Ukwati wa kutomerana kwa anthu ndi maziko a ulamuliro wa demokrase, makamaka pa mlingo wa kumalo kumene zosankha zambiri zimayambukira moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku (kuyambira pa malamulo ndi ndalama zoyendetsera sukulu kufikira pa mautumiki a zaukhondo ndi aukhondo. Pamene nzika zitenga mbali yokangalika m’kuumba chitaganya chawo, iwo amachita zambiri kuposa kungolankhula malingaliro; iwo amathandiza kupanga malamulo amene amasonyeza zinthu zofunika kwambiri ndi kumanga maziko a chidaliro pakati pa nzika ndi akuluakulu a boma.

Pamaziko ake, pangano la boma limasintha anthu okhala m’dzikolo kukhala opanga malo awo okhala. Kutengamo mbali kumeneku kukhoza kukhala mitundu yambiri , kukonzekera masankho, kutumikira pa mabungwe apafupi, kapena kulinganiza kuyeretsa chitaganya. Kachitidwe kalikonse, kaya ndi kokulira kapena kochepa, kumathandizira kuchititsa boma kukhala lovomereza ndi losaphatikizapo. Kufufuza kuchokera ku [FLT: 0] Center yofufuza, nthaŵi zonse imasonyeza kuti anthu okhala ndi mbali zazikulu za boma akuchitiramo mbali yaikulu akuchitira lipotinso kukhutira ndi mautumiki a anthu onse ndi kuchepetsa kugaŵana kwa ndale. Nkhaniyi imapenda chifukwa chake kuvomereza nkhani za boma chifukwa cha kupanga chosankha cha kumaloko, mmene kumapindulitsira anthu onse ndi zipani, zipusinjo zimene zingaimirire, ndi chikhalidwe, ndi kuchirikizako kuchirikizako.

Kumvetsa Ukwati

Ngakhale kuti liwu lakuti lachipangano chachimuna kaŵirikaŵiri limagwiritsiridwa ntchito mokulira, liri ndi tanthauzo lachindunji m'nkhani ya ulamuliro wa kumaloko. Limatanthauza njira zimene anthu ndi magulu amagwirira ntchito kusonkhezera zosankha za anthu onse, kuthetsa mavuto a m'chitaganya, ndi kuthandiza ku ubwino wa onse. Kapangidwe kabwino kamasiyanitsa pakati pa mitundu itatu ya pangano:

  • pangano la kupambana – ntchito zogwirizana mwachindunji ndi masankho, monga ngati kuvota, kudzipereka kwa ndawala, ndi kusonkhetsa ndalama.
  • pangano lapachipani – kudziloŵetsa m'zochitika zapoyera, kuphatikizapo kupezeka pa misonkhano ya m'mabungwe a mzinda, kupereka ndemanga zapoyera, kapena kutumikira pa mabbodi ophunzitsa.
  • Kutomerana kwa ukwati --'-'act' - kugawana nawo kwamwambo monga kulowa m'gulu la anthu a m’deralo, kudzipereka ndi ntchito yopanda phindu, kapena kusaina fomu.

Mtundu uliwonse umachita mbali yosiyana. Malinga ndi mafotokozedwe a a m'malo a kugawana amapanga motani [[FLT:] zosankha za kugawana, ndipo kugwirizana kumapanga likulu la mayanjano limene limapangitsa kuchita zinthu mogwirizana. Malinga ndi mafotokozedwe a Menkin Psychological Association [[FLT]], kugawana kwa anthu kumaphatikizaponso lingaliro la maganizo a kukhala ndi thayo limene limasonkhezera anthu kuchitapo kanthu. Kulingalira kwa kukhala ndi anthu kwa mayanjano kumayambitsa: popanda, ngakhale kuganikizana ndi ntchito zothandiza.

Kupanga zosankha kumapatsa anthu malo apadera ogwirizana chifukwa chakuti mitengoyo ndi yolimba ndipo mtunda wa pakati pa nzika ndi akuluakulu a boma ndi waufupi. Chigamulo cha magetsi a pamsewu kapena kukonzanso malo chingawonekere, kukhudza, ndi kuchitika ndi anthu a m'deralo. Zimenezi zimachititsa pangano la kumeneko kukhala lodalirika kwambiri kuposa ndale zadziko, ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri limapindulitsa kwambiri. Pamene nzika ziwona kuti ziwonjezedwe zawo zitsogolera ku njira yatsopano ya njinga kapena mtsinje waudongo, iwo ali othekera kwambiri kukhala oloŵetsedwa ndi kukhulupirira njira ya democracy.

Ubwino wa Kugwirizana

Kuchita nawo zinthu mwakhama kumapindulitsa anthu ndiponso anthu ena onse.

Mphamvu ndi Agency

Chipangano cha kutomerana kwa ntchito imathandiza anthu kuzindikira kuti ali ndi mphamvu pa malo awo okhala. Munthu akamalankhula pa malo omvera ndiponso wokonza malowo akasintha zimene akufuna, zokumana nazozo zimakhudza mawu awo. Mphamvu imeneyi kaŵirikaŵiri imapitirira pa nkhani yakuti: anthu amene akuona kuti ndi othandiza m’madera ena a anthu amakhala ndi chidaliro chachikulu m’mbali zina za moyo. Anthu amayesetsa kukonza zonga Dudley Street Cource Arence ku Boston kusonyeza mmene pangano la ukwati lingasinthire m’madera osungidwa, kupatsa nzikazo zosungiramo chuma ndi kupanga zinthu.

Kugwirizana kwa Anthu

Kugwirizana kumamanga maunansi. Kugwira ntchito pamodzi pa malo oyera kapena kukhala pamodzi pa komiti kumapanga mgwirizano womangirira chiphaso cha anthu. Katswiri wa za chikhalidwe cha anthu Robert Putnam akusonyeza kuti anthu okhala ndi mayanjano a boma ogwirizana kwambiri ndi anthu ali opirira kwambiri, ali ndi ziŵerengero zotsika za upandu, ndipo amayankha mogwira mtima kwambiri pamavuto. Mwa mawu enieni, pamene anansi adziŵana kupyolera mwa gulu la zitsekwe kapena m'gulu la mphunzitsi wa kholo, iwo ali othekera kwambiri kuyang'anirana, kugawana ziŵiro, ndi kuthandizana pa mavuto a kumaloko.

Nzika Zodziŵa Bwino Ntchito

Anthu amene amatenga mbali m'maulamuliro a kumaloko amaphunzira bwino za mmene amagwirira ntchito m'mudzi wawo. Amaphunzira za kulephera kwa bajeti, zofunikira zalamulo, ndi kulephera kwa ntchito za malonda m'zosankha za kayendetsedwe ka zinthu. Chidziŵitso chimenechi chimathetsa kulakwika pakati pa zimene nzika zimakhulupirira ndi zimene zikuchitika. Maphunziro a ku Consourity Consorium ya zandale ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu apeza kuti ofufuza amene amapita kumisonkhano yakumaloko kapena kutsata nkhani za boma ali olondola kwambiri pomvetsa bwino za ndalama ndi nkhani za anthu onse zoteteza.

Kuŵerengera Mlandu wa Atsogoleri Akumaloko

Pamene nzika zandandanda zandandal, akuluakulu akudziŵa kuti akuyang'aniridwa. Kupezeka pamisonkhano ya bungwe la mzinda, nyengo zoyankha poyera, ndi makomiti openda kupenda kumapangitsa kuwonekera kumene kumafooketsa ziphuphu ndi kulimbikitsa ulamuliro wolabadira. Kufufuza kwa World Bank kwasonyeza kuti madera okhala ndi kuchuluka kwa kuloŵerera kwa boma akukhala ndi ziŵerengero zotsika za ndalama za anthu. Anthu oloŵetsedwamo angafunse mafunso ovuta, kupempha chidziŵitso cha zochita, ndi kuvota akuluakulu a boma, mwakutero kupangitsa demokrase kukhala yathali.

Moyo Wawo Unakhala Wotukuka

Magulu amene amaika patsogolo pangano la boma kaŵirikaŵiri amawona kuwongolera kooneka: mapaki osungidwa bwino, zoyendera za anthu zogwira ntchito, ndi mautumiki opindulitsa amene amasonyeza zosoŵa zenizeni. Kuthandizira kulinganiza kwa bajeti m'mizinda monga Porto Alegre, Brazil, ndi New York City kwasonyeza kuti pamene nzikazo zisankha mwachindunji mmene zingaperekere mbali ya bajeti ya kampani, maprojekiti otulukapowo amayenderana kwambiri ndi zofunika za chitaganya, kutsogolera ku chikhutiro cha mautumiki a anthu onse. Lipoti la Project yogatationing zinazindikira kuti masinthidwe oterowo akuwonjezereka ndi kudalirana kwa boma.

Njira Zoloŵetsedwamo

Njira yabwino kwambiri yochitira panganoli imadalira zimene munthu akufuna, zimene angapeze, ndiponso zimene angachite.

  • [[FLT: 0] Misonkhano yapoyera yakumaloko. bungwe la mzinda, bungwe la sukulu, makampani omanga malo, ndi misonkhano ya laibulale nthaŵi zambiri imakhala yotseguka kwa anthu. Ngakhale ngati simulankhula, kumvetsera kumapereka chidziŵitso chopindulitsa cha mmene zosankha zimachitidwira. Misonkhano yambiri imatsatiridwa pa Intaneti, kupangitsa kupezekapo kukhala kosavuta.
  • M'malo osiyanasiyana a bungwe kapena a komiti. Ochuluka a makampani ali ndi makampani olinganiza zinthu [1] makampani opanga mapulaneti, mabodi a mapaki, mabungwe a maunansi a anthu amene amafunikira ziŵalo za nzika. Magawo ameneŵa amapereka malo aumwini pathebulo lopanga zosankha.
  • Kuchotsa mayanjano a m'dera. Magulu a udzu ameneŵa kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala ndi khutu la akuluakulu a boma a kumaloko ndipo angachirikize kuwongolera konga kukhazikitsa bata mayendedwe a galimoto, kukonza makwalala, kapena kuwonjezera apolisi olondera.
  • Partipate m'mayeso a chitaganya ndi ma enum. [[FLT :1] Maboma ambiri akumeneko tsopano ali ndi mashopu ogwirira ntchito kapena kugaŵira mayeso panthaŵi ya kukonzekera. Kuwonjezera malingaliro anu kuli njira yochepera yokhudza zotsatira zake.
  • Kudziwitsa m'masankho alionse a kumaloko. Bologa ya Sukulu, meya, msonkhano wa mzinda, woyang'anira dera, ndi woyang'anira thauti, zonse zimakhudza moyo wa kumaloko. Kutumiza kuli maziko a pangano, komabe masankho a kumaloko kaŵirikaŵiri amatsika kwambiri. Kulimbikitsa mabwenzi ndi anansi kuti avote chiyambukiro.
  • Gwiritsirani ntchito bwino mapulatifomu a manambala. Kugwirizana ndi maakaunti a wailesi, kusaina mapepala a makampani, ndi kutenga nawo mbali m'mapepala opereka ndemanga pa Intaneti. Samalani ndi zipinda za algorith-driven; kuika zinthu zofunika m’malo a boma.
  • Zochitika za chitaganya zopititsa. Alimi misika, mapwando otsekera, mapwando amwambo, ndi mayanjano othandizira sikungawoneke kukhala kwandale zadziko, koma amamanga kugwirizana kwa mayanjano kumene kumachirikiza kachitidwe ka boma.

Mavuto a Kugonana ndi Mwamuna Kapena Mkazi

Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri amapindula kwambiri, kumvetsetsa zinthu zimenezi n’kofunika kwambiri kuti athe kuzigonjetsa.

Kusalabadira ndi Kuphatikana

Mbali yaikulu ya anthu imaona kuti kutenga nawo mbali sikungasinthe. Kuzindikira kuti kugwira ntchito bwino n’kochepa makamaka kwa achinyamata okhala m’dzikolo ndi awo okhala m’madera otsika, amene angakhale atapatulidwa. Ovota a boma amasankha masankho a kumaloko kaŵirikaŵiri amasintha pafupifupi 20-30%, chizindikiro chochititsa chidwi cha kutaya mtima. Kusalabadira kumafuna kusonyeza kuti mwamwamwambo wa konkire akupambana / kuti ntchito ya boma itulutsa zotulukapo.

Kusoŵa Chidziŵitso ndi Kusoŵeka Kwake

Anthu ambiri a m’derali sadziwa za misonkhano yomwe ikubwera, malamulo ogwirizana, kapena mmene angaloŵetsere m'nkhani. Maboma a m'derali amadalira pa wailesi kapena pa mabudi a mauthenga, amene sangafikire anthu atsopano kapena olankhula Chingelezi. Magawo a manambala amathandizanso: pamene kuli kwakuti anthu ena ali ndi zipangizo zolimbikitsira pa Intaneti, ena alibe njira zambiri zopitira kapena zophunzirira.

Nthaŵi Yochepa

Masiku ano anthu sapeza mpata wogwira ntchito zina. Anthu ambiri amagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, amapita kutali, kapena ali ndi udindo wosamalira anthu amene sakwanitsa kusonkhana madzulo a mlungu. Ngakhale anthu odzipereka angavutike kupezeka pa zochitika zonse zofunika. Kusinthasinthasintha zinthu monga kuyankha pa misonkhano ya mlungu, mapulogalamu a kumapeto kwa mlungu, kapena kagulu ka anthu omvetsera zinthu zimene zikuwalepheretsa kumvetsera.

Kuopa Kubwezera

Kulankhula nkhani zotsutsana kukhoza kukhala ndi ngozi. Anthu okhala m'deralo angadabwe ndi mavuto ochokera kwa anansi awo, mabwana awo, kapena zinthu zamphamvu zakomweko. M'madera ovuta kapena m’matauni aang'ono, kusuliza anthu kwa nduna ya nthaŵi yaitali kungayambitse kusagwirizana kwa anthu. Kupanga njira zoperekera ndemanga zosadziŵika bwino ndi kutsimikizira kuti misonkhano yapoyera njotetezereka, kumathandiza kuchepetsa mantha ameneŵa.

Kusadalira Mabungwe

Kukhumudwa ndi boma, ziphuphu, kapena akuluakulu a boma osamvera kungapangitse anthu kutaya mtima. Kusakhulupirira nthaŵi zambiri kumakhala kuyankha kwanzeru pa zolakwa zakale. Kukonza kumafunikira kuonekeratu, kuyendera limodzi, ndi kuyesayesa kooneka kuti muphatikizepo anthu amene angotchulidwa mbiri yakale. Kudalirana si njira yochedwa, koma kumayamba ndi zitsanzo zazing'ono, zosasinthasintha za kukhulupirika.

Kulimbikitsa Ubwenzi Wauchiŵanda

Kuti tigonjetse mavuto a pangano la ukwati, timafunika kuchita zinthu zina ndi boma komanso ndi mabungwe ena a m’dziko lathu.

Maphunziro ndi Kuphunzira

Maphunziro a Chibic ayenera kuyamba msanga, m'masukulu, ndi kupitiriza ndi maprogramu a maphunziro a achikulire. Anthu ambiri saphunzira mmene boma lawo la kumaloko lalinganizidwira, mmene angapezere woimira wa bungwe lawo, kapena mmene angakonzere kudandaula. Malaibulale a anthu onse, makoleji, ndi magulu osapanga phindu angayambitse malo oyambira nkhani monga “Kudziŵa Malo Anu Okhalako Achuma" kapena“ Mmene Mungalankhulire pa Public Healog. . . Anthu amene amamvetsa bwino kwambiri dongosolo la zinthu ali ndi oyenerera kuligwiritsira ntchito.

Mapulasitala Opezeka Komanso Opezeka M’zinenero Zambiri

Maminiti a msonkhano, mapulogalamu, ndi machenjezo a anthu ayenera kupezeka m'zinenero zambiri ndi kudzera m'masitepe ambiri . Malo a pa Intaneti amene amalola anthu kuyankhadi Madrid Madrid [1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kuyanjana ndi Kuloŵerera

Kuyesayesa kwa kuvomerezana kuyenera kufikira dala anthu ocheperapo: obwereka, osalandira ndalama, mabanja ochepera olandira, achichepere, ndi anthu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana . Izi zingatanthauze kuchita misonkhano m'malo mwa holo ya mzinda, kupereka mautumiki a ana ndi kumasulira, kapena otenga nawo mbali a nthaŵi yawo (m., kudzera m'mabungwe othandizira). National CBIN League’s [FLT: 0] All-America City Award. [[FL:1]

Kuŵerengeredwa ndi Zopereka Zobwezera M’mbuyo

Pamene nzika zitengamo mbali, zopereka zawo ziyenera kuvomerezedwa. Izi zingakhale zosavuta monga kuwathokoza pamsonkhano, kufalitsa ndandanda ya antchito odzifunira m’kalata, kapena kupereka zikalata zoyamikiridwa. Chofunika kwambiri nchakuti maboma ayenera kutseka chikalatacho mwa kufotokoza mmene zothandizira anthu zinakhudzira chosankha, kapena ngati sizinatero, chifukwa chake. Kuona tsatanetsatane wa zotsatirapo kumakulitsa kukhulupirira ndi kulimbikitsa kutengamo mbali m’tsogolo.

Ntchito ya Boma Lakumeneko Yothandiza

Akuluakulu a boma komanso anthu ena a m’mizinda amathandiza kuti anthu azikhala ogwirizana ndi anthu a m’dzikolo. Atsogoleri amene amapempha mfundo za boma, kumvetsera popanda kudziteteza, ndiponso kuona ndemanga za anthu monga chinthu chofunika kwambiri m’malo mokhumudwa, amalimbikitsa anthu kuti azigwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana monga kukonza bajeti, kukambirana za anthu, ndiponso kuyang’anira malo ochitira panganolo, amaonetsetsa kuti panganoli si chinthu chimodzi chokha chimene chikuchitika koma kuti likhale chinthu chosatha. Anthu a ku mizinda monga Seattle ndi Aus ndi Austin adzipereka kwambiri kuti athandize kukhazikitsa malamulo a boma ndi kukhazikitsa ukwati, ndipo zimenezi zikusonyeza kufunika kwake.

Kumaliza

Umoyo wa demokrase yakumaloko umadalira pa kuloŵerera kwamphamvu kwa nzika zake. Chipangano cha Covinic chimatsimikizira kuti anthu oyambukiridwa kwambiri ndi zosankha ali ndi chilengezo m’kupanga izo, chotulukapo cha malamulo amene amalabadira, kulingana, ndi ogwira ntchito. Mapindu . Kuthandiza (emomsing, kugwirizana, kuŵerengera, ndi mkhalidwe wabwino wa moyo , zikutsimikiziridwa bwino, monganso mavuto a mphwayi, nthaŵi, ndi kusadalirana. Kulaka mavuto ameneŵa kumafuna kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa maphunziro, mapulatifomu, ndi nyumba za boma zimene zimaika nzika pa malo apakati.

Chipangano si chinthu chimodzi koma unansi wopitirizabe pakati pa nzika ndi mabungwe awo. Munthu aliyense angayambe pang'ono: kupezeka pamsonkhano umodzi, kuŵerenga nkhani imodzi, kulankhula ndi mnansi mmodzi ponena za nkhani ya kumaloko. Mkupita kwa nthaŵi, zochita za munthu mmodzizi zimasonkhanitsidwa m’mphamvu zimene zimachititsa anthu kukhala ndi moyo wabwino. Mtsogolo mwa ulamuliro wa kumaloko sikuli m'zimene boma limachitira kwa nzika zake, koma m’zimene limachitira ndi [aFLT].