Kodi Kuvomereza Chiŵeniŵeni Nchiyani?

Kupereka mlandu kwa boma ndiko maziko a makina a lamulo operekera chilango. Ndi njira imene zipani zachinsinsi , mabizinesi, mabungwe osakhala a phindu, kapena mabungwe a boma . Kubweretsa mkangano pamaso pa khoti kuti afune mankhwala. Mosiyana ndi maupandu, kumene boma limaimba mlandu munthu wina chifukwa cha kuswa lamulo la chilango, kuphwanya malamulo a boma, kuvomerezana ndi ufulu, mathayo, ndi mavuto a pakati pa anthu opanga malonda osakhala a boma. Cholinga chake sichili chilango koma kubwezera, kuchitapo kanthu, kapena chiweruzo chachigamulo.

Zigawenga zofala zotsutsa milandu ndi izi:

  • Kutsutsana – kuswa chigwirizano, kumasulira mawu, kapena kusungitsa ntchito za pangano.
  • Kutsutsana kwa properti [ - mizera ya malire, mikangano ya malo okhala, zopeputsa, kapena zonena za mwini.
  • Amanena kuti – kuvulala kwa munthu, kuipitsa, kunyalanyaza, kapena kuvulaza katundu.
  • [[FL:0] Lamulo la banja limakhudza nkhani [ – chisudzulo, kusunga ana, chichirikizo cha ukwati, ndi kulera ana.
  • Mikangano yothetsa – kuchotsa kolakwika, tsankho, malipiro ndi kuswa kwa ola.
  • Mabizinesi ndi malonda [ – mikangano ya kugwirizana, kudodometsa chuma cha luntha, machitidwe a kugawana.

Kutsutsa kwachiŵeniŵeni kumaphatikizanso machitidwe a kalasi, kumene ofufuza ambiri pamodzi amaimba mlandu woimbidwa mlandu, ndi zikalata za boma kumene chipani chimatsutsa chigamulo cha boma. Kumvetsetsa njira ya kugamula [[FLT: 0] n’kofunika kwa aliyense woloŵetsedwamo kapena kuphunzira lamulo, chifukwa chakuti kumavumbula mmene dongosolo la malamulo limasinthira nkhondo yosaiŵalika kukhala lamulo loyenera kutsatiridwa.

Lamulo la Upandu: Kusiyana Kokulira

Kumvetsa bwino kwambiri kutsutsa kwachiŵeniŵeni, kumathandiza kusiyanitsa lamulo lachifwamba ndi lamulo. Mlandu wa boma (wozunza) umabweretsa milandu pa munthu kapena gulu loimbidwa mlandu wa kuswa lamulo. Mtolo wa umboni ndi “kuposa kukayikira kwenikweni, [1] muyezo wapamwamba kwambiri woonekeratu. Malamulo amaphatikizapo kumangidwa, malipiro operekedwa kwa boma, kapena kuperekedwa. M'kaudindo, m'kaumboni (gulu la ) amanyamula chitsimikizo cha [FLT:] [[FLT]] [umboni wapamwamba kwambiri]. – kutanthauza kuti wopangidwayo si woyenerera.

Kusiyana kwina kofunika: m'milandu yachiŵeniŵeni, maphwando kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala omasuka kukhazikika pamlingo uliwonse, pamene milandu yaupandu kaŵirikaŵiri imaloŵetsamo kuweruza ndi kuchonderera koma siingathetsedwe ndi woimbidwa mlandu yekha. Kugamula kwachiŵeniŵeni kumalolanso kuimira kwa mwini (prose) [FLT ,] mosavuta kwambiri kuposa khoti laupandu, ngakhale kuti maloya amavomerezedwa mwamphamvu.

Maziko a Kufalitsa Mabodza Achiŵeniŵeni

Kudziwiratu kuti anthu ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi, ngakhale kuti malamulo enieni amasiyanasiyana malinga ndi malire a dziko (bwalo lamilandu la boma).

1. Kuyamba Kufuna Kugula ndi Kufuna

Asanalembe mlandu, magulu ambiri amayesa kuthetsa mkangano wawo mwamwaŵi. Mbali imeneyi imaphatikizapo kukambirana mwachindunji, kutumiza kalata yolembedwa , kapena kuloŵerera m'chigamulo choyambirira chotsutsana. Kalata yofuna imafotokoza zinenezo, maumboni ochirikiza, ndi kuthetsera kofunidwa. Ikhoza kusonkhezera wotsutsayo kukambitsirana kapena kuvumbula zofooka m’nkhaniyo. Mapangano ena amafuna “kaumboni ndi mankhwala asanayambe kuyankha mlandu, makamaka pomanga kapena potsutsana ndi ntchito.

Kufufuza kwapasadakhale kumaphatikizaponso kusonkhanitsa umboni woyamba, kusunga zikalata zoyenerera, ndi kupenda ubwino wa lamulo. Malamulo kaŵirikaŵiri amatsogolera kusanthula [[FLT: 0] kwa ndalama zopimira [1] kutsimikizira ngati suti ili yoyenerera mwachuma, kulingalira zokhoza kuwonongeka, ndalama zowonongedwa, ndi kuthekera kwa chipambano.

Kuthetsa Kudandaula

Ngati zoyesayesa za kupeka zilephera, wotsutsayo ayambitsa mlanduwo mwa kukonza profict ndi khoti loyenerera. Chidandaulocho chiyenera kuphatikizapo:

  • Mawu a m’mutu kapena maina a zigaŵengazo ndi khoti.
  • Maziko a mlanduwo – chifukwa chake bwalo lamilandu limeneli lili ndi ulamuliro wa kumvetsera mlanduwo (mwachitsanzo, ulamuliro wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kapena nkhani ya boma).
  • Kambitsirano ya zenizeni – nkhani yomvekera bwino, yolembedwa mwatsatanetsatane ya zimene zinachitika.
  • Zochititsa kuchita zinthu kapena kunena kuti ndi mlandu weniweni (kusintha kwa pangano, kusasamala, ndi zina zotero) zochirikizidwa ndi zinenezo zenizeni.
  • Pemphero lopempha mpumulo – zimene wansembe akufuna kuti bwalo lamilandu lilamule (machenjera, lamulo, chiweruzo choluluza).

Pamodzi ndi dandaulolo, wotsutsa angalembe chivomerezo cha lamulo loletsa kwakanthaŵi (TRO) [1] kapena lamulo loyambirira ngati pafunikira chithandizo cha mwamsanga kutetezera kuvulala. Malipiro a Filing amasiyana; milandu ya khoti ya boma pa $42 (monga 2025), ndipo makhoti a boma ali ndi ndalama zofanana.

Kuthandiza

Ataimbidwa mlandu, mtolankhani ayenera kudziŵitsa woimbidwa mlanduyo mwalamulo. Sitepe limeneli limatchedwa nkhokwe zovomerezeka za ntchito . Woimbidwa mlanduyo amalandira kope la chidandaulo ndi mafomu . Lamulo la khoti lofuna yankho m'masiku owerengeka (pambuyo pake masiku 21 a khoti la boma, masiku 30 kwa makhoti ambiri a boma). Njira zovomerezeka za utumiki zimaphatikizapo:

  • Utumiki waumwini [[FLT ] – kugaŵira zikalatazo kwa woimbidwa mlandu.
  • Utumiki woikidwa - – kusiya zikalata kwa wachikulire wathayo panyumba kapena malo a bizinesi ya woimbidwa mlandu ndi kutumiza kope.
  • Kuthandiza ndi posi – yololedwa m'madera ena ndi umboni wa lisiti.
  • Kuthandiza ndi chofalitsidwa – kugwiritsiridwa ntchito pamene woimbidwa mlandu sangathe kupezeka; madansi amafalitsidwa m’nyuzipepala.

Kutumikira koyenera kuli lamulo lalamulo − iko kumatsimikizira woimbidwa mlanduyo kukhala ndi mwaŵi wa kumvedwa. Kulephera kutumikira bwino kungachedwetse mlanduwo kapena kutulukapo m’kuchotsedwa.

Zimene Msilikali Woteteza Anachita

Ataperekedwa, woimbidwa mlanduyo ayenera kuyankha kapena kuika pangozi chiweruzo chachisawawa [1]. Zotsatira zake za yankho zimaphatikizapo:

  • Kuyankha [1] – kuvomereza kapena kukana chinenezo chirichonse m’kudandaula, ndi kukulitsa chitetezero (m., lamulo la kulephera, kulephera, kudziimira).
  • . . . . . . . kukana – kunena kuti kudandaulako kumalephera kunena, kulibe ulamuliro, kapena kuli kosakwanira mwalamulo. Kutchedwanso Lamulo 12(b) (6) m'khoti la boma.
  • qualium – woimbidwa mlandu akuneneza kuti akutsutsana ndi kukwera kwa malonda kapena zochitika zofanana.
  • Cross-claim [FLT :1] – kutsutsana ndi co-party (mogwiritsiridwa ntchito pamene oimbidwa mlandu ambiri aphatikizidwa).

Woimbidwa mlanduyo angasamutsirenso mlanduwo kumalo ena ngati khoti losankhidwalo lili losayenera kapena losayenera.

Kutulukira zinthu 5.

Nthaŵi zambiri n’kamodzi kokhala ndi nthaŵi yaitali ndiponso kodula kwambiri potsutsa za boma. Cholinga chake n’kulola mbali zonse ziŵiri kupeza umboni kwa mbali ziŵiri ndi mbali zitatu. Ziŵiya zogwiritsa ntchito zimaphatikizapo:

  • [[FULT:0] Kudziwitsa – mafunso olembedwa amene ayenera kuyankhidwa pansi pa lumbiro, makamaka 25 m’khoti la boma.
  • Mapangano opangira [ – kufuna mapepala, mafaelo amagetsi, ma email, kapena zinthu zakuthupi.
  • Malo – kusanthula kwapakamwa kwa umboni (kapena wosakhala mbali) pansi pa lumbiro, ndi mtolankhani wa khoti. Mabomba angatenge maola ambiri ndipo amagwiritsiridwa ntchito kutsekera umboni ndi kutsimikizira kukhulupirika.
  • Mapempho kaamba ka kuloledwa – kupempha wotsutsa kuvomereza kapena kukana nsonga zenizeni ku kuchepetsa nkhani.
  • Subpoenas – zogwiritsiridwa ntchito kukakamiza makampani osakhala mbali kupanga zikalata kapena umboni.

Chiwonjezeko cha kutulukira nchachikulu: “Chinthu chilichonse chopanda ufulu chimene chili choyenerera ku chonena kapena kudzitetezera kwa chipani chilichonse ndi chogwirizana ndi zosoŵa za chochitikacho” (Ulamuliro Wachibadwidwe wa Chiŵeniŵeni 26(b)(1). Magawo angayendetse zinthu m’njira zosiyanasiyana kukakamiza ngati mbali inayo imakana kugwirizana ndi, kapena malamulo otetezera kuchepetsa kutulukira kochitidwa mwachipongwe. Kutulukira kwamagetsi (kubisa) kwakhala malo aakulu, ogwirizanitsidwa ndi ma email, mameta, ndi makampani oulutsira mawu a makampani a kanema.

6. Kuyenda Pasadakhale

Atatulukira, mapwando angalembe zinthu mwamwambo kuti athetse nkhaniyo popanda kuyesa kwambiri.

  • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
  • Motion mu limine – akupempha khoti kuchotsa umboni wina kuti usaperekedwe pa mlandu (m' lekuatiso, mphekesera, zithunzithunzi zokokomeza).
  • . . . . . kuchotsa umboni wa akatswiri – kutokosa kuthekera kwa umboni waluso pansi pa Daubert muyezo wa makhoti a boma.
  • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kuyenda m’njira yapambuyo poyesa milandu kungafupikitse kwambiri mlandu kapena kukhazikitsa poyambira posonyeza nyonga ndi zofooka za mbali iliyonse.

Kuzenga Mlandu

Ngati mlanduwo ukhalabe ndi moyo mwamwambo, umapitiriza kuzenga mlandu. Mayeso angakhale ziyeso za bench (kugamula mlandu) kapena mayeso (chosankha). M'khoti, Seventh Amendment imatsimikizira kuyenera kwa mlandu wa ajuli m'nkhani za anthu zoposa $20. Malamulo ozenga mlanduwo amaphatikizapo:

  • [[FUL:0] mawu otsegulira [[FL:1] - mbali iliyonse imandandalika umboni umene angapereke.
  • Coptictiff’s cho 'partiff' pamutu' – umboni, zikalata, ndi zisonyezero.
  • Chochitika cha Defentant ... – kudzitetezera kumapereka umboni ndipo kungatche mboni.
  • [[MLT:0] Kutsutsa ndi shortal – umboni wochepa wonena za nkhani zatsopano.
  • Zigomeko zomveka [ ] – mbali iliyonse imafupikitsa umboni ndi kulimbikitsa chigamulo.
  • Malangizo a jury [ – woweruza akuuza ajuli lamulo logwira ntchito ndi mmene angachitire dala.
  • Vict [[FLT :1] – juli (kapena woweruza) amalengeza chigamulo ndi unyinji wa zowonongeka, ngati ziripo.

Ziyeso zingatengere tsiku limodzi mpaka miyezi ingapo, malinga ndi kuvuta kwa zinthu. Nkhani zamalonda zapamwamba zingaphatikizepo mboni zambiri ndi zionetsero zikwizikwi.

8. Kuyenda ndi Kukopana Pambuyo pa Kulira

Pambuyo pa chigamulo, chipani cholepheracho chingalembe njira zotsatizana pambuyo pa milandu monga:

  • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kugwetsa chigamulo cha jaji ya jaji chifukwa palibe juli yomveka imene ikanafikira pa chigamulo chimenecho.
  • Kuweruza mlandu watsopano – amatsutsa kuti zolakwa mkati mwa kuzenga mlandu (m’chitsanzo, umboni wosayenera, kusamvera kwabwino) kunalepheretsa munthu amene walephera kuzengedwa mlandu.
  • Kusintha kapena kukonza chiweruzo – kufunafuna kusintha kwa ndalama zoperekera mphotho kapena zokhoza kuposerapo.

Ngati woweruza walephera kuweruza, chipanicho chingaike pa khoti lapamwamba. Zipilo sizikuchitikanso; zimapenda zolakwa zalamulo zochitidwa ndi woweruza woweruza. Wopereka mlanduyo amatumiza kafupi, yankho, ndipo nthaŵi zina kutsutsana kwa pakamwa kumasungidwa. Khoti la appellete likhoza kutsimikizira, kubwezera, kubwezera, kubwezera mlandu watsopano, kapena kukonza chiweruzo. Pambuyo pake kudandaulako kwatha (kapena nthaŵi ya apilo), chiweruzo chingakhale chomaliza. Kuyankha kwa mayankhidwe, kupempha maakaunti, kapena kugona pa katundu.

Kulimbana Kosiyana Kothetsa Vuto (ADR)

Chifukwa chakuti kutsutsa kwa boma kungakhale kokwera mtengo, kochedwa, ndi kovutitsa maganizo, makhoti ambiri ndi zipani zimatembenukira ku Alternidative Dispute Resolution (ADR) . ADR imapereka njira zothetsera mikangano popanda kuzenga mlandu, kaŵirikaŵiri popanda kutsata malamulo ndi kulamulira kokulirapo kwa magawo.

Kusintha

Mu mediacttion, mbali yachitatu (mkhalapakati) imatheketsa kukambitsirana pakati pa mamembala. Mkhalapakati sakakamiza chosankha koma amathandizira mbali iriyonse kumvetsetsa lingaliro la wina ndi njira zopezera zokhalira. Mediation ndi yogwirizanitsa [1] ngati mapanganowo safika pa pangano lolembedwa. Mabwalo ambiri amafuna kukambitsirana asanazengedwe monga mkhalidwe wa kuyang'anira milandu. Malinga ndi U.S.

Kusintha kwa Malamulo

Kusintha ndi ntchito kumaphatikizapo woyang'anira (kapena gulu) amene amamva umboni kumbali zonse ziŵiri ndi kukhazikitsa chosankha chosatha. Kuli ngati kuzengedwa mlandu kwaumwini, koma malamulo a umboni ali ofeŵetsedwa, ndipo nthaŵi yachidule. Ndalama zambiri ndi ntchito zimaphatikizapo ziganizo zofunikira zachisawawa. Malamulo aakulu ndi omalizira; mayeso a bungwe la Federal Arbitration Act amakakamiza mapangano ambiri oletsa kugamula. Makhoti ena amaperekanso [[FLT: 0] Court-anter-antex arbit tract tration kutsatation. Mapindulo aakulu ndi omalizira; mayambo a chilo chosamveka kuperekedwa.

Kugwirizana ndi Misonkhano ya Kukhazikika

Kukambitsirana kwachindunji pakati pa maloya (kapena mamembalawo) kudakali njira yofala kwambiri yogawira. Oweruza angasungenso misonkhano yokhudza anthu kumene amalimbikitsa zigawenga kugamula mlandu. Kukhazikika kukhoza kuchitika panthaŵi iliyonse. Ziwerengero zochokera ku Komiti ya Amelika ya [[FLT:] [FLT]] zimasonyeza kuti milandu 95% ya anthu isanaiike mlandu usanaweruzidwe.

Zotayika, Nthaŵi, ndi Kulingalira Kwabwino

Kupereka ndalama zothandizira anthu kuntchito kapena m’kalasi si kotsika. Ndalama zolipirira ndalama zambiri zingasiyane ndi madola zikwi zingapo chabe kuti anthu apange pangano lokwanira kuti agwire ntchito yosatsatsa malonda kapena ya m’kalasi. Malipiro a mamalita a makampani odziwa bwino angapitirira madola 500 pa ola limodzi. Nthawi zambiri anthu amene alephera kulipira ndalama ku khoti (malipiro, ndalama zolipirira pepala, ndalama zolipirira ntchito yochitira umboni, koma ku United States, mbali iliyonse imakhala ndi ndalama zakeyake pokhapokha ngati agwirizana kapena asintha. Malamulo ena amatengera ndalama zothandizira kuti atuluke ngati apeza bwino).

Kuŵerengera nthaŵi kuchokera ku kulembetsa kuzenga mlandu kungatenge miyezi 12 mpaka 18 m’khoti la boma ndi miyezi 18 mpaka 30 m’khoti la boma, zikumadalira pa malo a polisi. Kutulukira mikangano, kachitidwe ka zinthu, ndi kulinganiza mikangano kumachititsa kuchedwa. Mapalikiti ayenera kuchititsa kusokonezeka maganizo ndi kuwonongetsa mpata wothera nthaŵi pofufuza.

Kufunika kwa Kusintha Chiŵeniŵeni

Kukambirana kwa anthu kumathandiza pa zinthu zambiri zofunika kwambiri:

  • [[ML:0] Imavomereza chilungamo [ – imapereka mtendere, wolinganizidwa kaamba ka kudandaula, kuchinjiriza kudzithandiza ndi mkhalidwe wa kuchenjera.
  • Kukakamiza zoyenera – kumasintha zitetezero zalamulo (m’maganizo, kuyenera kwa kukhala wopanda tsankhu) kukhala malamulo otha kusungidwa.
  • Umboni [ – umakhala ndi makampani, mabungwe a boma, ndi anthu oyenera kuvulazidwa, mwakutero kuletsa makhalidwe oipa.
  • Prequence ndi kupangidwa kwa lamulo [[FLT :1] – zosankha zosinthasintha zikumveketsa bwino malamulo ndi kakhalidwe ka m’tsogolo. Nkhani zachimalimani monga Brown v. Board of Education [[FLT: 3] inali milandu ya boma.
  • Kukhazikika kwa chuma – pangano losungitsa ndalama limalola makampani kudalira pa malonjezo, kuchititsa malonda ndi kuikizira ndalama.

Ngati mukufuna kudziŵa zambiri za ntchito ya boma, onani Cornell Legal Information Institute chazakezo la .

Kumaliza

Kudziwitsa ndi njira yapamwamba, ya zipinda zambiri imene imasintha mkangano kukhala chigamulo chovomerezeka. Kuchokera ku kalata yoyamba yofuna kuweruza komaliza ndi kukopa kothekera, sitepe lililonse limakhala ndi zofunika za procedrost ndi zosankha zapadera. Ngakhale kuti njirayi ingakhale yovuta, imakhalabe maziko a lamulo, kupatsa njira yamtendere yoperekera ufulu ndi kuyankha mlandu. Kumvetsa [FL:0] kukonza [FL:] vil ligigigation project ndi lotsogolera bwino dongosololo, kaya azikhala kapena apite kukazenga mlandu. Pamene makhoti akupitirizabe kukhazikitsa ndi ADR ndi kuyang'anira, njira yochitira chigamulo m'mabwalo imakhala yoyenerera kwambiri pamene njira ya malamulo ndi yosunga malamulo.

Kuti mupeze malangizo ena pa masitepe apadera kapena kupenda ngati kuvomereza kuli njira yolondola ya mkangano wina, kufunsira loya wachidziŵitso kwavomerezedwa mwamphamvu. Encyclopedia ya zamalamulo ya Nolo [ imapereka mafotokozedwe omveka bwino a Chingelezi a ligigit yodziimira.