Chiyambi: Chifukwa Chake Mtundu Aliyense Uli Wofunika Kukhoma Misonkho

Misonkho si udindo wa ndalama wokha woikidwa ndi boma; ndi malo enieni a chitaganya. Njira iliyonse, sukulu, chipatala, ndi ntchito yoteteza anthu zimadalira pa zopereka za nzika ndi mabizinesi onse. Kumvetsa kufunika kwa kukhoma misonkho kumathandiza anthu kuona zinthu zoposa mtolo wa mwamsanga ndi kuzindikira mbali yaikulu imene amachita kuti asungitse chitaganya kukhala bwino, kukhazikika kwa chuma, ndi kupita patsogolo kwa dziko.

Kodi Misonkho Nchiyani?

Misonkho ndi misonkho yokakamiza yoperekedwa ndi maboma pa anthu, makampani, ndi mabungwe ena. Imeneyi ndi njira yaikulu imene maboma amaperekera ndalama kuti apeze ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito za boma. Misonkho ingagawiridwe m'magulu awiri apadera: misonkho yeniyeni (monga msonkho wa malipiro a ndalama zimene amapeza ndi katundu) komanso misonkho yosachita kugulitsidwa). Mabungwe a msonkho a makampani a boma angachititse kuti achepetse ndalama zimene amapeza (mitolo yokwera kwambiri pa ndalama zimene amapeza) kapena kuchuluka kwa ndalama zimene amapeza (malipiro owonjezera). Mtengo uliwonse (monga ngati msonkho wopereka ndalama zotsala) umathandiza cholinga chenicheni popereka ndalama ndi za ndalama. Mwachitsanzo, cholinga cha misonkhoma yowonjezereka chitukulo, pamene kulipirira ndalama ndiponso kusungitsa ndalama.

Ntchito ya Misonkho M’gulu la Anthu

M’munsimu, maboma sapereka ntchito za anthu chifukwa cha misonkho, ndipo nkhani yokhudzana ndi mmene aliyense akuthandizira kuti anthu akhale ndi moyo wabwino, imakhala yokwanira.

Maphunziro

Maphunziro a boma kuchokera ku sukulu ya sekondale kudzera ku yunivesite amadalira kwambiri ndalama za msonkho. Malipiro a misonkho, zipinda zasukulu, zipangizo zothandizira ophunzira, ndi maprogramu othandizira ophunzira. Mwachitsanzo, boma la United States limapatsa mabiliyoni ambiri chaka chilichonse kuti apereke Udindo kwa masukulu a ndalama zotsika ndi Pell Grant kuti apeze maphunziro apamwamba. Kaŵirikaŵiri misonkho ya katundu ya m'dziko imawonjezera ndalama zothandizira, kusiyanitsa pakati pa madera olemera ndi osauka.

Kusamalira thanzi

Misonkho imayendetsedwa ndi mabungwe a zaumoyo a anthu onse, kuphatikizapo Medicare, Medicaid, Children’s Health Inshuwalance Program (CHIP), ndi Veterans Health Administration . M'mayiko ambiri, chisamaliro cha zaumoyo chapadziko lonse chimayendetsedwa mwa kukhoma msonkho. Ngakhale m'madongosolo a zaumoyo aumwini, kupereka msonkho kuthandiza anthu kulipira. Zochita zaumoyo monga katemera, kuyang'anira matenda, ndi kukonzekera kwamwadzidzidzi.

Mabuku

Misewu, milatho, mabwalo a ndege, madoko, madzi, ndi makampani oyendera anthu amamangidwa ndi kusungidwa ndi ndalama za msonkho. Komiti ya Ulendo wa Pansi ya United States, imayendetsedwa ndi misonkho ya mafuta ndi ndalama zina zoyendetsera ntchito. Nyumba zamakono zimathandizira malonda, kuchepetsa nthawi yoyendera, ndiponso kuwongolera moyo. Ngati ndalama za msonkho zikutsika, ziwiya zamakono zikuwonongeka, ndipo zimenezi zikuchititsa kuti ndalama zokwera mtengo kwambiri.

Kusungidwa kwa Anthu Onse ndi Kukakamizidwa kwa Chilamulo

Madipatimenti a apolisi, makampani ozimitsa moto, chithandizo cha mankhwala, ndi komiti yoweruza zinthu zimadalira pa kupereka ndalama za msonkho.

Kuthandiza Anthu ndi Kupeza Zosangalatsa

Mabungwe a zachuma, kutetezedwa kwa anthu osoŵa ntchito, kuthandizidwa ndi anthu opunduka, makampani operekera chakudya, ndi maprogramu ena otetezera nyumba amagulitsidwa mwa kukhoma misonkho. Maprogramu ameneŵa amachepetsa umphaŵi, amalimbitsa mabanja panthaŵi ya mavuto a zachuma, ndipo amakhazikitsa maziko opitira patsogolo. Mapindu a zachuma amathandiza ngati anthu ambiri ali ndi zosoŵa zazikulu.

Kuteteza Dziko ndi Kupha Anthu

Kuteteza dziko kumateteza ulamuliro ndi mtendere wa mayiko, pamene thandizo la mayiko ena ndiponso ntchito za oimira mayiko ena zimalimbikitsa zinthu zambiri padziko lonse.

Chifukwa Chake Kukhoma Misonkho N’kofunika

Kupatula pa kumvera lamulo, kupereka misonkho kumakwaniritsa ntchito imene imalimbitsa demokrase ndi kugwirizana kwa mayanjano.

Kulimbikitsa Kulingana ndi Kuchepetsa Kusalingana Kwawo

Kukhoma misonkho kumathandiza kuti anthu azitha kupeza zinthu zambiri.

Chichilikiza Kukula kwa Chuma ndi Kukhazikika

Masheya a msonkho amene amasonkhezera chuma: ntchito za maziko zimapanga ntchito, maphunziro amamanga antchito aluso, ndipo kufufuza kumapatsa mphamvu zosintha. Ndiponso, okhazikitsa ntchito monga inshuwalansi ya ulova ndi maprogramu a zaumoyo, ochirikizidwa ndi misonkho, othandiza kuchepetsa kutsika kwa chuma. International Monetary Fund (IMF) ndi [FLT:] Organing for Economic Coproferation and Development (ELD) [FLD:1] imagogomezera kuti madongosolo a msonkho asungidwe bwino akuchirikiza kukula kokhazikika.

Kutsimikizira Kuti Boma Lidzadziŵerengera Mlandu

Pamene nzika zikhoma misonkho, zimakhala ndi chiwopsezo chachindunji pa mmene ndalama zawo zimagwiritsidwira ntchito. Izi zimasonkhezera maboma kukhala otsimikiza, okhoza kukwaniritsa zinthu, omvera.

Kukula kwa Chikhalidwe cha Anyani

Mabungwe a za msonkho a tauni ngqa: mapaki, malaibulale, kukonza misewu, mapulogalamu a achinyamata, ndi miyambo. Zinthu zimenezi zimathandiza kuti moyo ukhale wabwino komanso kuti anthu azipeza ndalama zambiri.

Kukonzekera za Nyengo ndi Mavuto

Msonkho umathandiza maboma kumanga malo osungiramo zinthu ndi kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga ku masoka achilengedwe, miliri, kapena mavuto a zachuma. Mwachitsanzo, boma la United States linatha kutumiza anthu mamiliyoni zikwi zambiri kuti athandize anthu panthawi ya mliri wa COVID . Chifukwa cha mphamvu ya msonkho yomwe ilipoyi. Popanda kupereka msonkho waukulu, njira zochitira zinthu mwamwayi zimachedwa ndipo sizithandiza kwenikweni.

Zotsatira za Kusakhoma Misonkho

Kulephera kulipira msonkho mwangozi, kupeŵa, kapena kupeŵa kwenikweni, kuli ndi zotsatirapo zoopsa kwa anthu ndiponso kwa anthu onse.

Chilango cha Malamulo kwa Anthu

Kuthaŵa msonkho ndi upandu. Kulangidwa kungaphatikizepo ndalama, chiwongola dzanja pa ndalama zosalipiridwa, chuma, ndi kumangidwa. Ku United States, Internal Revenue Service (IRS) kungapereke chilango chachinyengo cha anthu 75% ya malipiro otsika, ndipo zigamulo zaupandu zingatsogolere ku zaka zisanu m'ndende za boma. Maboma ofananawo alipo m'maiko ambiri. Ngakhale kuchedwa kapena kulipirira popanda cholinga cha kubwezera chilango chachikulu.

Kutaikiridwa kwa Mautumiki a Anthu Onse ndi Kusaka

Pamene anthu ambiri kapena mabizinesi athaŵa misonkho, ndalama za boma zimalephera. Mapale otulukapo a bajeti amachepa mphamvu pa maphunziro, zaumoyo, misewu, ndi chisungiko. Aliyense amavutika ndi . Makamaka awo amene amadalira kwambiri pa mautumiki a anthu. 2021 aphunziro la U.S. Dipatimenti ya Treasureal inayerekezera kuti mpata wa msonkho (kusiyana pakati pa misonkhongole ndi kulipira) uwonongere boma $600 biliyoni pachaka, ndalama zimene zinakhoza kusungitsa maprogramu ofufuza.

Kulephera Kupeza Ndalama ndi Kuchepetsa Kusunga Ndalama

Kulephera kulipira msonkho kwafala m’mafakitale ndipo kumasokoneza mphamvu ya boma yosamalira chuma.

Kuwonjezera Mtolo pa Okhometsa Msonkho

Kuti apeze ndalama zotayika, maboma angawonjezere msonkho kwa awo amene amalipira / kapena kuchepetsa ndalama. Zimenezi zimayambitsa kusintha koipa: ziŵerengero zapamwamba zimalimbikitsa kuthaŵa kowonjezereka, kuwonjezera kutsendereza. Potsirizira pake, nzika zowona mtima zimavutika ndi kusawona mtima kwa ena.

Kuwononga Kudalirana kwa Anthu ndi Kugwirizana kwa Anthu

Anthu akamaona kuti ena sakulipira nawo ndalama zawo zabwino, safuna kugonjera. Zimenezi zingapangitse kuti anthu ayambe kunyalanyaza malamulo a msonkho, n’kumachepetsa ntchito ya msonkho ndi yogwirizana ndi anthu.

Kupeŵa Msonkho ndi Kukana Msonkho

Nkofunika kusiyanitsa pakati pa kuletsa msonkho mwalamulo (kugwiritsira ntchito njira zololeka kuchepetsa misonkho) ndi kusatsatira msonkho kosaloledwa (kusunga ndalama kapena kunyenga). Pamene kuli kwakuti kuletsa nkololedwa, madongosolo aukali kaŵirikaŵiri amaloŵa pa kuthaŵa ndi kukopa kufufuza kwa lamulo. OECD’s Baserosition ndi Information Shifting (BEPS) ntchito yofuna kuletsa njira zopeŵera msonkho za mitundu yonse. Anthu ayenera kufunafuna uphungu waukatswiri kuti akhalebe m’lamulo.

Mmene Misonkho Imagwiritsidwira Ntchito: Kuonetsetsa

Ndalama za msonkho zimaperekedwa m’zigawo zosiyanasiyana za boma / / chigawo, boma, ndi malo ena ake. Kumvetsetsa zimenezi kumathandiza nzika kudziŵa kumene ndalama zawo zimapita ndi kulimbikitsa mkangano wokhudza zinthu zofunika kwambiri.

  • [[FLT: 0] Ndalama Zowonongedwa : Mu U.S., zowonongedwa zazikulu za boma ndizo Social Security, Medicaid, chilikizo la dziko, ndi chiwongola dzanja pa ngongole ya dziko. Kuwononga mwanzeru kumaphatikiza maphunziro, zoyendera, sayansi, ndi chithandizo chakunja.
  • Katundu Kupereka: [[FLT :1] yunivesite za United States zosonkhetsa maphunziro (K _12 ndi mayunivesite a anthu onse), zosamalira zaumoyo (Medicaid), zoyendera (m’makwalala ndi m'njira), ziwongolero, ndi maprogramu a chithandizo cha anthu. Kugulitsa misonkho ndi misonkho ya ndalama ndizo magwero aakulu a ndalama.
  • Ndalama za Kumalo Anu: Maboma akumeneko amadalira kwambiri misonkho ya katundu ndi misonkho ya malonda kuti apeze ndalama za sukulu, apolisi ndi madipatimenti a moto, mapaki, malaibulale, ndi kukonzanso zinthu.

Kumvetsetsa Misonkho Yosiyanasiyana

Anthu a m’dzikoli amakhoma misonkho yosiyanasiyana tsiku lililonse, ndipo amafotokoza zambiri zokhudza mitundu ya misonkho imene anthu ambiri amaikonda, kuphatikizapo mmene amaionera ndiponso chifukwa chake imakhala yofunika.

Msonkho

Msonkho wa malipiro amaperekedwa pa malipiro, malipiro, chiwongola dzanja, ndi mitundu ina ya malipiro. Madongosolo ambiri amapita patsogolo, ndi milingo yamalipiro ikuwonjezereka pamene ndalama zikukwera. Ku U.S., msonkho wa malipiro a boma uli ndi mabuloketi asanu ndi aŵiri (10% mpaka 37% mu 2025). Misonkho ya malipiro a boma imasiyana ndi ndalama zowonjezereka, ina njokhala ndi malo, ndipo maiko angapo samapereka msonkho wa ndalama zonse. Kukhoma msonkho (Chisungiko ndi Chisungiko cha Uditso ndi Chilediretso) kumasiyana kwenikweni koma kaŵirikaŵiri kumaikidwa pamodzi ndi misonkhoma ya ndalama.

Agulitsa Msonkho

Msonkho wa msonkho ndi wogulitsidwa pa zinthu ndi ntchito. Ku United States, ziŵerengero za anthu zimayambira pa 0% (maiko ena) kufika pa 10% m’mizinda ina. Makampani a msonkho amabwezanso ndalama chifukwa mabanja otsika a ndalama amawononga ndalama zambiri pa zinthu zolipidwa. Maboma ambiri amasankha zofunika monga chakudya ndi mankhwala.

Msonkho wa Malo

Msonkho wa katundu umaperekedwa pa mtengo wake woyeneretsedwa. Ndiwo gwero lalikulu la ndalama zimene maboma a boma ndi masukulu amayendera. Msonkho wa katundu umasiyanasiyana ndipo umaperekedwa ndi akuluakulu a boma.

Msonkho wa Malamulo

Msonkho wa malipiro amaperekedwa pa phindu la makampani. Mu U.S., mtengo wa msonkho wa bungwe la kampani ndi wokwera 21% (pambuyo pa 2017 Trust Cuts ndi Jobs Act). Maboma angawonjezere msonkho wawo. Ntchito za boma za msonkho za boma, koma kuchuluka kwa msonkho kumatsutsana . Ena amauyambitsa ndi antchito ndi ogula kupyolera mwa malipiro otsika ndi mitengo yokwera.

Likulu Lipeza Msonkho

Makomboni amalandira msonkho wa ndalama zogulitsidwa ndi malonda, monga masheya, mabotolo, ndi malo. Kupeza kwa Lonǵters (kuikizidwa kwa zaka zoposa chimodzi) kumapatsidwa msonkho pamlingo wabwino (0%, 15%, kapena 20%) ku U.S. Kupereka kumeneku kumalimbikitsa kuikizira ndalama komanso kumapindulitsa mabanja olemera.

Kuwononga Misonkho ndi Kukhoma Misonkho

Misonkho yapamwamba imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zinthu monga petulo, mowa, fodya, ndi mfuti. Imakonzedwa kuti iletse anthu kugwiritsa ntchito (chimo la uchimo) kapena kusungitsa mapulogalamu okhudzana ndi kuikizira ndalama m’misewu.

Mmene Mungatsimikizire Kuti Mumachitira Zinthu Moyenera: Njira Zothandiza kwa Nzika

Mwa kukhala ndi zizoloŵezi zabwino ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zinthu zimene zilipo, nzika zingakwaniritse mathayo awo mwachidaliro.

Musasiye Kudziwa Zokhudza Lamulo la Msonkho

Malamulo a msonkho amasintha kaŵirikaŵiri chifukwa cha malamulo, kusintha kwa kukwera kwa mitengo, ndi malamulo a khoti. Zilembetseni kuwonjezera kuchokera ku IRS kapena ulamuliro wa dziko lanu wa msonkho. Mwachitsanzo, IRS imafalitsa Chitsogozo cha Msonkha wa Bizinesi Yaling'ono ndipo nthaŵi zonse imalengeza za kusintha. Kusintha kwakukulu kwa misonkho . Kusintha kwa malamulo a msonkho [1] Konga ngati 2017 Cooms Cuts ndi Jobs Act .

Sungani Zolembera Zolondola ndi Zolinganizidwa

Sungani malisiti, mainvoice, mapepala a kubanki, ndi mapepala kwa zaka zitatu (kapena zaka zochulukirapo pa zinthu zina). Zida za kompyuta zogwiritsa ntchito manambala monga mapulogalamu a accompset, splifit, kapena app (m’chitsanzo, Sciecha Books, Maga) savuta kutumiza zinthu. Ngati muli ndi ntchito ina iliyonse kapena muli ndi ndalama zobwereka, kusungitsa mosamala n’kofunika kuti mutsimikizire ndalama zimene mwalemba.

Fanizo pa Nthaŵi ndi Kupindula Ngati Kuli Koyenera

Fairayi imabwerera ndi nthaŵi yoikidwiratu (momwe mwachidziŵikire April 15 mu U.S.) ngakhale ngati simutha kulipira mokwanira. Kuthamanga kuti mufutukule kumakupatsani miyezi ina isanu ndi umodzi kuti muike m'mafaelo, koma osati kulipira. Ngati muyembekezera kulipira ndalama zoposa $000, lipireni ndalama zokwanira za 250,000 kuti mupeŵe kulandira chilango chochepa. IRS imapereka For 104076ES kaamba ka chifuno chimenechi.

Pemphani Akatswiri Akakuthandizani

Akatswiri a msonkho (CP, olembetsa, kapena maloya a msonkho) angathandize pa zinthu zovuta: ndalama zopezedwa padziko lonse, malonda, ndalama zoikizira ndalama, cholowa, ndi kuŵerengera. IRS imasunga zikalata za akatswiri a msonkho. Ambiri amene amalipira ndalama zochepa amayenerera kaamba ka thandizo laulere kupyolera mwa programu ya Coove Inhome Taxis Conficial (VITA).

Muzigwiritsa Ntchito Boma Ndiponso Intaneti

IS MPUNDO imapereka mafomu a msonkho waulere, malangizo, zofalitsa, ndi ziŵiya zothandizira anthu monga “Kodi Ndani Adzandisankha?” Madipatimenti ambiri a zandalama za boma ali ndi makhonde ofanana. [ CD ya msonkho imapereka matheki a kuyerekezera ndi malangizo a dziko lonse kwa opereka msonkho wamitundu yonse.

Gwiritsirani Ntchito Luso la Zamakono

Programu yokonza msonkho (m'chitsanzo, TurboTax , H&R Block , Traxiyalaser) imakutsogolerani ku zochitika zofala ndi kuyang'ana ngati pali zolakwika. Programu ya IRS Free File imapatsa mapulogalamu aulere a boma kwa anthu amene amapeza ndalama pansi pa pulogalamu inayake. Makompyuta amachepetsa zophophonya ndi kuthamanga kuchotsapo zopinga.

Kumaliza: Chigwirizano cha Msonkho

Kukhoma misonkho si chinthu chovomerezeka kwa lamulo chabe, ndipo ndi mbali yaikulu ya udindo wa onse. Ndalama iliyonse ya msonkho imathandizira maphunziro, thanzi, chitetezo, ndi zinthu zofunika zimene zimapangitsa kutsungula kwamakono kutheka. Pamene nzika zizindikira mmene ntchito ya misonkho imagwiritsidwira ntchito, mmene imagwiritsidwira ntchito, ndi zotsatirapo za kusatsatira malamulo, iwo amaona misonkho kukhala yogwirizana mmalo mwa kuiika mtolo. Mwa kukhala odziŵa bwino, kusunga zolembedwa zolondola, ndi kuchita mathayo panthaŵi yake, aliyense wa ife amathandiza kuchirikiza ubwino wa anthu onse ndi kusunga kukhulupirika kumene kumasungitsa chitaganya pamodzi.