Kuzindikira Kupeza Zopereka Zopereka M’dziko la United States

Kutumiza ma CD , [1] Digiri imene nzika zoyenerera zingalembetse ndi kuponya pepala popanda zopinga zosafunikira . Imakhalabe mbali yaikulu ya ulamuliro wa demokrase. Komabe m'mayiko 50, kuvuta kwa kuvota kumasiyana kwambiri chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa malamulo, machitidwe a kuyang'anira, ndi ziwiya za kumaloko. Kuchokera pa zofunika zazikulu kuti achepetse mawindo osankha, zopingazo sizigwirizana kapena zangozi. Kumvetsa kusiyana kumeneku ndiko njira yoyamba yopangira njira yosandutsa zinthu zonse.

Nkhaniyi ikulongosola mitundu yaikulu ya kupezeka kwa ovota, ikutchula zitsanzo zachindunji za boma, ndi kulongosola njira zothetsera mavutozo.

Mpata Waukulu wa Kupeza Zinthu Zochuluka

Kugwiritsa ntchito makina ofufuzira si nkhani imodzi koma ndi mfundo zosiyanasiyana zimene zimatsimikizira ngati munthu angakhoze kuponya pepala loitanira. Zina mwa zinthu zimenezi ndi izi:

  • Malamulo a kulembetsa kwa vidiyo -- Kodi nkosavuta bwanji kulembetsa, kukonza keyala, ndi kutsimikizira kuti n’zosavuta?
  • Malo operekerako ndalama ndi maola – Kodi malo ngosavuta, ofikirika, ndi otseguka kwa nthaŵi yaitali kuti agwirizane ndi ndandanda ya ntchito?
  • Njira zopezeka – Kodi ovota ali ndi mwayi wovota kumayambiriro, kusakhala ndi mapepala olembera makalata, kapena kulembetsa tsiku limodzi?
  • Zofunika kudziŵikitsa – Kodi mitundu ya ma ID imavomerezedwa ndi magulu onse a anthu?
  • [[ML:0] Language ndi kuchirikiza kulemba ndi kuŵerenga +] Kodi mapepala ndi zotengera zikupezeka m'zinenero zolankhulidwa ndi mbali zazikulu za voti?

Chilichonse cha zimenezi chimagwirizana ndi malamulo a boma, ulamuliro wa kumaloko, ndi mkhalidwe wa kakhalidwe ka anthu ndi chuma, kuyambitsa mbali yaikulu ya zokumana nazo za wovota zimene zingasinthe mowonekera kuchokera ku dera lina kupita ku lina.

Mavuto Ofala Kuzungulira Dziko Lonse

Pamene kuli kwakuti boma lirilonse liri ndi mpambo wake wa malamulo, zovuta zina zimabweranso ndi kubwerezabwereza kokwanira kulingaliridwa kukhala zadongosolo. Pamunsipa timafufuza zopinga zazikulu, kujambula pa zofufuza kuchokera ku magulu onga Brennan Center ya Chilungamo ndi [FLT]

Malamulo Osonyeza Mfundo Zosiyanasiyana

Pa 2025, maboma 36 ali ndi malamulo ofuna ovota kupereka mtundu wina wa kudziŵikitsa pa mapendedwe. Kwa iwo, 19 ali ndi ziyeneretso zokhwima za ma state . Kutanthauza wovota wopanda tchati sakhoza kuponya wovota wokhazikika ndipo angafunikire kubwerera ndi chizindikiritso chovomerezeka kapena chochitidwa ndi mavoti. Ochirikiza amatsutsa kuti malamulo otero amaletsa kupeka, koma kufufuza kosalekeza kumasonyeza kuti chinyengo cha mtundu umenewu nchosoŵa kwambiri. Osuliza amati pafupifupi 11% ya oyenerera kusankhidwa [1] Okalamba, ndi nzika zochepa za boma . Opanda kukhala ndi chithunzi cha boma. Mtolo wa kugula wina ungakhale wofunika, makamaka m'maiko kumene maofesi a maofesi alephera kapena ali kutali kwambiri.

Mwachitsanzo, mu 2011, boma la Texas litakhazikitsa lamulo loletsa kuvota anthu ochepa, linaona kuti lamulolo linawalemetsa kwambiri.

2. Zopinga Zolembedwa

Kulembetsa ku voti kuyenera kukhala kosavuta, koma maboma ambiri amatsegulira zopinga zimene zimalepheretsa anthu kutenga nawo mbali.

  • masiku oyambirira olembetsa – United States amene amatsekera kulembetsa masiku 30 chisankho (monga Texas ndi Mississippi) amatsutsa nzika zimene zimaphonya kulephera, ngakhale ngati ali oyenerera pa Tsiku la Chisankho.
  • Chisonyezero cha kukhala nzika – Maboma ochepa, monga Arizona ndi Kansas, ayesa kufuna umboni wolembedwa wa unzika kuti alembetse, umene ungatsekereze nzika za chilengedwe ndi ena amene sangakhale ndi zikalata zotero.
  • Mwachibadwa ndi pa Intaneti mipata yolembera – Pamene 23 maboma kuphatikizapo D.C. tsopano ali ndi kulembetsa kodzisankhira (AVR), ena ambiri amadalirabe mafomu apepala ndi kukonza mabuku, kuwonjezera kuthekera kwa kulakwa ndi kukanidwa.

Malinga ndi Msonkhano wa National Conference of State Legislatures , ndi AVR ali ndi ziŵerengero za kulembetsa zapamwamba kwambiri kuposa zopanda, akumapereka lingaliro lakuti kufeŵetsa njirayo kumabweretsa mapindu enieni.

Malo Opusitsa Opezeka ndi Otsekera

Kuvota kumadalira pa malo oonera ndiponso maola amene anthu akuonera. Mwatsoka, mayiko ambiri atseka malo ambiri ofufuzapo m’zaka zaposachedwapa, kaŵirikaŵiri m’madera a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi malo osoŵa. Lipoti la Bungwe la Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights linapeza kuti pakati pa 2012 ndi 2018, malo ochitira kafukufuku opitirira 1,600, ndi malo apamwamba kwambiri ku Texas, Arizona, Louisiana, ndi Georgia.

Ulendo wautali ndi nthaŵi zoyembekezera zili zotsatirapo. Ku Maricopa County, Arizona, osankha ena mu 2022 anayembekezera kwa maola aŵiri chifukwa cha kupereŵera kwa makina ovota ndi antchito opanga masankho. Anthu opanda zoyendera zodalirika kapena ntchito zokhoza kusintha, kuyembekezera koteroko kungakhale koletsedwa. Kuwonjezera apo, malo ambiri ofufuza sangakhale osafikirika kwa osankha ndi kupunduka, osoŵa zilema, makina ovomerezeka ochitira voti, ngakhale kuti pali zifuno za Help America Vote Act (HAVA).

4. Njira Zoletsa Kupereka

Maboma amalamulira kaya ovota angaike mavoti mofulumira kapena mwa kutumiza makalata popanda chifukwa. Monga 2024, 27 maboma ndi D.C. samalola kuvota posi, pamene kuli kwakuti maboma 14 amafunikirabe chifukwa chenicheni (monga ngati kutuluka m’tauni, matenda, kapena utumiki wankhondo) kulandira chilolezo cha makalata. Mwachitsanzo, maiko onga Alabama ndi Mississippi, samalola kuvota mwamsanga, kukakamiza ovota kuwonekera pa Tsiku la Chisankho kapena kukwaniritsa ziyeso za kusankhoma kwa opatula.

Kufutukula njira zovota kwasonyezedwa kuwonjezera, makamaka pakati pa magulu okhala ndi mbali yochepera. Kusintha kwa Oregon ku voti yapadziko lonse paposi mu 1998 kunachirikizidwa ndi pafupifupi 10 peresenti m'masankho otsatira. Mofananamo, akunena kuti kupereka pafupifupi milungu iŵiri ya kuvota koyamba kumaona chiŵerengero chapamwamba cha antchito ndi makolo a ana aang’ono otengamo mbali pa ola limodzi.

5. Vuto la Chinenero ndi Kuphunzira

Pansi pa Gawo 203 la Chikalata cha Zopanga ufulu, maulamuliro ena ayenera kupereka chithandizo cha kuvota m'zinenero ziŵiri ngati oposa 10,000 kapena 5% a nzika za gulu la osankha ali ziŵalo za gulu limodzi la anthu a Chingelezi ang'onoang'ono . Komabe, anthu ambiri aang'ono amagwa pansi pa khomololo, ndipo maboma ena atsutsa kugaŵira zinthu zotembenuzidwa ngakhale kumene zikufunika. Chitchaina, Vietnam, kapena Chitagalog omwe amalankhula sangakhale antchito ofufuza amene angathandize olankhula Chizungu.

Zoletsa za kuŵerenga ndi kulemba zimakhudzanso ovota amene angalankhule Chingelezi koma ali ndi vuto la kuŵerenga chinenero chovuta, monga kukonza kwa malamulo kwa nthaŵi yaitali kapena mawu osokoneza. Osankha ameneŵa angafunikire chithandizo choŵerenga pepala lolembedwa, koma malamulo a boma amasiyana ponena za amene angapereke chithandizo chotero. Maboma ena amaletsa chithandizo kwa ziŵalo za banja kapena antchito opanga mavoti, chimene chingakhale chovuta kwa anthu amene sabweretsa mnzake kumalo opangirako mayeso.

Mavuto Apadera a Boma: Kupenda Mosamalitsa

Pamene kuli kwakuti zopinga zofotokozedwa pamwambapa nzofala, malamulo a zapamwamba za boma amapanga malo ozungulira osiyana. Pansipa tipenda mmene maiko asanu , Georgia, California, Florida, ndi Arizona(em ) amachitira zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi kuyandikira kwake.

Texas

Texas ili ndi chimodzi cha malo oletsa kwambiri ovota m'dzikolo. Lamulo lake lokhwima la ID (SB 14) linatsekerezedwa poyamba ndi makhoti a boma koma pambuyo pake linasinthidwa ndi Baibulo losinthidwa limene limaikabe mtolo. Bomalo silikupezanso kulembetsa kwa pa Intaneti, ndipo deti lake la person ndi masiku 30 chisankho chisanafike maola 24 chisanachitike. Kusankha koyamba kumaloledwa kwa nyengo yochepa (kuyambira masiku 17 isanafike Tsiku la Ecostation), koma ma frediredi ambiri, makamaka akumidzi, ali ndi malo angapo oyambirira ovomerezera. Mu 2020, Harris County (Houston) inayesa kupereka maola 24 kuchiyambiyambi kwa kuvota ndi kuyendetsa mavoti, koma boma linatsutsa zoyesayesazo, ndipo pambuyo pake bungwe la SB211 linaletsa ntchito yovota.

Ndiponso, Texas yawonjezera ziletso pa kuvota makalata, kuphatikizapo kufuna mafomu ofunsira makalata kuphatikizapo nambala ya laisensi ya dalaivala kapena madigita anayi omalizira a nambala ya Social Security . Ibisobanuro zimene ziyenera kulingana ndi cholembera chovomerezeka cha voti kapena kufunsirako kwakanidwa. Malinga ndi Texas Civil Rights Project, makumi a zikwi za zifunsi za makalata zinakanidwa mu 2020% chifukwa cha malingana ndi malingana ameneŵa.

Georgia

Chikalata cha 2021 Evolution Perfect Act cha Georgia chinayambitsa masinthidwe amene ochirikiza ufulu wovota amatsutsa kulephera. Lamulo linawonjezera chiyeneretso cha chithunzi chatsopano cha kulephera kuvota (chofanana ndi chikalata chinali chokwanira), kufupikitsa nyengo ya chisankho, kuchepetsa chiŵerengero cha zoponya zoponya zoponya, ndi kupangitsa kukhala kosaloleka kupereka chakudya kapena madzi kwa oimba oyembekezera. Osuliza amawona kuti kusinthaku kunachitidwa pambuyo pa kutembenuka kwa voti 2020, kumene kunawona mizera yaitali m'madera ochepa.

Kumbali yosangalatsa, Georgia wakhala ndi kulembetsa kodzisankhira kwa wovota kuyambira 2016 ndipo savomereza kuvota ndi kuvota mwamsanga. Komabe, ziletso zatsopano zachititsa kale kukanidwa kokwera kwa olephera ntchito. M'chosankha cha 2022, pafupifupi 3% ya ovota a makalata anakanidwa, poyerekezera ndi 1% mu 2020, malinga ndi chidziŵitso cha Mlembi wa Georgia wa ofesi ya Boma.

California

California imaimira imodzi ya maulamuliro aakulu koposa opanga mavoti. Chiyambire 2021, boma limatumiza pepala laposi kwa wovota aliyense wovomerezeka pa chisankho chonse, ndipo ovota angalibwezere mwa makalata, poponya mabokosi, kapena munthu aliyense pamalo ovota. Kuvota koyamba kulipo kwa masiku 29 chisankho chisanavotidwe. Boma limaperekanso kulembetsa kofanana kwa tsiku la voti, kulembetsa kwa pa Intaneti, ndi ma Languageot m'magawo ambiri.

Komabe, mavuto adakalipo. Mamudzi, makamaka ku Central Valley ndi kumadera akumpoto, ali ndi malo ochepa ofunsira ndi malo ovotera, omwe amatsogolera ku ulendo wautali. Ovota a ku America okhala m'malo osungirako zinthu sangakhale ndi ntchito yodalirika ya makalata kapena ali ndi maadiresi amene sagwirizana ndi madongosolo a misewu, ochititsa kulembetsa. Kuwonjezera apo, California ali ndi mlingo wokwera wa maboloti [1] ballot , ndipo pafupifupi 28% saŵerengedwa chifukwa cha nkhani zolembetsa.

Florida

Malo ovota a Florida apangidwa ndi lamulo lotsutsana. Mu 2019, ovota anakhazikitsanso Amereka 4, amene anabwezeretsa ufulu wovota kwa anduna ambiri amene anamaliza zigamulo zawo. Komabe, nyumba yovomerezeka ya Republican yolamuliridwa ndi dziko inapitirira SB 7066, kufuna kuti mafelo a kulipira ndalama zonse, malipiro, ndi kubwezera asanaloledwe kuvota [1] chiyeneretso chimene chinathetsa kwambiri anthu ambiri, popeza kuti boma silinasunge nyulo yaikulu ya zimene linayenera kulipira. Makhoti atsekeretsa pang'ono lamuloli, koma kusokonezekako kukupitirizabe.

Florida irinso ndi chiyeneretso chachindunji cha kuvota, chimaika chivoti mwamsanga ku ukulu wa masiku 14 (ndi nzeru yakumalowo kuchepetsa), ndipo siimapereka chilolezo cha kuvota . Opatula mavoti alionse. Mu 2023, bungwe lokhazikitsa malamulo linapereka ziletso zowonjezereka pa makampani olembetsa olembetsa, kuphatikizapo lamulo limene limafuna magawo achitatu kutumiza mafomu olembetsa mkati mwa masiku 14 ndi kukhazikitsa ndalama zolemera kaamba ka kugonjera kochedwa. Zimenezi zachititsa kutsika kwa chiŵerengero cha magulu ovomereza ku boma, mogwirizana ndi bungwe la Leage of Women Voters of Florida.

Arizona

Arizona wakhala malo ankhondo pa kuvota kwa zaka zoposa khumi. Boma lili ndi ndandanda ya nthaŵi zonse yovota, imene imatumiza pepala laposi kwa osankha onse amene amalipempha, ndipo pafupifupi 80% ya ovota a Arizona adaponya mavoti paposi. Komabe, pambuyo pa 2020 chisankho, nyumba yovomerezeka ya Republican yolamulira inapatula SB 1260 ndi miyeso ina imene inakhazikitsa ziletso zatsopano. Lamulo lina limafuna kuti mapositi akope abwezedwe ndi 7 p.m. Pa Tsiku la Evotion (mwambo iwo angalandire masiku asanu pambuyo pake ngati atumizidwa ndi tsiku la Ecomtion). Lamulo lina limaletsa kusankhitsa akuluakulu a boma kuchoka ku kutumiza mafomu a makalata osafunsidwa popanda lamulo (omwe Therizona Samatumiza mapoloti a mpira ofunsira osapempha ofunsira ofunsira mosapempha).

Motsutsana kwambiri, Arizona anakhazikitsa lamulo mu 2022 lofuna umboni wa kukhala nzika kaamba ka kuvota konse, kuphatikizapo chisankho cha boma, mosasamala kanthu za lamulo la boma (National Voter Brigiodition Act) limene limafuna kokha chilengezo chalumbiro kaamba ka kulowa kwa boma. Kufikira kuchiyambi kwa 2025, Bwalo Lamilandu Lapamwamba la United States silinalamulire motsimikizirika pa mkangano umenewu, kusiya Arizona m’boma la malamulo. Bomalo lirinso ndi mbiri yotsutsana ya kutulutsa voti pa mpambo woyambirira ngati iwo alephera kuvota m'masankhoti aŵiri otsatitsatitsati, kachitidwe kamene katolemedwa m’khoti.

Chifukwa Chake Tiyenera Kusamalira Mavuto Amenewa

Kutulutsa ndalama si vuto losiyana ndi ena, ndipo zimenezi zingachititse kuti anthu asamakhulupirire boma.

Kufufuza kwasonyeza kuti kuchotsa zopinga kumawonjezera kutengamo mbali. Mwachitsanzo, kufufuza kwa Texas Lyceum kunapeza kuti kufutukuka kwa voti ndi kulembetsa kopepuka mu Texas kungawonjezere kugawana kwa achichepere ndi osankhidwa ochepa. Koma, lamulo la Arizona loletsa kugamula kwa kazembe, likanakhala kuti linaikidwa mokwanira pa masankho a boma, likanaletsa osankhidwa oyenerera 200,000 kulembetsa, malinga ndi lipoti la Mlembi wa ofesi ya boma wa Arizona.

Kuwononga chuma ndi chikhalidwe chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa zinthu n’kofunikanso. Anthu amene amapita ku malo ochepa ovota salandira chisamaliro cha boma ndiponso zinthu zochepa zothandizira sukulu, zithandizo za zinthu, ndi chithandizo cha zaumoyo. Kusankha aliyense si nkhani ya chilungamo chokha komanso ya ulamuliro wogwira mtima.

Kusintha Zinthu ndi Njira Zothetsera Vutoli

Anthu opanga malamulo ndiponso olimbikitsa masankho apeza kuti pali zinthu zina zimene zingawonjezere mavoti popanda kulola masankho kukhala odalirika.

  • Mwachibadwa Voter Expagnation (AVR) [1] [1] - Pamene nzika zigwirizana ndi mabungwe a boma (m’mphindi, DMV, mautumiki a anthu), kulembetsa kwawo kumakonzedwa mwapadera pokhapokha atasankha. AVR yavomerezedwa kuwonjezera mlingo wa kulembetsa ndi 10-20% m’maboma amene achita zimenezo.
  • Palibe kupeka ndi kutulutsa kwa Promp [FLT :1] - Kulola ovota kuponya mapepala a kuseŵerera Tsiku la Chisankho popanda chifukwa chenicheni chochepetsera kuchuluka kwa malo ofunsira ndi mandandanda osiyanasiyana. Maboma ayeneranso kupereka mabokosi otsitsa ndi maenvulopu obwezera obwezera kutsimikizira kuti ma aŵa akope ali osavuta kubwerera.
  • Same-Day Evolution [[FLT :1] – kulola kulembetsa pa Tsiku la Chisankho (kapena mkati mwa kuvota koyamba) kumaletsa nzika zoyenerera kubwezedwa chifukwa cha kuphonya kwa masiku. Maboma okhala ndi kulembetsa kwa tsiku limodzimodzilo amakhala ndi kukwera kwa ndandanda.
  • [[MLT:0] Malamulo Ovomerezeka Ovomerezeka Ovomerezeka - Mmalo mwa zofunika zokhwima za ndandanda ya ma foni, maboma angavomereze kuchuluka kwa zizindikiritso, kuphatikizapo mapepala a giramu, zikalata za banki, kapena ndalama za ophunzira. Angaikenso ndalama zopezera ma dzina aulere mwa kupereka mathirakitala kapena kufutukula DMV.
  • Kutsegulira Malo ndi Poll Works [1] - Chuma chokwanira chingachepetse nthaŵi zoyembekezera, kuwongolera kupezeka kwa osankha opunduka, ndi kutsimikizira kuti malo oonera ali oyenera. Mapempho a Hava angathandize, komanso maboma ayenera kulinganiza zimenezi m'ma bajeti awo.
  • Language A Language Ahelp and Hubrial [FLT :1] – Kufutukuka kwa Chigawo 203 ku zinenero ndi madera ena, ndi kulangiza antchito ofufuza m'madera a zinenero zambiri, kungathandize kutsimikizira kuti chinenero sichikuletsa kuvota.
  • Kusintha kwa Kutulutsa Ufulu – Uniteds zimene zimawononga kotheratu anthu okhala ndi zikhululukiro za kulakwa kuyenera kupita ku kubwezeretsa kodzifunira atamaliza chigamulo, kuphatikizapo malipiro onse ndi ndalama, monga mbali ya njira yobwezera mwachilungamo.

Masinthidwe ambiri ameneŵa ali ndi chichirikizo cha bipartisan ku chigawo chakwawo. Mwachitsanzo, Utah, boma lofiira lodalirika, adayambitsa kulembetsa kwa ovota ndi kulembetsa kwa tsiku limodzi ndi chilolezo champhamvu kuchokera kwa akuluakulu a masankho. Oklahoma sanapereke umboni wosonyeza kuti kuvota ndi kofala. Mfungulo ndi kusumika maganizo pa zothetsera zothandiza, zozikidwa pa umboni zimene zimaika patsogolo ubwino wa wovota pamene akusunga chisungiko.

Kumaliza

Kufufuza zovuta za kuvota m’maiko osiyanasiyana kumasonyeza malo osiyana kwambiri kumene ufulu wa kuvota umasonkhezeredwa ndi malo, ndalama, fuko, ndi chinenero. Pamene kuli kwakuti maiko ena atsatira malamulo amene amapangitsa kuvota kukhala kosavuta, ena akhazikitsa zopinga zimene zimayambukira anthu otsika. Chotulukapo chake ndicho demokrase imene imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri kwa ena kuposa ena.

Kusamalira kusiyana kumeneku kumafuna zonse ziŵiri kachitidwe ka boma ndi uyang'aniro wa boma. The For the People Act (H.R. 1 mu 117th Congress) inapereka miyezo ya dziko kaamba ka kulembetsa wovota, kuvota koyambirira, ndi kuvota, koma kuima mu Khoti. Kufikira pamene lamulo latsatanetsatane loterolo lipita, ochirikiza ayenera kupitirizabe kumenyana ndi boma mwa kuwonjezera ufulu, kuphunzitsa ovota, ndi kuchititsa osankha kukhala ndi mlandu.

Munthu aliyense woyenerera ayenera kupatsidwa njira yabwino, yoyenerera, ndi yotetezereka yopangira pepala lochitira voti.