Maziko A mbiri Yakusintha kwa Umisiri wa ku Ireland

Nkhani ya zachuma ya Ireland isanafike ma 1990 inali imodzi ya maluso a zaulimi ndi kupanga magetsi. M’zaka za zana la 20, dzikolo linalimbana ndi kukwera kwa malonda, kuchepa kwa maindasitale, ndi kudalira pa ulimi zimene zinalipangitsa kukhala losavuta kuzungulira dziko lonse. Kusinthaku kunabwera ndi kusintha kwa makampani a zamalonda m'ma 1980 ndi 1990, pamene maboma otsatizana anatsatsa malonda achilendo (FI) monga chopimira ku kukula. Industrial Development Authority (IA) inasungidwanso ku mabungwe a kampani a mitundu yonse, makamaka m'zasayansi. Mwakukhala Ireland monga malo a pansi pa msonkho wa ma 1980 ndi wa ma 1990, Angelezi, dziko linayamba kukopa makampani a za tekinoloji aakulu padziko lonse lapansi.

Imodzi ya nkhani zakale zachipambano inali kufika kwa Apple mu 1980, imene inatsegula malo opangira makompyuta ku Cork. Izi zinatsatiridwa ndi Microsoft mu 1985, Intel ndi Dell mu 1990. Kupanga kampani iliyonse kunapanga mafunde, kupanga tcheni la kumaloko ndi thantala ya mainjiniya ndi okonza makompyuta. Pofika chakumapeto kwa 1990, Ireland inakhala malo apakati a pulogalamu ya ku Ulaya, wogulitsa, ndipo pambuyo pake mtambo ndi mautumiki a chidziŵitso. Malinga ndi CD , kutumiza chidziŵitso ndi luso la zolankhula ndi zolankhula ndi zolankhula ndi anthu (ICT) inayamba kuchuluka kwambiri pakati pa ma-00,000 mpaka 200,000, popanga makampani ena a zapamwamba a za kampani a zamakono.

Kuyenda Mofulumira kwa Oyendetsa Magalimoto Oyenda Pamadzi

Lamulo la Msonkho ndi Kusintha Ndalama

Mutu wa nkhani yaikulu wa kampani ya Ireland wa 12,5% pa malipiro a malonda [1] malo a malonda kuyambira 2003. Izi zikukhalabe chimodzi cha zotsika kwambiri m'dziko lotukuka. Izi, pamodzi ndi boma la msonkho limene limalola kuchepetsa zinthu zanzeru (IP) ndi dongosolo la dziko limene silimakhoma ndalama zachilendo, lapanga Ireland kukhala malo osankhirapo anthu amene akufuna kuchepetsa msonkho wawo wapadziko lonse. Mu 2020, chiŵerengero cha msonkho wogwira ntchito ya makampani ambiri a tekinoloji a United States mu Ireland chinayerekezeredwa kukhala chapamwamba kwambiri pa mlingo wa statory, chifukwa cha kutumiza maluso owonjezera ndi kuperekedwa kwa ndalama za IP yolembedwa kwa dziko la Ireland. OECD's Erouon ndi Shift Shift (BP) ndi kuchepetsa kwa kampani yamakono yapadziko lonse la Ireland, chiwonetso cha chiwonetso cha chiwonetsere cha chiwonetso cha chija cha chiwongoletso cha chiwongo cha chija cha chitukuko cha chitukuko cha chitukuko cha kukwera m'dziko chakunja chaku

Kusunga Ndalama m’Dzinesi ndi Paipi ya Talent

Dongosolo la maphunziro la Ireland, ndi chigogomezero champhamvu pa sayansi, luso la zopangapanga, ndi masamu (STEM), lapanga antchito amene anthu a m'mayiko osiyanasiyana amakopeka kwambiri. Dzikolo nthaŵi zonse limaika malo apamwamba a [FLT Dublin, University Dublin, ndi Dublin City University limakhala ndi kugwirizana kwapafupi ndi mabizinesi kudzera m'maprogramu a maphunziro a ofufuza ndi mayanjano. Boma la Sylights Development ndi mathero ake monga Science Foundation (g. g., 5Gte, 5, , Aunicech, ndi enanso a sayansi ya yunivesite ya Dublin City, likulimbitsa kwambiri ntchito za makampani kudzera m'maseŵero a maphunziro a ofufuza. Maboma a Syclements Forcement ndi mathekiertment a sayansi a Ireland (G., 5G., 5k.)

Mapindu a Malo Ozungulira ndi Chinenero

Dera la Ireland limapereka phindu lapadera: lili kumadzulo kwa Ulaya ndi mpweya ndi mayanjano a nyanja ponse paŵiri ku United ndi misika ya kontinenti. Malo a Chingelezi amachotsa zopinga za zinenero za United States za mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuchepetsa mtengo wogwirizana ndi kutembenuza, kugonjera kwa lamulo, ndi utumiki wa ogula. Kuwonjezera apo, makampani a Ireland a Yuropu amathandiza makampani kupeza malo a malonda a anthu 450 miliyoni, popanda kugulitsa katundu kapena mautumiki ogulitsidwa m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Makampani a tekinoloji amene amatumiza makamaka ntchito za magetsi , mapulatifomu, kutsatsa malonda, mabizinesi, ndi mabizinesi a kutumiza makampani a ku Ulaya mu Ireland ndi kutumikira EUS onse kuchokera ku kampani imodzi yamphamvu.

Chichirikizo cha Boma ndi Kusonkhezera R&D

Boma la Ireland lawonjezera pa misonkho yotsika ndi ndalama zothandizira anthu kupeza chithandizo ndi kupereka ndalama zofunikira ndi zothandizira kufufuza ndi kupita patsogolo. Asayansi a Chitukuko, omwe anayambitsidwa mu 2004, amalola makampani kupempha ndalama zokwana 25% zothandizira kuyenerera ndalama za R&D. Mabungwe a boma onga Enterprise Ireland ndi Science Foundation apereka ndalama zothandizira maprojective, kuthandiza kuyambitsa ndi kukhazikitsa makampani ofanana. “DA Development Bhokisi” (206) imapatsa mtengo wa msonkho wotsika pa phindu la ndalama zopezedwa ndi kutulukira IP kudzera mwa kudziko la Ireland. Maluso ameneŵa alimbikitsa makampani kusangotsalira malonda ndi malonda ku Ireland komanso kuchita ntchito zapamwamba zofufuza. Mwachitsanzo, potengera, Pftixdictive Dublin ndi Microscovessss, pamene kulibe ku Ireland, IPid, kuIrrish, zotsatira zake zapamwamba, za ku Ireland, ndi kutumiza kwa zikalata zaulimi zaulimi.

Njira Zazikulu Zogulitsa Magulu ndi Mabungwe

Kuthandiza Makompyuta ndi Mitambo

Maprogramu a programu akutumiza kunja a dziko la Ireland amalamulira chithunzi cha kutumiza zinthu kunja. Mabungwe onga Microsoft, Google, ndi mabuku ena a m'mitambo yapamwamba kupyolera mwa dziko la Ireland, akupindula ndi boma la msonkho ndi kupezeka kwa EU. Maboma a ku Ireland a Microsoft ku Dublin ndi Cork amagwiritsira ntchito anthu oposa 2,000 ndi kutumiza ma Office 365, Azure, ndi zinthu zina zapansi za mtambo ku Ulaya ku Dublin. Likulu la Googleat ku Dublin limagwiritsira ntchito anthu oposa 8,000 ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri za EU yotsatsatsa malonda a EUC, zimene zimaikidwa monga ntchito yogulitsa ya magetsi yogulitsa ya padziko lonse. Malinga ndi makampani a Ireland (CSO), kutumiza makompyuta oposa 20,000 biliyoni mu 20222, kuimira pafupifupi 40% a mautumiki onse a Ireland.

Makina Opangidwa ndi Makina Otchedwa Semi genoides

Pamene kuli kwakuti Ireland imadziŵika kwambiri chifukwa cha mapulogalamu ndi mautumiki, zipangizo zamagetsi zimagwiranso ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Intel’s projective ku Leixlip, County Kildare, ndi imodzi ya malo ake aakulu kwambiri opangira zinthu kunja kwa United States, kupanga mapulogalamu ndi zidutswa za zinthu zokumbukira za m'microso ndi zidutswa za m'mafakitale apadziko lonse. Kampaniyi yakhala ndi ndalama zoposa biliyoni 2020 pofutukula mapulogalamu ake a Ireland kuyambira m'ma 1990, kuphatikizapo kutumiza makompyuta, ndi zinthu zojambula zamagetsi kuchokera ku Ireland biliyoni yoposa CO20, mogwirizana ndi ntchito za malonda a CS.

Kutsatsa Mafoni ndi Makompyuta

Gawo lachitatu lalikulu ndi la kutsatsa malonda ndi makompyuta. Makampani a ku Ireland amagulitsa madera ambiri a ku Ulaya, Middle East, ndi Africa. Ogwirizana ndi In, Twitter (tsopano X), ndi Makampani a pa Intaneti a Amazon akhazikitsa ntchito zazikulu ku Ireland kuti atumikire zipinda zawo za EU. Makampaniwa amatumiza malo otsatsira mauthenga a makompyuta, malo osungirako zinthu, ndi zothandizira kuti agulitse malonda. Mu 2021, ndalama zimene kampaniyi yathandiza kugulitsa malonda a Ireland inali 80%, kuonetsa kufunika kwake.

Kusintha Zinthu za M’mayiko Akunja Kumakhudza Chuma ndi Makhalidwe a Anthu

Ntchito ndi Kufutukuka

Kampani ya zaumisiri yakhala wolemba ntchito wamkulu wa antchito aluso kwambiri. Malinga ndi kunena kwa IDA Ireland, anthu oposa 250,000 amalembedwa ntchito mwachindunji m'mayiko akunja m'mbali zonse, ndipo ndalama zambiri za kampani ya ICT zimaposa pa 600,000 pachaka. Zimenezi zawonjezera kukwera kwa ndalama za nyumba ndi kumanga m'madera akumzinda, maofesi, ndi malo apamwamba, makamaka ku Dublin. Kukwera kwa antchito amakono kwawonjezeranso ndalama zogulitsidwa, malonda, ndi makampani ochereza alendo. Komabe, zimenezi zathandizira kukwera kwa avareji ya nyumba ndi kumanga m'matauni, kuyambitsa chisonkhezero cha anthu a m'malo akwawo, ndi kutsutsana ponena za kupita patsogolo kwa madera.

Ndalama Zogulitsidwa ndi Zowonongedwa ndi Anthu Onse

Malisiti a msonkho a kampani ya zasayansi asintha ndalama za boma ku Ireland. Mu 2022, ndalama za msonkho wa makampani zinafika pa K2023 biliyoni, kuposa kaŵiri chiwerengero cha anthu a ku United States kuchokera ku mayiko osiyanasiyana, ndipo zambiri za zimenezi zinachokera ku mayiko osiyanasiyana, ndi ziphanga zazikulu zopereka gawo lalikulu. Kugunda kumeneku kwathandiza boma la Ireland kumanga ndalama zachuma, kuchepetsa ngongole, ndi kuwonjezera ndalama zogulira thanzi, maphunziro, ndi maziko. Otsutsa akuti kudalira kwambiri anthu ochepa a m'mayiko osiyanasiyana kumapangitsa kuti ayambe kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo a msonkho kapena makampani a za boma ayamba kuvomereza kuti boma la Ireland likhale ndi ndalama zofunikira pa moyo, ndiponso kuti likhale ndi ndalama zambiri zowonjezera pathayo.

Anthu Okonda Maphunziro ndi Maphunziro

Kupezeka kwa makampani a zaumisiri kwasonkhezera kuikizira zinthu zakuthupi (kusinthasintha kwa malo, malo a makompyuta) ndi kulimbikitsa kuyambika kwa malo ozoloŵereka a Dublin “Silicon Docks . dera la dersilic chigawo cha derelic chigawo, ndi iko tsopano nyumba zamakono zokhalamo Google, Facebook, Licedia, Linkded In, ndi zambiri za kuyambika kwa zinthu. Zinthu zachilengedwe zapanga kutumiza zinthu zamakono ku Ireland, monga Intercom (Chomfolta), kutchuka kwa ntchito, ndi Price (kulipira ndalama zapansi), zoyambitsidwa ndi abale a ku Ireland, ngakhale kuti zinapangidwa ndi akuluakulu a ku US). Makampaniwawawawa ayamba kutumiza ku Ireland kulanda mayiko a ku mayiko akutalia.

Mavuto Amene Anakumana Nawo

Kudalira Olimba ndi Asonkhezero

Ireland amadalira pa chiŵerengero chochepa cha makampani a tekinoloji a United States mwina ndi vuto lake lalikulu kwambiri. Ngati makampani asanu otchuka akonzanso ntchito zawo za ku Ulaya [1] Kubwerera ku madera a ku Ireland chifukwa cha kusintha kwa masinthidwe, mikangano ya msonkho, kapena njira za kampani zikusintha zinthu pa kutumiza dziko la Ireland, ntchito, ndiponso ndalama za msonkho zidzakhala zowopsa. Kusintha kwa misonkho ya bungwe la OECD (Pillar II), kumene kudzapereka ndalama zokwana 15% za msonkho ku mayiko ambiri, kukuchepetsa kale kukongola kwa dziko la Ireland 12.5%. Pamene kuli kwakuti Ireland idakali ndi malire opikisana pa ndalama zambiri zapamwamba, ndalama zosiyanasiyana n’zochepa. Akatswiri ena akuneneratu kuti makampani ena angapereke ndalama zowonjezereka kuti apeze ndalama zoyendetsera ndalama za mayiko ena monga Netherlands, koma akuchepetsanso malamulo a Netherlands.

Nyumba ndi Malo Omangapo Nyumba

Kukula kwa makampani a zaumisiri kwawonjezera kusoŵa kwa nyumba, makamaka ku Dublin kumene zinthu zatsopano sizikufunidwa. Pa avareji ya nyumba ku Dublin tsopano ndi imodzi mwa ndalama zapamwamba kwambiri ku Ulaya mogwirizana ndi ndalama, zikumapangitsa kuti antchito achinyamata azivutika kuphatikizapo anthu a za tekinoloji . Boma layamba kukonza nyumba za malo osungira nyumba, koma kubereka kwakhala kochedwa. Zoyendera za anthu, makamaka m’matauni oyenda, kuwonjezera vutolo. Ngati nkhani zimenezi sizikupezekabe, angalephere kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zapamwamba zamakono ndi zopangira ndalama, makamaka monga malo opikisana a ku Ulaya (m., Lisbon, Amsterdam, Barcelona) kukonzanso malo awo a zamakono.

Kuopsa kwa Zandale ndi za Malamulo

Monga chiwonjezeko chaching'ono cha zachuma, Ireland ali ndi chisinthiko chachikulu pa madongosolo apadziko lonse a malonda, malamulo a EU, ndi maulamuliro andale za United States. Kupenda kosalekeza kwa Big Tech ndi European Commission . Nkhani zoyambira pa mautumiki a magetsi ndi zachinsinsi kukhudzana ndi zachinsinsi za makampani (GDPR) kufikira nkhani zotsutsa za anthu odalirana ndi kusatsatsa malonda a magetsi . Makampani ankhondo a United States a kukonzanso mmene amagwirira ntchito yawo ku Ireland. Mwachitsanzo, kuyendetsa kwa bungwe la Egetmatment Mecting Act kungachepetse mphamvu ya mapulatimenti aakulu ya mautumiki, kukhoza kusokoneza njira zomangira malonda zimene zimadalira pa kutsatsatsa malonda ndi kutsatanso njira zamalonda. M'ponso kuwonjezeka kwa malonda ku UK, kufalikira kwa EU ku Britain kwa kukwera kwa mapangano kwatsopano.

Mpikisano Wochititsa Chidwi ndi Kusintha kwa Malonda

Antchito a ku Ireland, ngakhale kuti ndi ophunzira kwambiri, ndi aang'ono kwambiri (omwe akuwonjezera mphamvu ya anthu 2.6 miliyoni). Kagulu ka zaumisiri kayamba kale kupikisana ndi mafakitale ena aluso. Malo a ntchito za maprogramu, sayansi, ndi kampani ya Intaneti akuvuta kukwaniritsa, ndipo ntchito zambiri zikukwaniritsidwa ndi antchito otsegulidwa, zimene zikutsendereza mphamvu za anthu oloŵa m’dzikolo. Zaka zaposachedwapa, Ireland yaona kuti kuwonjezeka kwa achinyamata achiairishi a kuwonjezera misika (momwe timaso ndi Switzerland) ndipo zafunikira kukopa antchito ochokera kumaiko ena a EU, India, ndi Brazil. Mapeto a malire otsegulira malire pakati pa UK ndi EU Brexit achepetsanso kukwera kwa matale ku Ireland. Kupititsa patsogolo kwake, kuwonjezera ntchito yake ya zaulimi, ku Ireland ndi kuwonjezera maphunziro a kuwonjezera kuwonjezera kuyendetsa ntchito, kuphatikizaponso matale.

Zimene Tikuyembekezera M’tsogolo: Kuthetsa Maukwati ndi Kukhalabe Olimba

Luso la zofalitsa za chipambano la Ireland silikutsimikizira kuti lidzapitiriza. Chitsanzo chimene chinawonjezera kukwera kwa misonkho ya makampani, antchito olankhula Chingelezi, ndi ziŵalo za EU [1] chidakali champhamvu koma chikuyang'anizana ndi kutsika kwa kukonzanso misonkho ya dziko lonse, mavuto a nyumba, ndi kupikisana kowonjezereka kuchokera ku malo ena a zasayansi a ku Ulaya. Komabe, Ireland wasonyeza mphamvu ya kusintha. Soapbot Labbs (atch) njira za kusinthitsa kwa makompyuta, luso la zobiriŵira, ndi sayansi monga malo ofunika kwambiri kuti asamukire kutsogolo.

Kuchotsako kuli kofunika kwambiri. Ngati Ireland ikhoza kuchepetsa kudalira kwake pa anthu ochepa a m'mayiko osiyanasiyana a United States, ikukopa R&D kutulukira tekinoloji (AI, quantam computing, biopharma), ndi kuyambitsa makampani ake kutumiza ku mayiko ena padziko lonse, ikhoza kuchepetsa maupandu a kusintha kwa malamulo a msonkho ndi kusokonezeka kwa zandale. Boma lachititsanso chidwi kuyambitsa “technoloji ya green" kugulitsa kunja, kuyendetsa mphamvu za mphepo za Ireland ndi gulu lomakula la makampani amagetsi oyendetsa galimoto, kutumiza mathiro, ndi programup ya kuŵerengera mlandu wa carbon.

Kufalikira kwa dziko la Ireland monga nyumba yamagetsi yotumizira zinthu kumapereka maphunziro a zachuma zina zazing'ono. Zikusonyeza kuti kuphatikiza malamulo apadera, kuyendetsa ndalama m'dziko, ndi kumasuka ku kutsatsa malonda achilendo kungafulumize kuyambitsidwa. Komabe kumagogomezeranso kuchuluka kwa maluso a kupikisana kwa chitsanzo choterocho . Kupanda kulingana, kusalingana, ndi kusokonezeka kwa kunja. Ngati Ireland angakhoze kuyendetsa mavuto ameneŵa ndi kuchirikiza kukula kwake kochokera kunja kwa dziko lapansi kungadalira pa kukhoza kwake kuyambitsanso mapindu ake opikisana kwa zaka khumi zikubwerazi.

[[FLT: 0] Ndi chidziŵitso chotengedwa ku Central Statistics Office ya Ireland, OECD, ndi IDA ya pachaka ya Ireland. [[FLT: 1]