Kuchuluka kwa Zofunika za Apolisi Odziŵa Kulamulira ndi Zalamulo

Kugwirizanitsa ma drones ndi malamulo kwawonjezeka m'zaka khumi zapitazo, kupereka mabungwe chiŵiya champhamvu choyendera ndege, kuyang'anira gulu, ndi kusonkhanitsa umboni. Madongosolo a ndege (UAS) ameneŵa opanda anthu amapereka njira yotayika yophikira madera aakulu mofulumira, koma kukhazikitsa kwawo kumadzutsa mafunso aakulu alamulo ndi a makhalidwe abwino. Pamtima pa makambitsirano ameneŵa pali lamulo: Apolisi ayenera kupeza dongosolo la khoti asanagwiritsire ntchito drane kuti alondere, ndipo ngati nditero, kodi ndimotani mmene kulinganizako kwa kulinganizika pakati pa chisungiko cha anthu ndi malo achinsinsi a munthu aliyense payekha? Yankholo sili logwirizana, ndipo monga maluso a zamakono a za zopanga zinthu zalamulo amasintha, choteronso malamulo olinganizidwa kulamulira kugwiritsa ntchito kwake.

Malamulo Othandiza Odwala

Chikalata chachinayi cha Kusintha malamulo a U.S. chimateteza nzika ku kufufuza kosayenera ndi kugwidwa ndi matenda. Khoti Lapamwamba lakhala ndi chikhulupiriro kwa nthaŵi yaitali chakuti chilolezo chikufunika pamene apolisi akuloŵerera pa “kuyembekezera kwa munthu kwachinsinsi.” Poyang'ana za kuyang'anira, mfundo imeneyi imakhala yovuta chifukwa chakuti ma fron angaonere makoma, kuyang'ana m'matabwa, ndi kunyamula zithunzithunzi kuchokera ku malo okwera amene kale anaoneka ngati osafikirika. [[FLT:]] Amachititsa funso lalamulo kuyendetsa kamera pa katundu wachinsinsi kumakhala ngati kufunafuna kothandiza kuteteza.

Chisinthiko cha Kusintha kwa Kachinayi

M'mbiri, kuyang'anira ndege za anthu kunachitidwa kaŵirikaŵiri kuti asafufuze, malinga ngati ndegeyo inali pamalo oyendera mphepo okhoza kuphulika ndipo kuonekera kunali kwa onse. Kalifornia v. Cirolo (1986]), Khoti Lali Lapamwamba linalamulira kuti apolisi auluke mamita 1,000 osafuna kubisala pamene anaona zomera za chamba m'matanthwe. Momwemonso, Florida v. River [[FLT:] [19989]) (19989)) lidali ndi woyang'anira ndege ya helikoputa pa mapazi 400. Nkhani zimenezi zinalingalira kuti aliyense sakanatha kuyang'ana pansi pa mphepoyo, chotero panalibe malo achinsinsi.

Komabe, luso la zopangapanga lamphamvu limasintha kachipangizo ka kamodzi. Makhoti ayamba kusiyanitsa. [FLT: 0] United States v. [FTL:1], (202], Khoti Lalikulu limene limagwirizanitsa galimoto ndi galimoto yokhala ngati chiwembu ndi kufunafuna. Makhoti ayamba kusiyanitsa. [Makhoti ayamba kusiyanitsa] m'tsogolo kumene kuli makampani ozungulira. [FLT: 0] United States v. ] (20: 2), Supreme Court (20) adasankha kuti agwirizanitse galimoto ya GPS ku chiwero chopanga cholakwika ndi kuyang'ana. Zotsatira za m'mbuyo za gulu la anthu ozindikirira. Zokambirana za m'makedzana za m'maumboni za m'dziko, zinafunikira kuti anthu adziwikire bwino.

Pamene kuli kwakuti Makhoti akukayikira kwambiri machitidwe opanda lamulo. Mwachitsanzo, khoti lamilandu la Kentucky lopempha chigamulo, likhoza kutheketsa maulamuliro “kufufuza zinthu popanda kudziŵika bwino". , "Applies wamphamvu kuti aone. Makhoti ang'onoang'onoang'ono akukayikira kwambiri machitidwe osaloleka. Mwachitsanzo, khoti la apilo la khoti la Kentucky, Bhaisley v. Mzinda wa Frankfort[FL:3], limapereka lamulo lakuti kuyang'anira nyumba yosaimbidwa popanda chilo choletsa chachinayi. Khoti pakati pa ndege zouluka zachisanu ndi drone lomwe zimaimba , zopanda makompyuta, zogwira ntchito tsatanetsatane.

Kukula kwa Malamulo a Boma

Kupyola Konsichushoni, maboma ambiri akhazikitsa malamulo ofunikira mwachindunji zilolezo za apolisi zogwiritsira ntchito drone. Monga kumayambiriro kwa 2025 , maboma 24 ali ndi malamulo amene kaŵirikaŵiri amafuna chilolezo kutsogolo kwa wosungitsa lamulo wofuna kugamula mlandu, ngakhale kuti pali zilolezo za kufulumira kapena kuvomereza. Mwachitsanzo, lamulo la Oregon 2013 limaletsa lamulo la kuletsa kugwiritsira ntchito dron kusonkhanitsa umboni popanda chilolezo china chokhudza moyo. Virginia ndi Florida ali ndi malamulo ofanana. Malamulo ameneŵa kaŵirikaŵiri amaphatikizapo makonzedwe a kufufuzanso, kuletsa kusungidwa kosadziŵika kwa zithunzi zosakhudzana ndi kufufuza.

Pa mlingo wa boma, FAA imalamulira malo oulutsira ndege, koma Congress sanapereke lamulo lokwanira lokhudza kuyang’anira apolisi. Fourth Amendment ndi Not for Sale Act , ikufuna zilolezo za lamulo kuti apeze chidziŵitso kwa anthu achitatu, kuphatikizapo kunyamula mapazi ogwidwa ndi oyendetsa ntchito zachinsinsi ndi kugawana ndi apolisi. Komabe, siinachitidwe. Monga chotulukapo chake, malo alamulo akhalabe ntchito yomanga nyumba, ndi boma, ndi malamulo a kumaloko ndipo nthaŵi zina zotsutsana.

Ntchito ya Ogwira Ntchito Zoteteza Anthu Okhala Okha

Ziyeneretso zopanda malire zimatumikira monga kuyang’anira mochenjera kuthekera kwa kuchitiridwa nkhanza kokhala m’zopangapanga zamakono. Popanda chilolezo, apolisi akanatha kutsogolera madera onse, kuyang’anira mosakaikira, kusonkhanitsa zithunzi za ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku za anthu. Iwo amapita, pamene anthu achoka kuntchito, kaya munthu ali wosamala zachipembedzo, ndi zina zambiri.

Uyang’aniro Wachiweruzo Monga Kupenda pa Ulamuliro Waukulu

Chikalata chimafunikira lamulo kuti apereke lamulo loletsa kutchula chochititsa chosatsutsika kwa mazembe, amene kenaka amalongosola malire ndi malire a kufunafuna. Zimenezi zimatsimikizira kuti ukatswiri wachita kuyang'anira, woweruza angafotokoze malo oti asungidwe, utali wa ntchito, ndi mitundu ya chidziŵitso imene ingasonkhanidwe. Popanda kulongosola, apolisi angagwiritse ntchito drone kutsata munthu mmodzi wokayikiridwa ndi kusesa mosadziŵa. Uyang'aniro umachititsanso kuonekera kwa mbiri imene ingapendedwe pambuyo pake, iyenera kutsutsa kuti chikalatacho chinali chokulirapo kapena kuti chingakhale umboni wopezeka molakwika.

Kuletsa Kupuma ndi Ntchito

Madoko amene anagulidwa poyambirira kuti alandire chithandizo chamwadzidzidzi kapena kukonzanso ngozi zapamsewu angakonzeke mosavuta kuti ayang’anizane. Magulu apolisi apereke lamulo lolungamitsira malo alionse oyendera, kuchepetsa chiyeso cha “kungowona zimene drone imajambula.". Ntchito imagunda [1] Kumene luso lazopangapanga lakuchuluka likhale nkhaŵa ya ziŵiya zina, monga ngati kuwerenga laisensi ndi kutsendereza. Zofunikira zankhondo zimagwira ntchito monga ngati procedtural lactural, kukakamiza ziunizo kuima ndi kuganiza asanafutukutse lans.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Lamulo Movuta

Ochirikiza kugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta opanda lamulo amanena kuti m'mikhalidwe yofulumira kuimbidwa mlandu , zochitika zogwira ntchito, Amber Alerts , kufunika kwa kupeza chilolezo kungachedwetse imfa. Kusungidwa kwa malamulo kumatsutsanso kuti ma drones amapereka njira ina yabwinopo kuposa mahelikoputala kapena maofesala a panthaka amene akuloŵa m'malo owopsa. Kulinganiza zinthu zothandiza ndi chitetezo chachinsinsi n’kovuta.

Kusintha Nthaŵi ndi Mikhalidwe Yoipa

Makhoti azindikira kwa nthaŵi yaitali mikhalidwe yochepera yosiyana ndi chiyeneretso. Ngati pali chiwopsezo cha mwamsanga ku moyo kapena kuwonongeka kwa posachedwapa kwa umboni, apolisi angachitepo popanda chilolezo. Kwa ma drones, mkhalidwe woopsa ungakhale wothawa amene angayembekezere kuthaŵa ngati apolisi ayembekezera chilolezo, kapena woombera mfuti wotsekeredwa kumene kuyang'ana kwa ndege kupulumutsa miyoyo. Komabe, kuchotsako kuyenera kukhaladi kopanda chilolezo. Makomiti ena apolisi apanga malamulo kaamba ka zilolezo za mwamsanga, kugwiritsira ntchito zikalata zamagetsi ndi mavidiyo kutumiza oweruza ndi kuvomereza ndi oweruza kuti apeze chivomerezo m’mphiri.

2023 kufufuza kochitidwa ndi Police Adminitive Research Forum kunapeza kuti pakati pa madipatimenti ogwiritsira ntchito drones, 70% anali ndi malamulo opezera chilolezo m’mikhalidwe yosafuna kuulutsidwa. 30% yotsalayi inasimba kuti inadalira pa mikhalidwe yosatsimikizirika kuti igwire ntchito popanda chilolezo. Kusintha kumeneku kumagogomezera kufunika kwa miyezo yalamulo yowonekera bwino.

Zimene Zimachititsa Kuti Anthu Azidziwa Zinthu Mopitirira Muyezo

Chitokoso chinanso ndicho kulongosola chochititsa kuyang'ana kwa maluwa. Ma Drone angagwirenso zithunzi zozungulira, zithunzi zotentha, ndi vidiyo yapamwamba ya ozipanga. Chilolezo chozikidwa pa chifukwa chothekera chakuti wokayikirayo akulima chamba kumbuyo kwa nyumba chingavomereze kuti wodwalayo auluke pabwalo ndi kuyang'ana zomera. Komabe droneyo adzalembanso zithunzi za zinthu zapafupi, ana akuseŵera, ndi ntchito zina zaumwini. Lamulolo liyenera kutchula kuti ndi kuti ndizonji zimene zingasonkhanidwe ndi kuti zikhale kwanthaŵi yaitali motani. Madipatimenti apolisi ambiri alandira malamulo ofuna kuti masamu osagwirizana ndi kufufuza zinthu achotsedwe mkati mwa masiku 30, koma malamulo otero ndi ovuta kuwayang'anira.

Mabungwe aufulu wa anthu monga ngati ACLU avomereza kuti malamulo afunikiritsa chilolezo kaamba ka kuyang'anira konse, amafuna kutsekedwa kwa chidziŵitso pambuyo pa nyengo yaifupi, ndi kuletsa kugwiritsira ntchito kwa nkhope pa malo opanda chilolezo cha lamulo. Mizinda ina, monga Seattle, yokonzekera kutumiza ma drons koma yomangidwa pambuyo pa kulira kwa anthu, pambuyo pake kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo oletsa.

Kufufuza Zochita ndi Zoyenera Zanu

Kupyola pa malamulo, kugwiritsira ntchito madoko a apolisi kumachititsa nkhaŵa zazikulu za makhalidwe abwino. Kukhoza kuchita zinthu mosalekeza, mobisa kwa m’ndege kumasintha mphamvu ya boma ndi nzika zake. Ngakhale ngati chikalata chitakhala, kuyang'anira kungasokonezeke. Mwachitsanzo, mafilimu angaonetsedwe m’nyumba yotchinga m'nyumba ya munthu, kapena kuyang'ana m'mawindo apamwamba otetezedwa ndi mapeti otchingidwa ndi maleza otchingidwa ndi mlingo waung'ono. Kuswa kumeneku kungamveke ngati kuswa ulemu, ngakhale ngati ndi kochitidwa mwalamulo pansi pa chilolezo.

Zotsatira Zolimbikitsa pa Kulankhula Mwaufulu ndi Msonkhano

Pamene anthu adziŵa kuti ma drono angakhale opambana pa zitsutso zapoyera, misonkhano ya chipembedzo, kapena zikondwerero za ndale zadziko, angasinthe khalidwe lawo. Chiyambukiro chochititsa mantha chimenechi chingafooketse ufulu Woyamba Wowonjezera. 2022 kuchokera ku Expronic Frontive Foundation [[FLL: 1]] milandu yolembedwa imene apolisi anaitumiza ku Minneapolis, Portland, ndi Washington D.C., kaŵirikaŵiri popanda malamulo. Mu Minneapolis, pambuyo pa kuphedwa kwa George Flod, drones anagwiritsiridwa ntchito kuyang'anira kuletsa kuletsa kuletsa ndi kuyang'anira. Pamene kuli kwakuti apolisi anathandiza kuletsa malo otsutsa, otsutsa ananena kuti kubwera kwa anthu owopsa ndi otsutsa.

Kusunga Zinthu Zachinsinsi Ndiponso Kusazisunga

Kufufuza kwa munthu si kungosunga, kusanthula, ndi kugaŵana ndi mabungwe ena. Popanda njira zolimba za kusungitsa zinthu, madipatimenti a apolisi angapange matelebyte ojambula zithunzi kwa zaka zambiri, kupanga ndandanda yofufuzira ya madongosolo a munthu. Kusonkhanitsa kumeneku kuli kofanana ndi maprogramu oyang'anira amene Congress Congress yoletsa bungwe la USA Freedom Act . Chiyeneretso cha kusonkhanitsa koyamba ndi sitepe yoyamba, koma chitetezo chachinsinsi chimafunikiranso malire a mmene chidziŵitso chingasungidwire ndi amene angachipezere. . [FLT:] . [FLT.IC.IC] Chiyenetsekere cha malamulo amene amalamulira malamulo oyenera kuyang'anira, kuyang'anira ndi kutseka kwa nkhope, kuletsa kuyang'anirana kwa munthu, ndi kusoŵa kwa masiku 10

Kuthetsa Chitonthozo ndi Nkhani ya Onse

Nkhani ya anthu ponena za ma drones a polisi yakula, chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa luso la zopangapanga ndi zochitika zapamwamba. Pamene anthu ambiri alingalira kapena kutengera maprogramu osokoneza, kukambitsirana kodalira pa zofunika za lamulo kwakhala nkhani yaikulu. Malamulo osiyanasiyana akuyesa zitsanzo zosiyanasiyana za uyang’aniro.

Malamulo Afika Patali

Mayiko ena, monga Kentucky ndi Wisconsin, akhazikitsa malamulo amene amachepetsa kwambiri kuyang’anira popanda chilolezo, popanda chilolezo chimodzi. Ena, monga Texas, akhazikitsa malamulo amene amalola kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa ndandanda ya zochita zambiri, kuphatikizapo kuyang'anira magalimoto ndi kuteteza malo a dziko. Pamlingo wa chigawo chakumeneko, mizinda monga San Francisco ndi Los Angeles ili ndi malamulo amene amafuna kuti bungwe la mzinda livomerezedwe kugula ndi kukhazikitsa makampani, limodzinso ndi malamulo oyenera kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito. Malamulo ameneŵa kaŵirikaŵiri anali chotulukapo cha ntchito yachinsinsi ndi ochirikiza chitaganya. Njira yatsopano kwambiri ndi ku Santa Clasalo County, California, imene ikufuna chilolezo cha kuyang'anira anthu ndi kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwa luso la zamakono pamiyendo zitatu, pafupifupi zaka zitatu.

Boma la boma limapereka chitsogozo kupyolera mwa National Institute of Justice ndi Federal Aviation Administration ya kulephera kwa ntchito, koma lilibe muyezo wofanana. Dipatimenti ya Chiyeso ya 2021 ya lamulo pa kugwiritsira ntchito modzifuna FBI ndi apolisi ena a boma kupeza chilolezo ngati chisakutsatiridwa, koma lamulolo silikubisa boma ndi mabungwe akomwe. Motero, mwininyumba m'mudzi wa Orego angapeze zitetezero zolimba kuposa mwini nyumba ya nyumba ku Atlanta.

Njira Zoyang’anira ndi Zoyeretsera M’dera

Pambali pa malamulo, makomiti oyang'anira chitaganya akuphatikizidwa kwambiri m'kuvomereza ntchito za kampani. Matauni onga Denver ndi Portland akhazikitsa makomiti oyang'anira nzika amene amapenda chochitika chilichonse cha kugwiritsira ntchito ndi kupereka lipoti poyera. Makomiti ameneŵa angapereke masinthidwe a malamulo, kuŵerengera machitidwe a zolembedwa, ndi kuchita nawo ntchito ndi anthu. Kukhoza kwa uyang'anira wotero kumadalira pa kudziimira kwake ndi chuma chake. Ngati kuchitidwa bwino, kumakulitsa ndi kuthandiza apolisi kugwiritsira ntchito ma drone m’njira zimene zimaonedwa kukhala zoyenera m’malo mowopseza.

Kuyang’ana Mtsogolo: Luso ndi Chilamulo

Luso la zopangapanga silikusintha. Kupita patsogolo kwa moyo wa mabetri, kudzilamulira, ndi luntha lakupanga kukuyambitsa maluso atsopano ndi mavuto. Apolisi posachedwapa apeza madolo a ndege amene angauluke panjira zoyendetsera popanda woyendetsa ndege waumunthu, wokonzeketsedwa ndi AI amene angadziŵitse khalidwe lokayikira panthaŵi yeniyeni. Zochitika zimenezi zingatsekereze muyezo pakati pa chiŵiya choyendera ndi chiŵiya chotumizira.

Maledzero ndi Ogwira Ntchito Odzilamulira

Ngati drone yalinganizidwa kuzungulira malo aupandu aakulu , kodi ndege iriyonse imafunikira chilolezo mobwerezabwereza? Makhoti sanayankhebe funsolo. Akatswiri ena a zamalamulo amatsutsa kuti mahomoni odziimira okha popanda chilolezo, sangakhale oyenera popanda chilolezo, chifukwa chakuti mkhalidwe weniweni wa kuyang'anira ndiko kufunafuna kopitirizabe. Ena amalingalira kuti maprogramu olinganizidwa pang'ono, onga ngati mahomoni ogwiritsiridwa ntchito kuyang'anira msewu wa anthu onse, sangapezenso malo achinsinsi ngati salemba anthu odziŵika. Monga makampani a zamakono a patsogolo, mapangano angafunikire kutsimikizira ziyenetso zofunikira osati kokha kaamba ka ndege zenizeni, koma kaamba ka dongosolo lonse lakuyang'anira, kuphatikizapo kusonkhanitsa kwa chidziŵitso cha chidziŵitso.

Zothekera za Kukhazikitsa Malamulo Oyenderana

Kulingalira ntchito ya malamulo a boma ndi kusoŵeka kwa lamulo la Bwalo Lapamwamba pa , lamulo la boma lokwanira latha kuikidwa m'nthaŵi yake. Mapepala angapo ayambitsidwa m'Congress, kuphatikizapo Drone Aircraftivestion ndi Act Translation Act , zimene zingafune chilolezo cha lamulo kuti ligwiritsire ntchito drone kuyang'anira munthu kapena katundu. Kufikira pano, palibe amene wapitirira. Komabe, pamene kusamala kwa anthu kukuwonjezereka, chitsenderezo cha ndale zadziko chingawonjeze. Chigawo cha 20 cha Regiona zoyesayesa zokonzedwanso, ndi openyerera ambiri akuyembekezera kuti m’zaka zisanu zotsatira, Nyumba za Malamulo zidzapanga zitetezero za chitetezo za pa matelejini, zomwe zilipo ndi kumbuyo kwa matele oyendera a foni a .

Kumaliza

Chiyeneretso chakuti apolisi apeze chilolezo asanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo. Madipatimenti a apolisi, si njira yosadziŵika bwino yotetezera anthu a m’nyengo ya makompyuta. Oyang’anira amatsimikizira kuti kuyang’anira kopambanitsa kumachitidwa, kwakanthaŵi, ndi kochitidwa ndi kuyang’anira kwachiweruzo, kuletsa mtundu wofala umene ungaziziritse kuugwira mtima ndi kuchotsa chidaliro m’malamulo. Madipatimenti a apolisi, kumbali yawo, ayenera kusinthira mwa kukhazikitsa malamulo achinsinsi ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo a boma popanda kuchititsa zinthu zabwino. Mapanganowo akakhala oyenerera a mtundu wa anthu. Malamulo ofunikira kuti tikhale ndi moyo wofanana ndi woyenerera. Pamene tikufunadi kukhala ndi moyo woyenerera, malamulowo ayenera kupitirizabe, nthaŵi zonse, kuyankha mfundo za lamulo lakukhazikitsa malamulo a Chisinthiko: kuti boma lingasunge moyo wathu popanda cholinga ndi kuvomereza zinthu.