Maziko a Kukakamiza ndi Kuŵerengera Chilamulo

Lamulo lilipo kuti likhazikitse dongosolo, kutetezera, ndi kulongosola khalidwe lovomerezeka m’chitaganya. Koma kodi nchiyani chimene chimachitika pamene malamulowo aswedwa? Yankho lake nlovuta. Limaphatikizapo kugwirizanitsa kovuta pakati pa mabungwe osungitsa malamulo, madongosolo a zachiweruzo, mabungwe owongolera, ndi njira zamwambo zimene zimapanga kuŵerengera mlandu. kwa ophunzira ndi aphunzitsi akuphunzira za malamulo, chilungamo, kapena makhalidwe abwino, kuzindikira mmene kachitidwe kameneka kakukhalira koyenera pamene kuli kuli ndi kulinganiza kwa chilungamo, chilungamo, ndi ufulu wa munthu aliyense payekha. Nkhaniyi imapereka kuyang'ana kokwanira pa kusungidwa kwa malamulo, ndi mbali yosulitsa mlandu yowomba mlandu kwa awo amene amaswa lamulo ndi mabungwe oyenerera kukhazikitsa.

Ntchito ya Masiku Ano ya Kukakamiza Chilamulo

Mabungwe osungitsa malamulo amatumikira monga lamulo loyambirira la lamulo. Cholinga chawo chachikulu ndicho kuletsa upandu, kufufuza zolingaliridwa kukhala zoswa lamulo, ogwidwa, ndi kuchirikiza lamulo. Komabe, kusungidwa kwa lamulo kwafutukuka kwambiri m'zaka za zana lapitali. Lerolino, apolisi amayembekezeredwa kuchitapo kanthu pa chilichonse kuyambira pa ziwawa zachiwawa mpaka pamavuto a zaumoyo, kuswa malamulo ndi kuswa malamulo m’banja. Lamulo limeneli lapadziko lonse limafunikira kugwirizana kwa chidziŵitso chalamulo, maluso a kutsutsana, ndi kugaŵana mapangano a zaubwenzi.

Ena mwa maudindo amenewa ndi awa:

  • Kuchotsa upandu kupyolera mwa olondera owoneka ndi anthu ndi kupezeka kwa anthu
  • Kuyankha mwamsanga akakuimbirani foni komanso kukuthandizani
  • Kufufuza: kusonkhanitsa umboni, kufunsa mboni, ndi kumanga milandu
  • Kumanga anthu ngati pangakhale chifukwa chomveka
  • Kutsimikizira m’zembe za khoti
  • Kutsatira malamulo a pamsewu ndi kusunga chisungiko cha anthu
  • Kutenga nawo mbali m’maprogramu oletsa upandu ndi m’kulimbana ndi anthu

Kugwira ntchito kwa kusungitsa lamulo kumadalira kwambiri pa kudalirana kwa anthu. Popanda kugwirizana ndi anthu, kuthetsa upandu kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Nchifukwa chake apolisi amakono amagogomezera kwambiri chilungamo cha chikhalidwe cha anthu monga momwe amachitira ndi anthu. Kufufuza kumasonyeza kuti pamene nzika zikhulupirira kuti zachitiridwa mosakondera, iwo amakhala othekera kwambiri kugwirizana ndi lamulo ndi maulamuliro.

Mitundu ya Malamulo Okakamiza

Ku United States, apolisi akugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndipo apolisi a m’mayiko osiyanasiyana ndi amene ali ndi udindo woyang’anira boma.

Madipatimenti a Apolisi Akumaloko

Madipatimenti apolisi apolisi ndi njira yoonekera kwambiri yosungitsira malamulo. Apolisi a m’derali amasamalira milandu m’madera monga kuyendera malo, kuonetsetsa kuti anthu akuyenda m’misewu, ndi kufunsira koyambirira. Madipatimenti akakhala ndi akuluakulu a matauni aang’ono, omwe ali ndi akuluakulu ochepa, mpaka ku mizinda yaikulu monga New York kapena Los Angeles, ndipo apolisi a m’deralo ndi anthu zikwi makumi ambiri amene ayamba kuyankha pa zochitika zambiri.

Maofesi a Bwalo la Komiti ya Komiti

M’madera ambiri, mkulu wa boma amatumikira monga mkulu wa apolisi a m’madera amene saikidwa m’ndende ndipo angayang’anirenso ndende. Akuluakulu a boma nthaŵi zambiri amasankhidwa, ndipo amayambitsa njira yachindunji ya demokalase. Ntchito zawo zingaphatikizepo chitetezo cha khoti, kutumiza zikalata zoyendetsera ntchito za boma, ndi kuyang’anira ntchito yolemba mapepala a boma.

Apolisi a Boma ndi Patrol

Mabungwe a zaudindo a boma amakhazikitsa malamulo a zaulendo m’misewu yaikulu ya m’madera akumidzi, amathandiza madipatimenti a kumaloko ndi zochitika zazikulu, ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri amayang’anira kufufuza kwa upandu kumene kumadutsa malire a chigawo. Maboma ena, monga Pennsylvania ndi Michigan, ali ndi gulu lapolisi la boma limene limapereka malamulo aakulu m’madera akumidzi opanda madipatimenti apolisi akumaloko.

Maboma

Mabungwe osungitsa lamulo a boma akugwira ntchito m’dziko lonselo ndipo amasumika maganizo pa mitundu ina ya upandu. Bungwe la Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) limasamalira milandu yaikulu ya boma yonga ngati uchigaŵenga, upandu wolinganizidwa, ndi upandu wa pa Intaneti. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) imakhazikitsa malamulo oyendetsera zinthu. Bureauer of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firsorives ndi Exlovices (AFOLD) ndi Exption (CP). Kusweka kwa tsatanetsatane kwa mabungwe a boma, kuchezera [FOLD:] Actoption of gulu la zoweruza za . [FLT]

Zotsatirapo za Kuswa Chilamulo

Munthu akapezeka kuti waswa lamulo, zotsatirapo zake zimaposa chilango chopepuka. Amaloŵa m'malamulo, kukhudza maunansi aumwini, ndi kubweretsa mavuto a kakhalidwe ndi chuma. Zotsatirapo zake kaŵirikaŵiri zimagwera m’magulu angapo.

Zotulukapo za Malamulo

Dongosolo lalamulo limakhazikitsa mpambo wa zilango zimadalira pa ukulu wa mlanduwo, mbiri ya upandu wa wolakwayo, ndi ulamuliro. Izi zingaphatikizepo:

  • Mapilo ndi kubwezera: Zilango za ndalama zolipiridwa ku boma kapena kwa mikhole. Malamulo a Restition afuna wochimwayo kubwezera mikhole ya kutaikiridwa.
  • Project: Nthaŵi ya kutulutsidwa koyang'anira m'mudzi, kaŵirikaŵiri yokhala ndi mikhalidwe yonga ngati macheke okhazikika, kupima mankhwala, zofunikira za ntchito, ndi ziletso pa maulendo kapena mayanjano.
  • . . . . . . ntchito ya kusalandira malipiro kaamba ka bungwe losapanga phindu kapena boma, lolinganizidwira kubwezera ku chitaganya.
  • [[FLT: 0] Kusintha: Jail (kanthaŵi, kaŵirikaŵiri chigawo ) kapena ndende (nthaŵi yaitali, boma kapena boma). Ziweruzo za ndende zingasiyane kuyambira pa miyezi kufikira moyo, ndipo maboma ena amalolabe chilango cha imfa kaamba ka milandu yaikulu.
  • Kuweruza kothandiza: Khoti la mankhwala osokoneza bongo, khoti la zaumoyo, kapena maprogramu oletsa amene amasamalira nkhani zazikulu mmalo mwa kudalira pa chilango.

Zilango zimenezi n’zofunika kukwaniritsa zolinga zambiri: chilango (kungopulumukira zipululu), kuletsa (kuchotsapo upandu wamtsogolo), kuchotsa wolakwayo (kuchotsaponso khalidwe lake m’chitaganya), ndi kukonzanso (khalidwe losintha). Kulinganiza kwa zolinga zimenezi kumasiyanasiyana kwambiri m’madera osiyanasiyana ndi m’kupita kwa nthaŵi.

Zotsatirapo za Mayanjano

Kupyola zilango za m'khoti, kuswa lamulo kaŵirikaŵiri kumayambitsa zilango zamphamvu za mayanjano. Cholembedwa chaupandu chingapange zopinga ku ntchito, nyumba, maphunziro, ndi kutumiza kwa akatswiri. Olemba ntchito ambiri amayang'anira mayeso, ndipo chigamulo chaupandu chingachititse munthu kulephera kugwira ntchito zambiri. Maboma a boma angatsutse kuti satha ntchito. Ngakhale atamaliza chilango, anthu okhala ndi mbiri zaupandu angayang'anizane ndi kusiyanitsa anthu ndi tsankho lalamulo

Zotsatirapo za chikhalidwe ndi izi:

  • Zochititsa mbiri: Mabwenzi, banja, ndi ziŵalo za mudzi zingagamule kapena kutalikirana.
  • Kuletsa maunansi: Kulekana kumalekanitsa mabanja, ndipo kupsinjika maganizo kwa milandu kungawononge ukwati ndi maunansi.
  • Ziyambukiro za maganizo ndi zamaganizo: Kuchititsidwa manyazi, liwongo, nkhaŵa, ndi kupsinjika maganizo nzofala. Kudziŵikitsidwa ku dongosolo la chiweruzo laupandu kungakhale kowopsa, makamaka kwa achichepere.
  • Zilolezo za ufulu wa anthu: M'maiko ena, mafelo amataya kuyenera kwa kuvota, kutumikira pa juji, kapena kukhala ndi mfuti. Ziletso zimenezi zingapitirizebe kwa nthaŵi yaitali chigamulocho chitaperekedwa.

Zotsatirapo za Chuma

Kuwononga ndalama kwa kuswa lamulo kuli kochuluka. Malipiro alamulo, ndalama za khoti, malipiro, ndi kubwezera zingafike zikwi zambiri za madola. Kuchotsa kumatanthauza kutayikiridwa ntchito ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri kumatsogolera ku kutaikiridwa ntchito. Ngakhale atamasulidwa, mbiri ya upandu imachepetsa mphamvu ya amuna 10-30%, ndi kuposa akazi. Chiwonkhetso cha anthu / kuphatikizapo apolisi, makhoti, ndi ndende [1]

Kuŵerengera Mlandu m’Chilamulo

Kuŵerengera mlandu kuli njira ya mbali ziŵiri. Pamene kuli kwakuti nzika zipatsidwa mlandu wa kuswa malamulo, osungitsa malamulo iwo eni ayenera kukhala ndi mlandu wa mmene amachitira ulamuliro wawo. Apolisi amatsimikizira kuti apolisi azichita mololedwa, kulemekeza zoyenera zachibadwidwe, ndi kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zawo za makhalidwe abwino. Pamene kuŵerengera mlandu kukutha, kudalira kwa anthu kukutha, ndipo kuyenera kwa dongosolo lonse lachilungamo kumatsutsidwa.

Kuŵerengera Kwachibadwa Machenjera

Madipatimenti a apolisi ambiri ali ndi magaŵano a nkhani za mkati amene amafufuza madandaulo motsutsana ndi apolisi. Pamene apeza, chilango cha mkati chingasiyane ndi kudzudzula kolembedwa, kuchotsa, kapena kutha. Komabe, kufufuza kwa m’kati mwa kampani kwakhala kukutsutsidwa chifukwa cha kusaonekera bwino. Masinthidwe ambiri amayesa kulimbitsa mlandu wa mkati mwa kupempha kufulumira, kufufuza kosamalitsa ndi kuyang’anira kwaumwini.

Kuyang’anira Kwakunja

Makomiti oyang’anira chitaganya, odziŵikanso monga mabungwe openda anthu, amapereka macheke pa mphamvu ya apolisi. Mabungwe ameneŵa, opangidwa ndi ziŵalo za chitaganya kapena akatswiri odziimira, amapenda madandaulo, amavomereza masinthidwe a kachitidwe, ndipo nthaŵi zina ali ndi ulamuliro kwa akuluakulu a boma.

Kuyera Malo ndi Kudziŵa Zinthu

Kusimba kwapoyera kuli chiŵiya champhamvu choŵerengera mlandu. Mabungwe ambiri tsopano amafalitsa chidziŵitso chonena za kugwiritsira ntchito zochitika zankhondo, kumanga, kuima, ndi madandaulo. Bureau of Justice Statistics imasonkhanitsa ndi kusanthula chidziŵitso cha dziko, pamene FBI's FBI’S Crime Reporting program imasonyeza ziŵerengero za upandu. Makamera a m'thupi akhala ofala, kupereka umboni wa vidiyo umene ungathetse mikangano ndi kuchepetsa kusadziletsa. Komabe, nkhaŵa ndi malamulo a zachinsinsi ndi zapansi a pulogalamu adakalibe nkhani zotsutsana.

Kuphunzitsa ndi Kuphunzitsa

Kuwongolera ndiko kuwongolera kwa maziko a kusintha. Nkhani zimaphatikizapo njira zopatsirana, kukondera kotheratu, kuloŵerera kwa mavuto pa mafoni a maganizo, ndi kukonzanso kwalamulo. Madipatimenti ambiri tsopano amafunikira kuphunzitsidwa ndi kulembedwanso kwa zochitika ndi chaka. Kwa kuyang'ana mothamanga pa miyezo ya maphunziro a apolisi, Ploce Idevice Research Forum [1]

Kufufuza za Mlandu: Kukakamiza ndi Kuŵerengera Mlandu

Zitsanzo zenizeni za dziko zimadziŵikitsa ponse paŵiri kupita patsogolo ndi mavuto a kulinganiza malamulo ndi kuŵerengera mlandu.

Kupenda Nkhani 1: Apolisi Asintha Zinthu ku United States

Miy Michael Brown anamwalira ku Ferguson, Missouri (2014, George Floyd ku Minneapolis (2020), ndipo ena ambiri anasonkhezera zionetsero m’dzikolo ndi kuyesayesa kwa kusintha zinthu.

  • Makamera a Body-worn: Tsopano muyezo wa madipatimenti ambiri, makamera ameneŵa asonyezedwa kuchepetsa madandaulo ndi kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu. Komabe, malamulo amasiyana pa nthaŵi imene apolisi ayenera kulemba ndi mmene mapazi amapendedwera.
  • Gwiritsirani ntchito zokonzedwanso za lamulo: Madipatimenti ambiri aletsa malo otsekereza ndi malo oimikapo, amafunikira kuchotsapo ntchito asanagwiritsire ntchito mphamvu, ndi kuloŵerera kolamulidwa pamene apolisi aona mphamvu yopambanitsa.
  • Polishi ya polisi ya chikomyunizimu: Kumanga maunansi kupyolera mwa olondera mapazi okhazikika, misonkhano ya m'dera, ndi kugwirizana ndi magulu a kumaloko kuli ndi cholinga chowonjezera kukhulupirirana ndi kugawana chidziŵitso.
  • Malamulo ovomerezeka: [1] Dipatimenti ya Chiweruzo ingalowe m'mapangano okakamiza a khoti ndi madipatimenti a apolisi ovutika, ofuna kusintha zinthu mwapadera poyang'anira paokha. Zitsanzo zimaphatikizapo malamulo a chivomerezo ku Seattle, New Orleans, ndi Chicago.

Kusintha kumeneku kwatulutsa zotsatirapo zosiyanasiyana. Mizinda ina yaona kuchepa kwa zochitika ndi madandaulo; ina yalimbana ndi kukwaniritsa ndi kubwezera kwa ndale zadziko. Kugwira ntchito kwanthaŵi yaitali kwa njira zimenezi kukufufuzidwabe.

Phunziro Lachiwiri: Malingaliro a Padziko Lonse Okhudza Kuŵerengeredwa Kwawo

Kuyerekezera mayiko osiyanasiyana kumasonyeza kuti apolisi ndiponso anthu ena amadziŵerengera mlandu.

Kufunika kwa Kuŵerengera Mlandu kwa Anthu Olungama

Nchifukwa ninji kuŵerengera mlandu kuli kokulira? Kuŵerengera ndi kumene kumalekanitsa lamulo ndi ulamuliro wa anthu. Pamene anthu / kaya nzika kapena apolisi . angachitirepo kanthu popanda chilango, dongosololo limataya kuyenera kwake. Kuŵerengera kumatsimikizira kuti:

  • Ofesi amaimbidwa mlandu wa kusamvera. Zimenezi zimaletsa nkhanza zamtsogolo ndi kupereka chilungamo kwa ochitiridwa.
  • [[FMT:0] Makombuti amamva kukhala otetezereka ndi olemekezeka. Ndiwo ndalama ya ntchito ya upoto yogwira mtima. Popanda ilo, kuchepetsa kugwirizana ndi upandu zimavuta kuthetsera.
  • Chikhalidwe chachikazi chimadziŵika ndi kukonzedwa. Madongosolo oyambirira a kuloŵerera angafunsize akuluakulu ndi njira zodandaulira, kutheketsa kuphunzitsa kapena kulanga mavuto asanakule.
  • chidaliro chachidziwitso m'malamulo chimasungidwa. Pamene anthu akhulupirira kuti dongosololi nlolungama, iwo ali othekera kwambiri kumvera malamulo, kusimba milandu, ndi kutumikira monga mboni.

Chofunika kwambiri n’chakuti, si kumangolanga chabe khalidwe loipa; koma kukonza dongosolo limene limaphunzitsa ndi kuwongolera.

Mapeto: Kuyang’anizana ndi Dongosolo Lachikatikati la Kukakamizidwa ndi Kuŵerengeredwa

Kuzindikira zimene zimachitika pamene malamulo aswedwa kumafuna zambiri kuposa kungoloŵeza mpambo wa zilango. Kufunikira kulimbana ndi zolinga za chilango, malire a kusungitsa lamulo, ndi mbali yofunika ya kuŵerengera kwa oseŵera onse m’dongosolo la chiweruzo. Kwa ophunzira ndi aphunzitsi, zimenezi siziri malingaliro ongopeka [1] Kuumba moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, chisungiko chapoyera, ndi thanzi la demokrase yeniyeniyo.

Kusungitsa lamulo kogwira mtima kumatetezera anthu ndi kuchirikiza lamulo. Koma popanda kuŵerengera kwamphamvu kwa machitidwe, mphamvu yogwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi apolisi ingafooketse chilungamo chenichenicho chimene amalumbira kutumikira. Madongosolo abwino koposa amaphatikizapo miyezo yalamulo yomvekera bwino ndi kuphunzitsidwa, kuyang’anira, ndi chitsimikizo cha kuwongolera kosalekeza. Amazindikira kuti lamulo lililonse loswa ndi kulephera kwa mtundu winawake , nthaŵi zina ndilo kuŵerengera mlandu kwa munthu, ndipo kuti ndi njira imene timakonza nayo kudalirana ndi kubwezeretsa dongosolo.

Mwa kuphunzira mosamala njira zimenezi, tingathandizire njira zolungama ndi zogwira mtima zolozera malamulo m’madera athu.