Ndale za Japan zakhala zikupangidwa ndi kusokonezeka kwa zitsenderezo zapanyumba ndi mavuto a mitundu yonse. Pakati pa mphamvu zazikulu zosonkhezera kusintha kwa ndale zadziko pali mikangano ya malamulo achilendo, imene ingagwirizanitse zigaŵenga m'zifukwa zogwirizana kapena kusweka m'miyambo yakuya ya malingaliro. Kumvetsetsa mmene mikangano imeneyi imayambukirira zipani za Japan kuli kofunika kumvetsetsa ponse paŵiri ulamuliro wake wa banja ndi mbali yake yosintha pa chigawo cha dziko lonse. Nkhaniyi ikupenda njira zimene malamulo achilendo amatsutsana nazo ndi malamulo akunja kuchokera ku zigwirizano za chitetezo cha magulu a anthu, kujambula mbiri yaposachedwapa ndi zitsutso zamakono.

Kusamvana kwa Malamulo Achilendo a ku Japan

Kutsutsana kwa malamulo a dziko la Japan si mikangano wamba; ndi nkhani zazikulu zimene zimayambukira mwachindunji mtundu ndi chisungiko cha chuma. Mikangano yosatha ndi yosagwirizana imaphatikizapo:

  • [[FULT:0] Mawu akuti: [[FT:1] Zisumbu za Northern Territory / Kuril Mikangano ndi Russia, Senkaku / Diayu Islands ndi China, ndi Takeshima / Dokdo kukangana ndi South Korea.
  • Mapangano a Ukhondo: Mbali ya Chisungiko cha U.S.- Japan Pangano la Chisungiko, kutsutsana pa kudalirana kwa kudziimira kwaumwini, ndi unansi wa Japan ndi NATO ndi madongosolo a chisungiko cha chigawo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Trade ndi kusagwirizana kwa zachuma: Kusalinganizika kwa malonda kwa Biteral , mikangano ya kaundula (kuphatikizapo ija yoyambitsidwa ndi U.S. pansi pa ulamuliro wa Trump), ndi kuyang'anira manyowa operekera unyolo m'malo oimbidwa mlandu wa zandale.
  • Nkhani za malembo ndi chizindikiro: Mmene Japan amachitira ndi nyengo yake yankhondo, kuphatikizapo maulendo alamulo ku Yasukuni Shrine, imene imasokoneza unansi ndi China ndi South Korea ndi kusonkhezera kaimidwe ka otsutsa.

Mkangano uliwonse wa mikangano imeneyi uli ndi mphamvu zosiyana kwa zipani zosiyanasiyana zandale, ndipo kusamuka kwawo kungasinthe mofulumira m’kuyankha ku zochitika zakunja zonga ngati kuchita nkhondo, misonkhano ya ndale, kapena ziletso zachuma.

Mmene Lamulo la Kunja Likhudzira Zipani Zandale

Malamulo a mayiko ena amasintha kwambiri mgwirizano ndi mpikisano wa zipani.

Magulu Ogwirizana ndi Kugwirizana kwa Anthu Ochita Zinthu Mwadongosolo

Pamene Japan iyang'anizana ndi chiwopsezo chakunja kapena vuto lalikulu la mayanjano, zipani m'magulu ambiri a malingaliro zimachirikiza malo a dziko limodzi. Zimenezi "kuzungulira mbendera" ziyambukiro zazikulu makamaka m'mikangano ya dziko, kumene anthu amayembekezera kukhala ndi kaimidwe kolimba, kogwirizana. Mwachitsanzo, panthaŵi zimene chidani chowonjezereka pa zisumbu za Senkaku, zonse ziŵiri zilamulira Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) ndi kutsutsa koyambirira kwa Malamulo Democratic Party (CDP) zachirikiza kuchirikiza kwa boma ndi kudalira kwake U. S.

Chigwirizano cha bipartisan chotero chimawonjezera ku kusungidwa kwamakono ndi kuwonongedwa kwa nkhondo. LDP ndi mnzake mnzake Komeito awonjezera ndalama zotetezera, ndipo pamene kuli kwakuti CDP yachirikiza kuletsa, kaŵirikaŵiri yavomereza kuchirikiza bajeti yowonjezera pamavuto. Njira imeneyi imasonyeza chivomerezo champhamvu chakuti Japan ayenera kutetezera umphumphu wake wa dziko ndi kusunga kugwirizana kwake ndi United States.

Kugawanikana ndi Kugawanikana

Mosasamala kanthu za nthaŵi za umodzi, mikangano ya malamulo yachilendo kaŵirikaŵiri imavumbula ndi kukulitsa kusiyana kwa malingaliro pakati pa zigaŵenga. Magawano aakulu amazikidwa pa mlingo wa kutsimikizana maganizo ndi kukambirana, limodzinso ndi njira ya kugwirizanitsa mbiri yakale. Kusiyana kwakukulu kumaphatikizapo:

  • Ochirikiza ufulu wa dziko (m., timagulu ta m'LDP, Chipani cha Japan Innovation) amachirikiza nkhondo yolimba, kukonzedwanso kwa Mfundo 9 ya malamulo, ndi kaimidwe kolimba kwambiri pa mfundo za dziko.
  • Kambani za osunga mwambo (m., Komeito, ziŵalo zina za LDP) amaika patsogolo mgwirizano wa U.S. koma amagogomezera pangano la ndale ndi kudalirana kwa chuma, makamaka ndi China.
  • Magulu opingasa / akunja-kumbuyo (mt., CDP, Chipani cha Japani Chikomyunizimu) amatsutsa lamulo lachilendo lotsutsa nkhondo, kumamatira kosamalitsa ku Mfundo 9, ndi njira zambiri zimene zimavomereza mgwirizano wa United Nations ndi chigawo cha chigawo.

Kudzipatutsa kumeneku kungalepheretse mgwirizano waukulu, ngakhale pa nthawi ya mavuto. Mwachitsanzo, pamene boma la LDP linasintha malamulowo kuti lilole magulu odziimira okha, kuti agwirizane, koma kugwirizana kwawo kunali kofooka chifukwa CDP ndi JCP anali ndi masomphenya osiyana kwambiri a mmene dziko la Japan lingakhalire. Zotsatira zake zinali kuimira kofala kwa malamulo kumene kunachititsa gulu la anthu kukhazikitsa njira ndi kuvomereza mavoti.

Kulinganiza Zandale ndi Kufuna Kupeza Ufulu

Malamulo akunja angagwirizanenso, pamene mamembala akugaŵikana kapena kugwirizanitsa mfundo za malamulo apamwamba achilendo. Chitsanzo chaposachedwapa n’chokhudza kupangidwa kwa CDP mu 2017, imene inasonkhanitsa pamodzi ziwalo za Democratic Party , zodziimira, ndi ngakhale opatuka kuchokera ku LDP yomwe inatsutsa Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's astrists projects ndi kuyang'anira kwake nkhani za mbiri yakale. Mofananamo, kukwera kwa Japan Innovation Party, imene imachirikiza malamulo a dziko lachilendo, yachotsa PDP ku prototototototo kuwonjezera zitsimikiziro zake za dziko lonse kuti lisunge maziko ake.

Kukambitsirana kwa chikole kwasonkhezeredwanso kwambiri ndi kugwirizana kwa malamulo achilendo. Mgwirizano wa LDP-Komeito wapirira kwa zaka makumi ambiri chifukwa chakuti Komeito anaima bwino pa chisungiko ndi kugwirizana kwake kwamphamvu ndi gulu la Soka Gakai Buddhi ndi kukhazikitsa mlatho kwa osankha otsutsa nkhondo, kuchotsa LDP's National. Komabe, mgwirizano umenewu wasokonezeka pamene LDP akhazikitsa malamulo ankhondo okhwima. Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, kuyesa kupanga mgwirizano waukulu wa chitsutso cha chidani kwalephera mobwerezabwereza chifukwa cha kusiyana maganizo kwa mfundo zachilendo, makamaka ntchito ya asilikali a U.S. ndi malamulo ankhondo.

Kufufuza Nkhani: Zilumba za Senkaku Zikupotoza ndi Chipani Champhamvu

Senkaku Islands ikupereka chitsanzo chomveka bwino cha mmene malamulo akunja angagwirizanitsire ndi kugaŵanitsa zipani za Japani. Pamene boma la Japan linapanga zisumbu zitatu mu 2012, likuyambitsa zitsutso zazikulu ku China ndi kunyonyotsoka kwa maunansi a anthu, LDP ndi magulu ambiri otsutsa anachirikiza kutsimikiza kwa boma za ulamuliro. Komabe chochitikacho chinakulitsanso magaŵano: LDP anagwiritsira ntchito vutolo kukakamiza mkhalidwe wamphamvu wa chitetezo cha m'nyanja, pamene CDP ndi JCP anatsutsa boma chifukwa cha kululuza mkhalidwewo ndi kupempha kuti achotse ulamulirowo.

Mkangano wakhala mayeso a anthu osankha. Madalewa amene amatsata kwambiri pa zilumbazi amakopa osankha autundu, pamene awo amene amagogomezera kukambirana ndi anthu a mitundu yonse akopa anthu ambiri, osankhidwa ndi mayiko. M’zaka zaposachedwapa, ngakhale m'LDP, akhala ndi mikangano ya mkati mwa anthu kuti alole zilumbazo kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa maseŵera ankhondo a U.S., kusamuka kumene kukakulitsa mikangano. Kuswa kwa mkati kumasonyeza vuto lalikulu la kulinganiza kunyada kwa dziko ndi kufunika kokhazikika kwa unansi ndi China, wochita malonda wamkulu wa Japan.

Senkaku akugwirizananso masamu. Mwachitsanzo, gulu la Komeito nthaŵi zina lachita ngati mabuleki owonjezera malingaliro a LDP kuwonjezera nkhondo pafupi ndi zisumbu, kutsutsana mmalo mwake kaamba ka njira zolimbitsira chidaliro. Mphamvu imeneyi yathandiza kusungitsa kukhazikika kwa mgwirizano wolamulirawo, komanso ikugogomezera lamulo lachilendo lolinganiza ntchito imene atsogoleri a gulu ayenera kuchita.

Malo Ena Otsazikira Kunja ndi Ziyambukiro Zawo Zandale

Mkangano wa Magawo a Kumpoto ndi Russia

Mkangano wautali wa pa zisumbu za Kuril wakhala magwero a ku Russia ndi kuletsa mgwirizano wa zachuma wogwirizana ndi mkangano wa dziko la Japan, ndi magulu onse aakulu ochirikiza cholinga chobwerera zisumbu. Komabe, kuukira kwa ku Ukraine kwa ku Russia 2022 kunachotsapo kalulu. Boma la LDP pansi pa Nduna yaikulu Fumio Kishida linakhala chiletso pa Russia ndi kuletsa kugwirizana kwa zachuma kogwirizana ndi kutsutsana ndi malire a dzikolo. Pamene kuli kwakuti magulu otsutsa ana a kumbuyo kwa ziletso ndi kuchirikiza kuchirikiza kukambitsirana. Mkangano tsopano wakhala wogwirizana ndi mafunso aakulu a mphamvu za Japan (Risia ndiyo njira yaikulu yoperekera mphamvu) ndi kaimidwe kake pa kusungitsa chitetezo kwa pado-Paccia, kuyambitsa vuto latsopano.

Malonda ndi UF-Japan Relations

Malamulo a maiko ena sangokhala otetezereka okha. Nkhondo zamalonda, makamaka zimene zinayambitsidwa ndi United States, zasinthanso kugwirizana kwa makampani a ku Japan. M'ma 1980 ndi 1990, kusemphana maganizo pa magalimoto ndi makampani ena omwe anatsogolera magawo a makampani ogulitsa zinthu ku mayiko ena (kaŵirikaŵiri ochirikizidwa ndi LDP) ndi magawo a m'banja (ochilikizidwa ndi magulu otsutsa). Posachedwapa, malonda a U.S-Japan adagwirizana pansi pa NDULO za POGAZI anakakamiza LDP kulinganiza malo ake oyenderana ndi ntchito zaulimi, chidani chimene magulu otsutsa anagwirira ntchito ku bwalo lamilandu yakumidzi.

Mikangano ya zamalonda imatsutsananso ndi mikangano ya zachitetezo. Mabungwe amene amayanja mgwirizano wamphamvu wa United States angazengereze kusuliza lamulo la Amereka la malonda, pamene awo ochirikiza lamulo lachilendo lodziimira akugwiritsira ntchito kusagwirizana kwa malonda kutsutsana kwa kugwirizana kwa chuma kwa Japan. Kutsutsana kogwirizana ndi Comprehensive and Progresting Reaces for Trans-Pacificial Precialshipship (CPP) ndi Comment Comprensiveneive Economical Transalshiateshipship (RCEP) ya Chigawo cha Rekontinential (REP) anaona zigwirizano za m'amphako za chuma cha Japan zikupikisana m’tsogolo.

Kugwirizana kwa Mbiri Yakale ndi Mayanjano a M’chigawo

Kuipidwa ndi nkhondo ndi kupepesa kumakhala kwamphamvu pandale. Mbalame ya LDP yosasinthasintha, yogwirizanitsidwa ndi yemwe kale anali Nduna Yaikulu Abe, yasonkhezera nkhani za mbiri ya kukondetsa dziko, kuphatikizapo ulendo ku Yasukuni Shrine, imene imakulitsa unansi ndi China ndi South Korea. Magulu otsutsa, makamaka CDP ndi JCP, adatsutsa mosalekeza kuukira zimenezi ndi kuitanira njira yochititsa manyazi kwambiri.

Nkhani za m'mbiri zimenezi zimakhudza kwambiri mgwirizano. Mwachitsanzo, m'zaka zaposachedwapa za 2015 pa nkhani ya malamulo a chitetezo, magulu otsutsa amene anagwirizana kuti apeŵe kusintha kwa mayiko ena, ngakhale kuti sanagwirizane pa nkhani zina. Mofananamo, JCP anasintha n’kuyamba kuchepetsa kwambiri mgwirizano wa United States chifukwa cha kufuna kugwirizana ndi mfundo za m'mbiri yotsutsa LDP.

Zotsatirapo Zopambana za Kusamvana kwa Malamulo Achilendo

Kukangana kwa malamulo a maiko ena sikumangokhudza anthu apamwamba okha; kumachititsanso anthu kukhala ndi khalidwe losankha ndi njira zopangira chipani pa bokosi losankhira.

  • Issue secrece : Pamene vuto la malamulo lakunja lilamulira nkhani za nyuzi, kungakweze chisungiko ndi umphumphu wa dziko monga nkhani zovota zokulira, kupindulitsa magulu olingaliridwa kukhala amphamvu pa kutetezera.
  • Kugaŵanitsa: Mapato amagwiritsira ntchito njira yachilendo yolankhulira kusonkhanitsa malo awo. Magulu a Nationalism amapeza chichirikizo pakati pa osankha amene akulingalira kuti akuwopsezedwa ndi China kapena Russia, pamene maphwando otsutsa nkhondo akukopa awo amene amawopa nkhondo.
  • Mipata-iŵiri: imatsutsa zimene zimapangitsa kuti mfundo zamwambo zitseguke malo kwa zipani zatsopano. Mwachitsanzo, Japan Innovation Party ikopa ovota amene ali omasuka mwa zachuma koma osasamala pa malamulo achilendo [1] Makanize amene LDP kapena CDP saimira mokwanira.

Ziŵerengero za chisankho chaposachedwapa ku Japan zasonyeza kuti lamulo lakunja lingasonkhezere mavoti. M'chosankha chachikulu cha 2021, LDP inapanga ndawala yaikulu pa kaimidwe kake kamphamvu motsutsana ndi China ndi chigwirizano chake ndi U.S. chimene chinathandiza kusungirira anthu ambiri omasuka. Panthaŵi ino, CDP inayesa kudzisiyanitsa mwa kugogomezera zokambirana koma inayesayesa kupeza ufulu pakati pa kusanthula kwa anthu kowonjezereka. M'nkhani yapamwamba 20222 za nyumba zosankhidwa, nkhani ya kukonzanso malamulo ndi kukhazikitsanso gulu la anthu, inagaŵanso chitsutso, kulola chigwirizano cha LDPP-Komito kupambana bwino.

Zifukwa za Mtsogolo mwa Zandale za Japan

Zifukwa zingapo zikusonyeza kuti malamulo a mayiko ena adzakhalabe osokoneza:

  • Mpikisano wa zachuma wa padziko lonse: [[FLT :1] Kukulitsa mpikisano wa U.S. kumakakamiza anthu a ku Japan kukhala ndi malo omveka bwino pa kulinganiza. LDP ndi yolimba kumbuyo kwa U.S., pamene CDP yakhala ikufuna njira yowonjezereka yofotokozera "kukonza". Kusungunula kumeneku kungachititse kukambitsirana kwa m'tsogolo kovuta kwambiri.
  • [[FLT :0] Kukonzanso kwa Constituanial: Kukakamiza kosalekeza kwa LDP kukonzanso Gawo 9 kudakalibe chinthu chodziŵika. Kupita patsogolo kulikonse pa kukonzanso kungadodometse chitsutso ndipo kungatse chigwirizano cha LDP-Komeito, monga momwe Komeito adawonera m'mbiri kuletsa kutsutsa.
  • Ubwino wa zachuma: Nkhani zonga kuchotsa luso la zopangapanga, zomangira zotumiza kunja, ndi kutumiza zinthu zamphamvu zamakono zikukhala malo ankhondo achilendo. Malikiti adzayenera kulinganiza kuyendetsa bwino chuma ndi kuopsa kwa majini, kuyambitsa malo atsopano a kusagwirizana.
  • Kusintha kwa m'badwo: Osankha Ang’ono ku Japan ali ndi chikhoterero cha kukhala a internationalist ndi osagwirizana ndi madongosolo a nkhondo ya Mawu achilendo. Pamene akukhala mbali yaikulu ya osankhidwa, magawo angafunikire kusintha mapulatifomu awo a malamulo achilendo, amene angapange malo ochitira mapangano atsopano.

Mwachidule, mikangano ya malamulo yachilendo ndi mphamvu yosintha m'gulu la Japan. Iwo angapange umodzi polimbana ndi chitsenderezo chakunja koma mofanana ndi kuswa mosavuta kugwirizana komwe kulipo pamene malamulo ofunika akuwombana. Magulu a Japani saali otsatira a mndandanda wa malamulo achilendo wokha; iwo amagwiritsira ntchito mikangano imeneyi kuima, kupikisana ndi osankha, ndi kukonza kugwirizana kwa dziko. Openyerera amene amangoyang'ana pa ndale zapanyumba za Japan amaphonya mlingo wowopsya: kaimidwe ka dziko lonselo ndi kawo kawonekedwe kake kake kawokhawokhawokhakha ka mpikisano wa mkati ndi woyendetsa.

Kumaliza

Malamulo a maiko ena sagwirizana ndi ndale zadziko za Japan; iwo ali maziko a kumvetsetsa mmene mapangano amakhalira, kupikisana, ndi kulamulira. Kuchokera ku kunenera kwa malo kukhala zigwirizano ndi kusagwirizana kwa malonda, mikangano imeneyi imagwira ntchito monga zosonkhezera kugwirizana ndi mikangano. Kutsutsana kwa zisumbu za Senkaku, nkhani za ku Northern Producations, ndi nkhani za mbiri yakale zokambirana zimasonyeza kuti malamulo akunja angagwirizanitse magulu a anthu pamavuto koma amayambitsanso magaŵano osatha akuti dziko landale likhale logwirizana. Pamene Japan ikupita patsogolo, kukambirana pakati pa malamulo ndi zigwirizano za mayiko akunja kudzangowonjezera kuvuta, kukonza zinthu zonse kuchokera ku kadyedwe kabwino. Aliyense amene akufuna kumvetsetsa zandale za m’tsogolo, kunyalanyaza malamulo a maiko ena achilendo a dziko la Japan, kutsutsana ndi kutsutsana kwa ndale zadziko.

[[FLT :0] Kuŵerenga kowonjezereka:[[FLT :1] Council pa Maiko Akunja - Senkaku Islands Dispute ○ [1] Zisumbu - Kuril ndi Japan-Russesia → → Nthaŵi za Projetika japani . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .