mphamvu ya kuvota, ndi lingaliro la ntchito ya boma imaneneratu mwamphamvu kukhala ndi phande. Anthu amene amakambitsirana za ndale zadziko mobwerezabwereza, kupezeka pamisonkhano ya anthu, kapena kutsatira nkhani za m'nkhani ali othekera kwambiri kuvota. Mabungwe a mayanjano amachitanso mbali yaikulu: pamene mabwenzi, banja, kapena antchito anzawo asankha, munthu amakhala wothekera kwambiri kuchita zimenezo. Chochitika chimenechi chimadziŵika monga chisonkhezero cha mayanjano, ndipo chingagwiritsiridwe ntchito mwa njira zonga ngati mavoti a onse kapena kuchirikiza zikalata za boma.

Zotulukapo za Kutengamo Mbali (ndi Kusakhala ndi Mbali)

Wovota wamkulu samapereka chitsimikizo cha kulamulira kwabwino, koma amapanga mikhalidwe imene imawongolera kuimira ndi kudziŵerengera mlandu.

Kuimira Malamulo a Boma

Pamene kutembenuka kuli kochepa, osankha amene amavota amakhala achikulire, olemera, ndi onkitsa kwambiri kuposa anthu onse. Monga chotulukapo, akuluakulu osankhidwa angapereke ku chigawo chochepa chimenechi cha osankhidwa mmalo mwa zikondwerero za anthu ambiri. Kutembenuka kwakukulu, mosiyana, okakamiza ofunsira kukhazikitsa gulu la osankha. Kuphatikizapo achichepere, osauka, ndi apamwamba . . Maboma osankhidwa ndi kugawanako kumakhalanso ndi ufulu waukulu ndipo samayang'anizana ndi kutsutsa kapena kutsutsa ulamuliro wawo.

Kusintha Zinthu ndi Malo Osungira Zinthu

Kufufuza kwasonyeza mosalekeza kuti kukwera kwa ofufuza kumachititsa mapangano owonjezereka opita patsogolo, kuphatikizapo kuwonongera ndalama zambiri pa mautumiki a zachikhalidwe, maphunziro, ndi maziko a zinthu. Mwachitsanzo, kufufuza kochitidwa ndi National Bureau of Economic Research [ kunapeza kuti magawo okhala ndi wovota wochuluka mu United States amalandira ndalama zambiri zoperekedwa ndi boma pa munthu aliyense. Mofananamo, maiko okhala ndi chisankho chokakamiza [1] ndipo chotero pafupifupi onse amatengamo mbali yaikulu ya GDP pa zinthu za anthu monga kusamala zaumoyo ndi penshoni.

Ngozi ya Kugwidwa ndi Elite

Kutsika kwa tchuthi kumatsegulira khomo kwa ogwidwa apamwamba, kumene magulu achiwongola dzanja olinganizidwa bwino, onga ngati makampani, ochirikiza, kapena ochirikiza amodzi , amasonkhezera kwambiri andale zadziko. M'maiko kumene wovota ali kale wotsika, magulu ameneŵa angapereke malamulo popanda kufunikira kuchilikiza anthu ambiri. Zimenezi zingatsogolere ku malamulo amene amayanja zikondwerero zochepera, monga ngati kuswa msonkho kwa olemera kapena makampani, pamene akunyalanyaza zosoŵa za anthu ambiri.

Zolepheretsa Kufalitsa

Ngakhale kuti anthu oyenera amazindikira kufunika kochita nawo ntchitoyi, anthu ambiri oyenera kuvota amakumana ndi mavuto amene amawalepheretsa kuponya chikalata chofufuzira.

Zopinga Zothandiza Kuti Zinthu Zizipezeka

Kupezeka kwa zinthu ndi nkhani yofunika kwambiri. Malo oonera, nthawi zoyembekezera, ndi kusoŵa kwa zoyendera za anthu onse zimakhudza kwambiri ndalama zochepa zimene amapeza ndi anthu a kumidzi. M'mayiko ambiri a ku United States, kudikira maola ambiri pa Tsiku la Chisankho n’kofala m'madera ambiri a anthu ochepa, zimene zingaletse anthu kuvota pa zochitika zotsatira. Kuwonjezera apo, anthu amene ali ndi vutoli amakumana ndi malo amene anthu ambiri alibe ndalama zosindikiza, kapena omasulira mabuku ambiri, kapena ogwiritsa ntchito masaini, omwe amaphwanya malamulo a anthu a ku America ndi ntchito yopunduka.

Malamulo Ofotokoza Zinthu

Malamulo a voti enieni, amene aikidwa m'maiko ambiri, amafuna ovota kupereka tchati cha chithunzi cha boma pa mavotiwo. Ochirikiza amatsutsa kuti malamulo ameneŵa amaletsa chinyengo, koma kufufuza kumasonyeza kuti chinyengo chotero nchosapezeka. Osuliza amanena kuti mamiliyoni a oyenera kuvota , anthu ochepa, ndi okalamba . Kulephera kudziŵika. Kufufuza kofunikira ndi Brenan Center ya Woweruza [ akuyerekezera kuti mamiliyoni ambiri a anthu oyenerera kuvota / oyenererawo , samakhala ndi anthu amakono, boma-uissu, ndi kuti mtolo wa kupezera munthu mmodzi wopereŵeruka.

Kusadziŵa Zinthu Molakwika Ndiponso Kusamvana

Kufalikira kwa chidziŵitso chonyenga ponena za njira zovota, ofunsira, ndi chisungiko cha masankho kungasokoneze nzika ndi kuwaletsa kuvota. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, ndawala zochotsa mawu achilendo ndi apanyumba / zakhala zikuyang'anira anthu osakhala a dzikolo ndi mawu onama ponena za kuvota, mabokosi oponya mapepala, ndi kulembetsa kwa nthaŵi zolembetsa. Zoyesayesa zimenezi zimagwiritsira ntchito kusakhulupirirana kumene kulipo m'mabungwe ndipo zingachepetse kusakanitsidwa kwa magulu a anthu osoŵa chitetezo. Kulimbana ndi kuchotsa mawu kumafuna zosonkhezera kuchokera ku masiteji ya manyuzipepala, nyuzikunyuzi, ndi aphunzitsi a za boma.

Kusalabadira ndi Kusuliza kwa Ndale

Ngakhale pamene zopinga zachotsedwa, osankha ambiri oyenerera saganiza kuti kuvota kwawo kudzapanga kusiyana. Kulingalira kumeneku kwa kupanda pake kwa ndale zadziko . kapena kusasamala kwa anthu kwazikidwa pa malingaliro akuti andale zadziko ali oipa, kuti dongosolo la osankhidwawo nlokhoma, kapena kuti osankhidwawo sangapambane. M'mademokrase okhazikitsidwa, kukhulupirira boma kwakhala kukuchepa kwa zaka makumi ambiri, makamaka kuchititsa kutengamo mbali kochepa, makamaka kwa achichepere. Kubwezeretsa lingaliro la kupambana kumafuna maphunziro abwino a boma komanso umboni wotsimikizirika wakuti kuvota sikumasintha.

Zochita Zowonjezera Ntchito

Kulimbitsa wovotayo kumafuna njira yowonjezereka imene imakhudza ponse paŵiri zopinga ndi zisonkhezero. Mayiko ambiri apanga masinthidwe amene amawonjezera kukhazikika popanda kulolera kutetezeka.

Maphunziro a Mitengo M’masukulu ndi m’Midzi

Maphunziro oyambirira ndi okhazikika a boma angapange kuvota ndi kumanga zizoloŵezi za moyo wonse. Programu zimene zimatsanzira masankho, kuphunzitsa kulemba ndi kulemba ndi kugwirizanitsa ophunzira ndi akuluakulu a boma asonyezedwa kuti awonjezera kutembenuka pambuyo pake m'moyo. Mwachitsanzo, Nkhalabi ya Information & Research on Civic Learning and Beginement . [CIRT )] Pa yunivesite ya Tufts [1] pa Tufts University akupereka zinthu zothandizira aphunzitsi kufunsira kulowa m'kalasi. Mofananamo, maseminai a pulogalamu a kampani yovomerezetsa kulembetsa, mapulogalamu ofufuza, ndi mmene ofufuza angathandizire achikulire amene sanavomere.

Kuthandiza Ena

Kupeputsa ntchito ya voti . Mwa kuvota koyamba, mapepala olembera makalata, kulembetsa tsiku limodzi, ndi kuvota thayiki . Oregon, Colorado, ndi Washington, zimene zikuchititsa masankho onse, onerani kuchuluka kwa anthu amene amasankhidwa pa avareji ya dziko lonse. Ovoti ya magetsi, kumene anthu amalembetsedwa ndi bungwe la boma (monga DMV), kwatsimikiziranso kuti n’kothandiza: kuwonjezera mamiliyoni ambiri a anthu ovomerezeka pa zaka zingapo.

Kukumana ndi Anthu Ochita Chipwirikiti Ndiponso Kutengera Khalidwe la Anzanu

Pamene mabwenzi, banja, kapena anansi alimbikitsa munthu wina kuvota, zotsatirapo zingakhale zamphamvu. Mabungwe onga Voter Pavention Center amagwiritsira ntchito madendensi a zinthu zolembedwa mwaumwini kutumiza zikumbutso kupyolera mwa makalata, foni, kapena meseji. Kuwonjezerapo, "Kutulutsa chivoti" (GOTV) kuyang'ana khomo loloŵera kapena ku mabanki a telefoni / asonyezedwa kuwonjezera kutembenuza ndi 3-8 peresenti. Njira zimenezi zimagwira ntchito chifukwa chakuti zimagwira ntchito m'malamulo: anthu amafuna kukwaniritsa zimene akuyembekezera.

Luso la Umisiri ndi Tsogolo la Kutulutsa Mafuta

Ngakhale kuti zipangizo zamakono zikhoza kulembetsa zinthu zambiri, zimabweretsanso mavuto ena monga kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono, kuyang’anira zinthu, kuonetsetsa zinthu, ndiponso kufalitsa nkhani.

Kulembetsa ndi Kutulutsa Zinthu pa Intaneti

OvR ya pa Intaneti yovomerezeka (OVR) tsopano ikupezeka m'mayiko ambiri a ku United States ndi mayiko ambiri padziko lonse. OVR imachepetsa zolakwa, imachepetsa ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito, ndipo imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri polembetsa achinyamata ovota. Maboma ena asankhanso asilikali pa Intaneti, nzika za m’mayiko akunja, ndi ovota ndi kulumala. Komabe, kuvota kokwanira pa Intaneti kukutsutsana ndi nkhaŵa za chitetezo . "sociation system ques ques joit , ndipo kubisa kwa ola oimba oimba ja.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ma TV ndi Ma TV Pochita Chipolowe

Maplatform onga Facebook, Instagram, ndi Tik Tok angakulitsenso kufalitsa masiku olembetsera kulembetsa, kusanthula malo, ndi tsatanetsatane wa pulogalamu . Mkati mwa chisankho cha 2020 ku United States, Facebook anasimba kuti "Mafekishoni" ake anathandiza kulembetsa ogwiritsira ntchito 2.5 miliyoni. Komabe, mapulatifomu amodzimodziwo angagwiritsidwenso ntchito kufalitsa mawu ndi magulu osavuta ndi malonda osocheretsa. Kusintha ndi kulemba ndi kulemba mawu n’kofunika kuti luso la zopangapangapanga likhaledisonetsa mmalo mwa kupeputsa.

Kumaliza: Ntchito Yopitirizabe ya Kutengamo Mbali Mwademokrase

Kutengamo mbali kwa kampani ya magetsi si kuchuluka kwa zinthu zimene zikuchitika. N’chifukwa chakuti pali kugwirizana kosiyanasiyana pakati pa zolinga za munthu, chikhalidwe cha anthu, mapulaneti, ndi kusintha kwa luso la zopangapanga. Kutsika kwa dziko kumasonyeza kufooka kwa dongosolo la zinthu kumene kungaperekedwe mwa maphunziro, kusangalatsa, ndi kumanga chikhulupiriro. Kukwera, mosiyana, kumasonyeza demokrase yathanzi kumene anthu amamva ndi kutsata malamulo osonyeza ubwino wofanana.

Aphunzitsi, ophunzira, ndi atsogoleri a boma aliyense ali ndi ntchito yake. Mwa kuphunzitsa opanga mavoti ndi kufunika kwa mavoti, mwa kuchotsa zopinga kuti aloŵe, ndiponso mwa kuyerekezera kukhala nzika za nzika, iwowo angathandize kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa nthaŵi yaitali kwa mbali. Mtsogolo mwa demokalase siidalira chabe pa ufulu wosankha komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ufuluwo kwa nzika zonse zoyenerera.