Chiyambi: Kusiyana kwa Minda ndi Moyo

Kutsatira masankho kumasintha kwambiri zochita za demokrase. Ndi kangati kamene anthu amapita ku masankhowa chaka chilichonse, kwa zaka zambiri, kapena zaka zingapo chabe, kumakhudza kwambiri mmene anthu amakhalira ndi anthu a m’madera awo, mmene amamvera pankhani za anthu onse, ndiponso mmene amakhalira ndi makampani a democracy. Unansi pakati pa kuchuluka kwa masankho ndi kuloŵerera kwa anthu sikuli kukayikira kwa akatswiri a makampani opanga masankhonya; ndi kuletsa mphamvu ya demokrase. Akatswiri akhala akutsutsana kwa nthaŵi yaitali kaya masankho abwereze kapena awasute. Nkhaniyi imayambitsa kufufuza kopeka, ndi kufufuza kwenikweni kwa dziko kuti aone mmene masankho ndi zimene angapange masankhowole ndi zimene zingakhudzere popanda kuloŵerera.

Kumvetsetsa unansi umenewu kuli kofulumira kwambiri pamene mademokrase ambiri akuyang'anizana ndi wosankha wotsika ndi kuchepa kwa chikondi chandale zadziko. Kubwerezabwereza kwa chisankho kuli chiŵiya chimene, pamene kusinthidwa kwachidziŵitso, kungakulitse kuloŵetsedwamo kwa anthu kapena, ngati kutsutsidwa, kusasamala. Magawo otsatirawa akuchotsa lingaliro la kuloŵetsedwa m’boma, kupenda malo osankhidwiratu, kupenda maumboni opekedwa ndi mavoti, ndi kulinganiza zochirikiza kukhala nzika m’madongosolo osiyanasiyana a masankhoti.

Kufotokoza Kuloŵetsedwamo ndi Kupitikiza Kwake

Kuloŵetsedwamo kwa bungwe la Cobic kumaphatikizapo ntchito zosiyanasiyana zimene anthu amathandizira kupangira anthu onse zosankha. M'mbiri, mawuwo anali ogwirizana kwambiri ndi kuvota ndi kuchita nawo mbali ya ndale zachikhalidwe. Lerolino amaphatikizapo kudzipereka, kulinganiza chitaganya, kupezeka pa misonkhano yapoyera, kutenga nawo mbali m'magulu a anthu auchiŵanda, kupereka zoyambitsa, ndi kuchita nkhani za ndale zadziko pa Intaneti ndi pa intaneti. Kuloŵetsedwa kwa bungwe la CBIBIC sikuli kogwirizana ndi kuchuluka, kuchuluka, ndi malo.

Maonekedwe Amakono

Malo a boma oloŵetsedwamo pa ntchito za osankha: kulembetsa kuvota, kuponya chisankho, kugwira ntchito pa ndawala, kapena kukumana ndi akuluakulu osankhidwa. Zochita zimenezi zimayenderana ndi kusintha kwa pulogalamu ya osankhidwa. Kuloŵerera kwa anthu kwamakono kumawonjezera kupyola nyengo ya masankho kuti kuphatikizapo kuchita nawo zinthu monga kugwirizanitsa anthu a m'deralo, kugwiritsa ntchito mafilimu ofufuza, kuyambitsa nkhani za mayanjano, ndi kugawana nawo kapena mabungwe a chikhalidwe. Nkhani za kusiyana chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa masankhoti kumakhudza kwambiri mitundu yamwambo [1], kugawa ntchito, ndi kukambirana kwa ndalensi kwamakono kungagwirizane kwambiri ndi kutopa kwa masiku ano.

Mfundo Zokhudza Kutengana ndi Ntchito Yopanga Chigamulo

Malo angapo opeka amathandiza kufotokoza chifukwa chake anthu amaloŵetsedwamo. Robert Putnam programme ya anthu a kudziko, imatsutsa kuti madongosolo a kukhulupirirana ndi kukonzanso, opangidwa mwaufulu ndi kugwirizana kwa anthu, kulimbikitsa mapangano a boma. Pamene masankho achitika kaŵirikaŵiri, angalimbitse madongosolo ameneŵa mwa kupereka mapangano obwerezabwerezabwereza a ntchito zaunyinji. Kapena, makampani a voltarism [magnounist] modenting [mayambiridwa ndi Verba, Schlozman, ndi Brady amagogomezera chuma (nthaŵi, maluso), kugawana kwa maganizo (kuthandiza), ndi kutumiza madongosolo. Nthaŵi zambiri masankhoti angatsirize amaganizo mwa kusunga nkhani za ndalensi, komanso amafuna nthaŵi zambiri, zimene nzika za anthu ena, zomwe zingawachititse kuwonjezera mphamvu. Kudziŵa bwino kwa anthu ena kuchuluka kwa masankhoti.

Malo Okongola a Electoral: Mitundu ndi Mafashoni

Kusankha kumabwera m’mitundu yambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwake kumasiyanasiyana m'maiko onse ndipo ngakhale m’madongosolo a boma. Masankho aGeneral amagamula utsogoleri wa dziko; osankha osankhidwa a chipani; masankho apadera; makomiti a sukulu, mabungwe a mizinda, ndi makhonsati a boma; ndipo ma asteendum amalola mavoti a mwachindunji pa mafunso a lamulo. Onsewa amapanga kalenda yocholoŵana imene ingasiyane kuchokera pa chisankho chimodzi pa zaka zinayi kapena zisanu zilizonse chaka chimodzi ndi mavoti angapo.

Kusiyana kwa Zipani zandale

Palamente monga United Kingdom, masankho amachitika pafupifupi zaka zisanu zilizonse, ndi masankho amwambo. M'madongosolo a pulezidenti monga United States, masankho a boma amachitika zaka ziŵiri zilizonse za Nyumba ndi zaka zinayi za kukhala mfumu, koma maboma ambiri ndi malo amachititsa masankho chaka chilichonse kapena nthaŵi zonse a makomiti osiyanasiyana ndi makomiti a mavoti. Mayiko okhala ndi miyambo yachindunji ya demokrase, monga Switzerland, angasunge mavoti anayi pachaka. Nthaŵi zambiri masankho a masankhoti ndiwo chimapanga chololera kuswa kwa mbiri yakale, malamulo alamulo, ndi kulingalira kopindulitsa ponena za kukhazikika ndi kuvota.

FUTANS

M'madongosolo a boma, kupatukana kwa dziko, boma, ndi masankho a kumaloko kumachititsa kalenda yosatsimikizirika imene ingawonjezere mwaŵi wa kutengamo mbali kapena kuchititsa kusokonezeka ndi kutopa. Mwachitsanzo, ku United States, ovota m'maiko ambiri amayang'anizana ndi maprojekiti, masankho a apolisi, masankho apadera, ndi mipikisano ya makampani zaka zambiri. Pamene zimenezi ziikidwa pa deti limodzi, kubwerera kumakhala kowonjezereka; pamene kugawanako, kutengamo mbali kukutsika. Chitsanzo chimenechi chimasonyeza kuti kusankhidwa sikuli kokha kwachiŵerengero cha nthaŵi yosangulutsa masankho komanso ponena za nthaŵi yake ya kugaŵitsa, kugaŵitsa, ndi kufunika kwake.

Kugwirizana kwa Makina Opanga Masankho Pakati pa Kuchuluka ndi Kudziloŵetsamo

Kugwirizana pakati pa masankho ndi kuloŵerera m’zochita za boma ndi madongosolo angapo a maganizo ndi kayendetsedwe ka zinthu.

Kusankha Zochita: Zotayika ndi Mapindu

Kuchokera ku kawonedwe kabwino, anthu amasankha kaya kutengamo mbali mwa kupenda mtengo (nthaŵi, kuyesayesa, kupeza chidziŵitso) motsutsana ndi mapindu (kusunga malamulo, chikhutiro chotsimikizirika, chivomerezo cha anthu). Masankho mobwerezabwereza amawonjezera mtengo wowonjezereka wa kutengamo mbali [1] Olandira ndalama ayenera kudzidziŵitsa mobwerezabwereza, kuyenda kukafufuza, ndi kuponya mavoti. Zimenezi zingafooketse maganizo a awo amene ali ndi nthaŵi yochepa kapena chuma. Komabe, ngati masankhoti aikidwa pafupipafupi, mtengo wa kukhalabe ndi chidziŵitso ungachepe chifukwa chakuti nkhani za m'nkhani zidakalipo, ndipo osankhidwa angatsate chidziŵitso.

Kugwidwa ndi Chipwirikiti ndi Ziyambukiro za Chidziŵitso

Masankho a kaŵirikaŵiri angasonkhezere kuloŵetsedwa m'zipani za ndale zadziko mwa kuyambitsa mipata yobwerezabwereza ya zipani zachifuniro, ndi magulu a anthu kusonkhanitsa nzika. Mchitidwe uliwonse wa chisankho umachititsa kufalitsa nkhani, zochitika za mpikisano, ndi kutumiza udzu zimene zingadzutse kuzindikira ndi kulimbikitsa kukambitsirana. Kufufuza kwa Pew Research Center [ kumasonyeza kuti Aamereka amene amakhala m’zigawo ndi mavoti ambiri a mlingo wapamwamba wa kukambitsirana kwa ndale zadziko ndi kuvomereza kwa chitaganya kuposa amene ali ndi masankhoti ochepera, olamulira pazinthu zina. Komabe, zotsatira zake sizingakhale zothekera kwambiri chifukwa cha kubwezera ndi kutolera.

Zomwe Zingachitike: Kutopa ndi Kutaya Mtima

Kutopa kwa kanema kuli mbali yofala ya masankho mobwerezabwereza. Pamene nzika zaitanidwa ku mavoti kaŵirikaŵiri, zingakhale zamphwayi, zingachepetse kugwiritsira ntchito kwawo chidziŵitso, kapena kusavotera. Kutopa kumeneku kumatchulidwa makamaka makamaka chifukwa cha masankho a pansi pa ma starctic [maprimenti ofala] kapena mipikisano ya kumalo kumene salabadira kwambiri. Kuwonjezerapo, masankhoti obwerezabwerezabwereza angachepetse kuchepa kwa kugawana: olemera, nzika zophunzira zambiri zimakhoza kusungitsa pangano pa nyengo zambiri, pamene magulu osoŵa angagwe. Zimenezi zingafooketse kuyenerera kwa democracycy.

Umboni Wochokera kwa Mulungu: Zimene Ofufuzawo Akusonyeza

Kufufuza kochitidwa ndi anthu kwa kuchuluka kwa masankho ndi kuloŵerera m’nkhani za boma kumakhala ndi zotulukapo zosiyanasiyana koma zopatsa chidziŵitso.

Makalata Olimbikitsa: Chitsanzo cha Anthu a ku Switzerland

Chigwirizano cha demokrase cha Switzerland chimakhala ndi mbali zambiri za demokrase . Chofunika kwambiri nchakuti anthu a m'mayiko ambiri amasankha zinthu zambiri. Chofunika kwambiri n’chakuti anthu a ku Switzerland amachita nawo zinthu zosagwirizana ndi malamulo a dziko lonse. Chofunika kwambiri n’chakuti, nzika za dzikolo sizingavote: nzika za Switzerland zimachita nawo misonkhano ya tauni, zimakapezeka pa misonkhano yandale, ndipo zimadzipereka kuti zikhale ndi komiti zotsogolera. Chitsanzo cha ku Switzerland. Chionetsero cha ku Switzerland [1] chimasonyeza kuti zisankhoterezo zobwerezabwereza kawirika zingagwirizane ndi lamulo lovomerezeka pamene nzika zizindikira kuti zovota zawo zimagwirizana ndi malamulo enieni. Kugwirizana pakati pa kugaŵikana ndi kusoŵa kwamphamvu kuoneka ngati kugomasintha.

Zotsatirapo Zoipa: Kutopa ndi Kutopa Kochititsa Chidwi mu U.S.

Ku United States, umboni wa kutopa kwa ovota ngwamphamvu. Kufufuza kochitidwa ndi Bipartarisan Policy Center [1] Kutulukira kuti m'masankho a kumaloko mumakhala avareji yochepera 25%, ndi kuti kubwerera kukakhala kumbuyo pamene madeti osiyana ndi mipikisano ya boma. Kugaŵa kwa kalendala ya votor(palenda yapadera, masankhoti, masankhoti a sukulu, ndi masankho apadera ofalikira m’chaka chonse cha [1] Chounice zimene akatswiri ena amatcha “kutopa.. Zoter ayenera kuyang'ana madeti ambiri, kufufuza kwa mpikisano wotsika, ndi kupanga maulendo ofufuza. Zimenezi zimagwa pansi kwambiri pa masankho ofufuza ndi owonjezereka.

Kupeza Zosiyanasiyana: Kufufuza Koyerekezera

Kuyerekezera kwa mitundu yonse kumapereka yankho. Kufufuza kwa maiko 36 OECD kunapeza kugwirizana kochepa pakati pa kubwerezabwereza kwa masankho ndi wovota, koma unansiwo unatha polamulira kuvota kokakamiza ndi kukhalapo kwa zipani zamphamvu. Mayiko okhala ndi chisankho chokakamiza, monga Australia (kumene kumachititsa masankho a boma zaka zitatu zilizonse), amasunga kutembenuka kwapamwamba ngakhale kuti amavota . Mosiyana, mayiko okhala ndi kuvota kwaufulu ndi masankhoti apamwamba [1] [1] Kuwonetsera mofulumira kwambiri. Mabungwe a United States [1] Kuvota kuli koyenera, mmene masankho a sankhani, ndi mmene amachitira masankhomo oloŵerera m'kachitidwe mobwerezabwereza pa kuloŵerera kwa anthu.

Kufufuza Nkhani za M’munsi

Kupenda maiko ena kumapereka chidziŵitso chokulirapo cha mmene masankho amagwirizanira ndi zinthu zachikhalidwe, zamalamulo, ndi mbiri yakale zopangira pangano la chigwirizano cha boma.

Switzerland: Democracy Yachindunji ndi Kuimba Nthaŵi Zonse

Switzerland imapereka zilozero za dziko lonse pa kukonzanso malamulo a lamulo ndi malamulo aakulu pafupifupi kanayi pachaka. Makampani a Cantonal ndi akumaloko amawonjezera masiku ovota . Mosasamala kanthu za kuchuluka kumeneku, nzika za Switzerland zimasonyeza kuloŵerera kwa boma mwamphamvu kuposa kuvota. Dzikoli lili ndi mgwirizano wochuluka wa mayanjano aufulu, chiŵerengero chachikulu cha anthu okhala m'magulu andale, ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu olimbikira kugamula. Chofunika nchakuti Switzerland ikhale ndi mphamvu yeniyeni: njira yotchuka yochitira zinthu ingakakamize kuvota dziko lonse pa nkhani iliyonse, ndipo lamulo lililonse lachingatsutsedwe ndi kutumiza chigamu. Kufufuza kochititsa kutopa kwa anthu osoŵa mphamvu. Ngati kuyendera pamodzi ndi kuyendetsa ntchito zawo Switzerland kungasonyeze kuti pamene akutembenuza ntchito ya boma m'chaka chakumapeto, ndi kuyendetsa ntchito kwa akuluakulu a boma, ndi kutumiza Switzerland, kuyang'''''kutsimikizira kuti kuyang'nkhani ntchito kwawo.

United States: Kalendala Yopasuka ndi Kutengamo Mbali Kosalingana

United States iri ndi chimodzi cha ziyambukiro zocholoŵana kwambiri m'dziko. Chisankho cha Federal chimachitika zaka ziŵiri zilizonse, koma maiko ambiri amachita masankho a chaka ndi chaka a malumbiro a boma, mabungwe a mabungwe a mizinda, mabungwe a makomiti a mizinda, ndi makomiti a sukulu. Chisankho chapaderachi chinganenedwe panthaŵi iliyonse. Chigaŵenga chimenechi chili ndi zotsatira zocholoŵa zocholoŵa. Kusankha kwa kumaloko kaŵirikaŵiri kumasintha kwa 15 /20%, ndipo kugawa m'madera okhala ndi madeti ambiri osankhidwa ndi kusankhidwa nthaŵi zambiri sikuli kothekera kuvota mpikisano uliwonse. Zotsatirapo za kupitiriza kukumana ndi masankho, nthaŵi zina kumasintha ndi 30. [FT: FU:] nkhani yosanja, ndi mavoti, ndi mapangano aungwe apamwamba okha. Kugwirizana kwa masankhoti, pamene amasintha nthaŵi zambiri, koma pamene amagawana, ndi kugawana kwa kaŵiri, ndipo nthaŵi zambiri, pamene amasintha, nthaŵi zambiri, pamene amasintha ndi kugawo.

Australia: Kuthamanga ndi Kuchulukitsa

Australia imachita masankho a boma zaka zitatu zilizonse, ndi masankho osasankha ndi masankho a boma pa magawo osiyana. Turnout njoposa 90% chifukwa chakuti kuvota nkokakamiza ndi kochitidwa ndi ndalama zochepera. Kusintha kwa kuvota kokakamiza kwa kuloŵerera kwa boma: kumakakamiza nzika kuchita ndi kachitidwe ka chisankho, komanso kumalimbikitsanso magulu kusonkhanitsa anthu kuti apange mavoti ndi kuchepetsa malo okhala. Kufufuza kuchokera ku [[FLT: 0] Australian Elctor Commission [1] Australian Elel Commis [ kumasonyeza kuti pamene kusanthula kokakamiza kumathetsa kugalukira kogwirizana ndi masankho, sikumachirikiza kwenikweni mitundu ina ya anthu yochita ntchito yonga ngati kudzipereka kapena kupezeka pamisonkhano. Zokumana nazo za ku Australia zimapereka lingaliro lakuti kuuption covertiko, kutsimikizira kuloŵerera kwa ndale, koma osagwirizana kwenikweni m'ndale zadziko.

Brazil: Kuonera Makompyuta Nthawi Zonse

Brazil amachita masankho zaka ziŵiri zilizonse pa mlingo wa boma ndi boma, ndi masankho akugwa pakati pa zaka. Kubwerera ku dziko ndi kokulira chifukwa cha kuvota kokakamiza kwa nzika za zaka 18 mpaka 70. Komabe, Brazil amagwiritsiranso ntchito kuvota kwamagetsi ndi maprojekiti a maphunziro owonjezereka. Kubwerezabwereza kwa masankho, kuphatikizapo kukakamiza, kwachititsa chisankho cha ndale zadziko chimenenso chimatenga mbali m'magulu a anthu ndi kugaŵana ndi magulu a anthu. Komabe dzikolo limayang'anizana ndi mavuto: chikhutiro cha demokrase ya democracy chasintha, ndipo otsutsa ena amanena kuti kayendedwe kanthaŵi kokhudza kupopula ndi kanthaŵi kochepa. Nkhani ya ku Brazil imasonyeza kuti ngakhale kugawa kwapamwamba sikutsimikizira kuti anthu adziwikirenitsa anthu; mkhalidwe wa kugawana nawo.

Zolinga Zodziŵira Kuchuluka kwa Thanzi Lomwe Limakhalapo

Opanga malamulo ofuna kulimbikitsa anthu kuti azigwira ntchito yawo mwa kupanga masankho ali ndi umboni wochuluka wotsimikizira kuti anthu afunika kukhala ndi mwayi wochita zinthu motsatira demokalase kuti apewe kutopa ndiponso kusiyana kwa anthu.

Kulimbitsa Zosankha

Chimodzi cha masinthidwe ogwira mtima kwambiri ndicho kukhazikitsa masankho a kumalo ndi boma pa madeti ofanana ndi masankho a boma apamwamba. Kufufuza kuchokera ku [FLT: 0] Demos metat met kumasonyeza kuti kukhazikitsa kungadzutse magawo a m'mafuko akwawo ndi 20-30 peresenti, makamaka pakati pa achichepere ndi osankhidwa ochepa. Kugwirizanitsa kumachepetsa vuto la kuphunzira ndi la kusanthula kwa nzika pamene zikulolabe masankho. Maboma ena asonkhezera komiti a sukulu ndi masankho ku November a zaka zoŵerengeka, ndi zotulukapo zabwino.

Kulimbikitsa Maphunziro a M’mafakitale ndi Kusintha

Pamene masankho achitika kaŵirikaŵiri, maphunziro otchuka ngofunika. Mkupiti wa uvoti wapoyera, mavoti otumizidwa ku banja lirilonse, otsogolera opanga mavoti pa Intaneti, ndi kugwirizana kwa ofalitsa nkhani kungathandize nzika kuyendetsa mafuko ambiri ndi ma atolankhani popanda kudzimva kukhala olefulidwa. Mabungwe a CBICO angapereke mavoti ofunsira ndi kufalitsa machidule. projecting shoctration shoctration transsion

Luso la Umisiri Wochepa Wothandiza

Zida zamagetsi zingachepetse mtengo wa voti ndi kusonkhanitsa chidziŵitso m'mapulogalamu a voti mobwerezabwereza. Online ovotar , kulembetsa kodzifunira kudzera m'makompyuta a DMV, kuvota koyambirira mwa makalata, ndi kutetezera ma apps a m'magalimoto a oyesera ndi chidziŵitso cha ofunsira zonse zotsika. Maboma ena akuyesa ndi “maposi , zimene zimachotsa kufunika kwa ulendo wopita kumalo osanthula ndipo zasonyezedwa kuwonjezera kutembenukira m'masankho. Thekishani ingaperekenso kuloŵerera kwa boma m'malo ovomerezeka a tauni ndi mapulatifomu a ndalama zoyendera ndalama za tauni .

Kumaliza: Kulinganiza Kuyenera ndi Ubwino wa Kutengamo Mbali

Unansi pakati pa kuchuluka kwa masankho ndi kuloŵerera kwa anthu si kugwirizanitsa kosavuta. Nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi masankho angapatse mphamvu nzika, kukulitsa chidziŵitso chawo cha nkhani, ndi kuchititsa atsogoleri kuŵerengera / koma kokha pamene dongosolo la voti lalinganizidwa kuchirikiza pangano mmalo molipanikiza. Mafanizo achipambano kwambiri amaphatikiza mipata yobwereza ndi zizindikiro zomveka za kugwira ntchito (monga ku Switzerland), kukhazikitsa makalenda (monga mu U.S. malamulo amene asintha), ndipo nthaŵi zina amafuna kutengamo mbali (monga mu Australia). Mkhalidwe wa kuphatikizidwa kwa anthu monga kuchuluka: nzika imene imasankha m'magawo asanu a mtima wotsika kwambiri, masankhoti osagwirizana kwambiri kuposa munthu mmodzi amene amavota m'nkhani ziŵiri, zopanga mapolo a ma fridiodition.

Pomalizira pake, chitokoso cha mademokrase ndicho kupanga makhalenda opanga masankho amene amapereka mwaŵi wa chisonkhezero popanda kugonjetsa chisankho. Mwakumvetsetsa mfundo zamaganizo, zoikizira, ndi chikhalidwe zimene zimasonkhezera ziyambukiro za kuchuluka kwa masankho, opanga malamulo angapange madongosolo amene amachirikiza kukangalika, chidziŵitso, ndi kukhala ndi nzika. Umoyo wa demokrase sudalira kokha pa kangapo tivoti, koma pamlingo umene mavotiwo amatembenuzira ku mbali yeniyeni ya boma.