Kodi Kholiji ya Electoral Nchiyani?

Electoral College ndi njira yokhazikitsidwa mwalamulo imene United States amasankha pulezidenti wake ndi wachiŵiri wa pulezidenti. Mmalo mwa chivoti chotchuka cha dziko lonselo, dongosololi limadalira gulu la osankha osankhidwa ndi boma lililonse amene amaikira ofunsira osankhidwa. Wotsogolera wapanga masankho ameneŵa wakhala mbali ya masankho a ku America kuyambira pamene dziko linayamba, ndipo akudziŵa mmene limagwira ntchito kwa wosankha aliyense amene akufuna kuona mmene amagwirizanitsira ndi zotsatira zake.

Pamene musankha m'chosankha cha pulezidenti, simukusankha mwachindunji osankhidwawo. Mmalomwake, mukusankha chikalata cha osankha amene analonjeza kuchirikiza wosankhidwa. Osankha ameneŵa amakumana m'malikulu awo a boma kuti apange mavoti awo, amene pambuyo pake amaŵerengedwa ndi Nyumba ya Malamulo. Chiŵerengero chonse cha osankhidwa ndi 538, kuonetsa chiŵerengero chonse cha mipando mu Congress (Aunt Auventiers, 100 Sanator) ndi osankhidwa atatu a Washington, D.C. Kupeza kampani, woloŵa m'pangano ayenera kusungidwa pa mavoti pafupifupi 270.

Kapangidwe kameneka kamatanthauza kuti voti yotchuka ya dziko silinagamule mwachindunji wopambana. M’malo mwake, mpikisanowo umamenyedwa ndi boma, ndi mavoti a boma lililonse osankhidwa motsatira chivoti chotchuka m’bomalo. Masankho ameneŵa amalinganiza mwadala mphamvu pakati pa maboma ndi anthu ambiri ndi aang’ono, akumapereka liwu lililonse lokhala ndi tanthauzo m’chipambano chake mosasamala kanthu za ukulu wake.

Mmene Maseŵero a Electoral College Akugwirira Ntchito Lerolino

Kusankha Ofufuza

Boma lililonse limasankha njira yakeyake yosankha osankha. M’njira, zipani zandale m'boma lililonse zimalemba zikalata za osankhidwa pa misonkhano ya chipani kapena kudzera m'makomiti a chipani. Osankha ameneŵa kwenikweni ndi ochirikiza chipani, osankhidwa ndi akuluakulu, kapena ochirikiza anthaŵi yaitali amene angadalire kuvotera osankhidwa a chipani. Pamene muponya chikalata chanu kwa pulezidenti, mukusankha mokhutiritsa chikalata cha osankhidwawonetsera chimene chidzaimira boma lanu.

Wopambana Atenga Ulamuliro Wonse

Mu 48 state ndi Washington, D.C., wosankha amene amapambana mavoti ochuluka m'bomalo amalandira mavoti ake onse osankhidwa. Izi zikutchedwa monga njira yopambana-yonse. Maine ndi Nebraska okha amagwiritsira ntchito njira yosiyana, kubwezera mavoti aŵiri osankhidwa kwa wopambana wa boma ndi voti imodzi yosankha kupambana chigawo chilichonse. Kupambana - zonse ndi mbali imodzi yofunika kwambiri ya Electoral College chifukwa chakuti imasumika maganizo pa mphamvu zonse za boma kumbuyo kwa wosankha mmodzi, kupanga chivoti ya chivoti cha boma pa chivoti chilichonse.

Kufikira Mpata 270

Chifukwa chakuti chiŵerengero chonse cha mavoti a voti chiikidwa pa 538, wosankhayo afunikiradi 270 kuti adziloŵetse kukhala woimira. Chitsekerero chimenechi chikutanthauza unyinji wa Electoral College . Ngati palibe wopita ku Elctoral College , chisankhocho chimagamulidwa ndi Nyumba ya Oimira, ndi nthumwi za boma zonse zopanga voti imodzi. Zimenezi zachitika kaŵiri kokha m'mbiri ya Amereka, mu 1800 ndi 1824, koma kuthekerako kumakhalabe kuimitsidwa kwa lamulo m'chosankha chogaŵidwa mogawanika.

Njira 270 zopangira ndawala ya ndawala kuposa pafupifupi mfundo ina iliyonse. Asayansi amasumika chuma chawo pa mayiko amene sakudziŵa bwino, amene amadziŵika monga malo ankhondo kapena mayiko ankhondo, mmalo moyesa kukulitsa chivoti cha dzikolo. Zimenezi zimatsimikizira kugwirizana kwa chivoti chanu ndi Electoral College: nkhani zanu makamaka pamene zithandiza boma lokhala ndi chigamulo kwa munthu wina.

Kugwirizana Koonekeratu Pakati pa Mawu Anu ndi Electoral College

Mmene Zida Zanu Zimatembenuzira Mabuku a Anthu Oimba

Voti iliyonse yoikidwa m'chisankho cha pulezidenti imagwira ntchito monga malangizo kwa osankha a boma. Pamene ovota ambiri m'boma asankha wobatizidwa, osankha a boma amalamulidwa ndi lamulo kapena chipani chilonjeza kupereka mavoti awo osankhidwa kwa wobatizidwayo. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti voti yanu yaumwini imagaŵiridwa ndi zikwi kapena mamiliyoni ena kugamula wopambana wa boma, ndipo ameneyo kenaka amapata chilolezo chonse cha chisankho cha boma pansi pa lamulo lopambana.

Mndandanda wa kuvota ndi wogwirizana mwachindunji ndi mwalamulo. Akuluakulu a chisankho amatsimikizira zotsatirapo za voti yotchuka, bwanamkubwa akusonyeza zikalata zodziŵira osankhidwa opambana, ndi osankhidwawo akhazikitsa mu December kukaponya mavoti awo. Njira yonseyo imachokera ku mamiliyoni a mavoti a munthu aliyense amene aikidwa kudutsa dzikolo, kuphatikizapo anu.

Zotsatirapo za Boma

Kufunika kwa voti lanu kumadalira kwambiri pa boma limene mumakhalamo. Ofufuza m'maiko otsutsa kwambiri ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kwa kuyambukira zotulukapo za voti kuposa ovota m'zigawo zimene nthaŵi zonse zimadalira kwa gulu limodzi. Mwachitsanzo, voti yochitidwa ku Pennsylvania, Michigan, kapena Arizona ingagamule kuti ndi wosankha uti amene alandira mavoti a bomalo, pamene kuli kwakuti voti yoikidwa ku California kapena Texas siingasinthe zotsatira za dziko lonselo.

Kusiyana kumeneku ndi chimodzi cha zinthu zimene zafotokozedwa kaŵirikaŵiri pa Electoral College. Otsutsa amanena kuti kumayambitsa mbali yoseŵera yosiyana kumene osankha m'maiko otetezereka amadzimva otayidwa, pamene kuli kwakuti ochirikiza amatsutsa kuti dongosolo limatetezera zikondwerero za maboma aang'ono ndi kuletsa oyembekezera kusumika maganizo okha pa malo aakulu a anthu. Mosasamala kanthu za kumene mumaima pa mkanganowu, kuzindikira malo osankhidwa a boma lanu kumakuthandizani kuona mmene mavoti anu amagwirizanirana ndi zotsatira za dziko lonse.

Magwero a Mbiri ndi Malamulo

Kutsutsana kwa Msonkhano wa Malamulo

Electoral College inapangidwa pa msonkhano wa Constitution wa 1787 monga kulolerana pakati pa awo amene anafuna kuti Nyumba ya Malamulo isankhe pulezidenti ndi awo amene anafuna chivoti chotchuka. Oyambitsawo anadera nkhaŵa kwambiri ndi timagulu tampatuko, zigawo, ndi vuto la kusanthula dziko lonse m'nyengo ya kulankhulana kochedwa ndi zoyendera zochepa. Anadanso nkhaŵa kuti maiko okhala ndi anthu ochepa adzanyalanyazidwa pa chisankho, kululuza boma limene anali kumanga.

James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, ndi nthumwi zina anatsutsanapo mfundo zambiri asanakhazikitse njira ya Electoral College . Hamilton adatsutsa mu Federalist No. 68 kuti dongosololo likatsimikizira kuti "Udindo wa Pulezidenti sudzagwera pa munthu aliyense amene ali wosayenerera kwambiri. Dongosololi linalinganizidwa kukhala lochotsa ufulu pakati pa voti yotchuka ndi kusankha komaliza, ngakhale kuti pochita ntchito yake yakhala njira yotembenuzira anthu a boma m'dziko lonselo.

Ana Atatu Ololerana ndi Zomwe Anasiya

Electoral College inakonzedwanso ndi Atatu a Akufa Ololera, amene anaŵerengedwa kukhala akapolo monga anthu atatu a munthu kaamba ka zifuno za kuimira ndi msonkho. Izi zinapatsa maboma a kummwera mphamvu zowonjezereka za kusankha popanda kupereka ufulu wosankha kwa anthu aukapolo. Pamene kuli kwakuti Malamulo atatu a Difth Claus anatha mphamvu ndi Amendule wa 141 pambuyo pa Nkhondo ya Chiweniweni, kutsendedwa kwa mbiri pakati pa Electoral College ndi ukapolo kumakhala mbali yofunika ya choloŵa cha dongosolo ndi chifukwa chake m'matsutsana nawobe ponena za kuyenera kwake.

M’kupita kwa nthaŵi, Electoral College yasintha kuchokera ku kusintha kwa malamulo ndi masinthidwe a boma. MPUNDO WA THEUFT, wovomerezedwa mu 1804, inakonzanso njira yosankha pulezidenti ndi pulezidenti wachiŵiri pambuyo pa chisankho cha 1800. Ma 20-Thith Amendmend Amendment, yomwe inavomerezedwa mu 1961, inaloledwa kuvota Washington, D.C. Ngakhale kuti panali kusintha kumeneku, maziko akhalapobe kwa zaka zoposa mazana aŵiri.

Malingaliro Olakwika Ponena za Koleji ya Electoral

Nthanthi Yotchuka ya Dzikolo

Ovota ambiri amalingalira kuti wosankha amene alandira mavoti ochuluka m'dziko lonselo amapata unduna wa boma. Zimenezi sizili zolondola. Electoral College adatulutsa mapresidenti asanu amene anataya chivoti chotchuka cha dzikolo: John Quincy Adams (1824), Rutherford B. Hayes (1888), Benjamin Harrison (1888), George W. Bush000 , ndi Donald Trump (2016). Izi zimachitika pamene munthu wosankhidwa apeza mavoti angapo, pamene akulanda mavoti awo osankhidwawo, pamene akutaya maboma ena ndi mipambo yaikulu.

Kuzindikira kusiyana kumeneku n’kofunika kwambiri pomasulira zotsatira za chisankho. Pamene mumva kuti wobatizidwa "avomereza voti yotchuka," chiŵerengerocho chimasonyeza chiwonkhetso cha mavoti a munthu mmodzi ndi mmodzi amene achitidwa m’dzikolo, koma siikugamula wopambana. Electoral College ndi woyang'anira wolamulira, ndipo zosankha zake zimakhala zomalizira mosasamala kanthu za malire a voti yofala ya dzikolo.

SANS

Maboma a gologolo, otchedwanso kuti ankhondo, ndi aja amene sangakhale odalirika ndipo angayende njira ina. Mayiko otetezeka, omwe nthaŵi zonse amayanjana ndi gulu limodzi. Chifukwa chakuti makampani amaika kwambiri ntchito yawo pa maboma oyendayenda, otsatsa malonda m’mayiko amenewo amapatsidwa chisamaliro chachikulu, kulengeza, ndi kufalikira kowonjezereka. Maboma a m'mayiko otetezeka angaone kuti mavoti awo ndi osagwirizana kwambiri, ngakhale kuti amathandizabe ku mlingo wa anthu onse osankhidwa ndi amene angakhudze mafuko a mpikisano.

Mphamvu imeneyi yachititsa kuti pakhale kusintha, kuphatikizapo malingaliro oloŵa m’malo Electoral College ndi voti lotchuka la dzikolo kapena kuvomereza bungwe la National Popular Vote Intertate Commission, limene likapereka mavoti awo kwa wopambana wosankhidwa wa chivoti cha dzikolo amene nthaŵi inakwanira kugawana nawo kuti afikire mavoti 270 osankhidwa ndi boma.

Mikangano Yokangana ndi Kholiji ya Electoral

Mikangano Imakomera

Ochirikiza Electoral College akupereka zifukwa zazikulu zingapo. Choyamba, njirayi imateteza zinthu za maboma aang'ono potsimikizira kuti oyembekezera kukhala prezidenti ayenera kumanga mgwirizano m'mayiko osiyanasiyana m’malo momangoyang'ana madera a anthu ambiri. Popanda Electoral College, oyembekezera kubatizidwa angapambane mwa kulamulira mizinda ingapo ikuluikulu ndi kunyalanyaza madera akumidzi ndi anthu ochepa.

Chachiwiri, Electoral College imachirikiza mfundo za boma mwa kukhazikitsa malamulo a chisankho m’dziko. Boma lililonse limasankha lokha, limatumiza zotsatira zake, ndi kutumiza osankha ake. Kapangidwe kabwino kameneka kamagwirizana ndi mfundo ya malamulo imene ikunena kuti ali ndi ulamuliro waukulu pa ulamuliro wawo.

Chachitatu, dongosololi limalimbikitsa mgwirizano waukulu wa malo. Wofuna kulowa m’zigawo zosiyanasiyana za dzikolo kuti apeze mavoti 270 osankhidwa, amene amapanga mpikisano m’madera amene anganyalanyazedwe.

Mikangano Yotsutsana

Anthu otsutsa amanena kuti pa masankho 6 a pulezidenti, anthu ambiri ayamba kukayikira zoti anthu apanga mavoti a m’kholiji ya Electoral College.

Chachiŵiri, wopambanayo amatsutsa njira zonse mokhutiritsa osankha amene anachirikiza wobatizidwayo m'boma loperekedwa. Ngati musankha wobatizidwa amene abwera m'dziko lanu lachiŵiri, voti yanu siimapereka chotulukapo cha dzikolo. Zimenezi zingatsogolere ku kuchepetsa wovota m'maiko otetezereka kumene chotulukapo chake chimalingaliridwa kukhala choikidwiratu.

Chachitatu, njirayi imayambitsa kuchuluka kwa mayiko amene asankha mavoti, kumene anthu ochepa angaone zotsatira za masankho onse. Zimenezi zimachititsa kuti mayiko ambiri aikidwe nzeru ndiponso ndalama zambiri pamene mayiko ena akunyalanyaza kwambiri.

Mmene Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mawu Kumathandizira

Ngakhale kuti pali kuvuta kwa Electoral College, voti yanu si yopanda tanthauzo. Voti iliyonse imawonjezera chiŵerengero chonse chimene chimatsimikizira kupambana kwa dziko lonse. M'dziko la mpikisano, malire a chilakiko angakhale la la lansi, ndi mavoti onse oona. Chisankho cha 2000 ku Florida chinagamulidwa ndi mavoti 537, ndipo masankho 2020 ku Georgia anagamulidwa ndi osakwana 120,000. M'maboma amenewo, wosankha amene anasankha kuti apeze mavoti a boma ndipo, mwa kuwonjezera, anakhala prezidenti.

Ngakhale m’maiko otetezereka, voti lanu limatumiza chizindikiro. Kumathandizira ku kukambitsirana kwa mtundu kwa zikhoterero za ndale zadziko, kumasonkhezera kutsitsa mipikisano ya nyumba ya Malamulo, Nyumba, ndi maofeki, ndipo kumasonyeza kugawana kwa anthu. Chisankho cha kumaloko, masitepe a maphwando, ndi makirangwe a pa maphwando zimadaliranso osankha amodzimodziwo amene ali ndi phande m'masankho a pulezidenti. Mphamvu ndi kutsatsa kwa makampani a pulezidenti kukhoza kukhala ndi chiyambukiro chochititsa pa onse.

Chinthu chofunika koposa chimene mungachite ndicho voti. Kholiji ya Electoral siimachotsa mphamvu ya mawu anu; imayendetsa mphamvuzo kupyolera m'dongosolo lapamwamba la boma limene lakhala likuchitika kwa zaka zoposa mazana aŵiri. Kumvetsetsa mmene limagwira ntchito kumakuthandizani kuponya pepala lanu ndi chidaliro ndi tsatanetsatane.

Kulimbikitsa Mawu Anu Pochita Zinthu Zosangalatsa

Kuti mupindule kwambiri ndi voti lanu m'nkhani ya Electoral College, lingalirani njira zothandiza izi. Choyamba, phunzirani ngati mkhalidwe wanu uli mkhalidwe wosinthasintha, mkhalidwe wa chisungiko, kapena pakati pa . chidziŵitso chimenechi chimakuthandizani kumvetsetsa chiyambukiro cha voti yanu ndipo chingatsogolere pangano lanu ndi ndawala ndi magulu a anthu amwambo.

Chachiwiri, mukuchita nawo zisankho. Opanga malamulo, akazembe, ndi akuluakulu a masankho amachita mbali zikuluzikulu popanga masankho, kukhazikitsa malire a zigawo, ndi kutsimikizira zotsatirapo. Kuvota kwanu m’mafuko ameneŵa kungathandize kuti masankho a pulezidenti a m’tsogolo achitike.

Chachitatu, dziwani za kusintha kosi ya Electoral College ikupitirizabe m'ma Congress, makhonsati a boma, ndi ophunzira. Ngati muchirikiza dongosolo lamakono, muyanja chivoti chotchuka cha dziko, kapena mukufuna kuona njira zina monga kugaŵiridwa kwa mavoti a voti, nkhani zanu m’nkhani zimene mukukambirana zokhudza mmene America amasankhira atsogoleri ake.

Chachinayi, thandizani ena kumvetsa njirayi. Osankha ambiri amasokonezeka ponena za mmene Electoral College imagwirira ntchito ndi kaya nkhani zawo zovota. Kugawana chidziŵitso cholondola kungachepetse kusokonezeka ndi kulimbikitsa kutengamo mbali. National Archives imapereka mafotokozedwe atsatanetsatane a njira ya Electoral College, ndi USA.

Chomalizira, tsimikizirani kulembetsa kwanu ndi kupanga makonzedwe a kuvota. Masankho alionse amagamulidwa ndi awo amene amawonekera. Kudziŵa malo anu oonera, kuzindikira ziyeneretso za boma lanu, ndi kudziŵa njira zopangira mavoti oyambirira zingachotse zopinga kuti mukhalemo ndi phande. Masheya onga 270toWin [1] vote yosankhidwira ndi kukuthandizani kuona mmene ziyambukiro zosiyana zikukhudzira liŵiro la 270.

Kumaliza

Electoral College ndi mbali yapadera ya masankho a pulezidenti wa ku America amene amagwirizanitsa voti yanu ndi zotsatira za dziko kudzera kwa nkhoswe ya boma. Voti yanu imasankha wosankhidwa amene alandira mavoti a boma lanu, ndipo osankhidwawo amasankha amene amakhala pulezidenti. Pamene kuli kwakuti dongosololi lili ndi onse aŵiri oteteza ndi otsutsa, kuzindikira mmene limagwirira ntchito imakutheketsani kuchita ndi ntchito yosanthula mogwira mtima kwambiri.

Chivoti chilichonse n’chofunika kwambiri. Kaya mukukhala m’dziko limene anthu akutsutsa kapena mukudziŵa bwinobwino, nkhani zanu zikhoza kukhudza mmene anthu amaonera mavotiwo, koma sizingachepetse mfundo yofunika yakuti anthu amene amasankha kuti mawu awo amvedwe.