Chiyambi: Kugwirizana kwa Ndalama kwa Bungwe la ku Australia

Bungwe la Australian Treasury limagwira ntchito monga bungwe lalikulu la kayendetsedwe ka zachuma ndi kuyang'anira ntchito ya dziko. Mabungwe ameneŵa amatumikira ndi bungwe la World Bank Bank , ndi bungwe la Asian Development Bank (ADB). Mwa kugwira ntchito kwambiri ndi mabungwe a mayiko osiyanasiyanawa, kampani ya Australia imathandiza kuti chuma cha padziko lonse chikhale chotukuka, ndipo imatsimikizira kuti malamulo a Australia akuonekera m'zachuma cha mayiko osiyanasiyana. Nkhaniyi ikufufuza mmene malonda a bungwe la za ndalama ndi IB, chifukwa chake, ndi zotsatira zake za ku Australia ndi chigawo chochuluka.

Kutomerana sikumangochitika. Australia ndi chiŵalo choyambitsa bungwe la Breton Woods ndipo wapitirizabe kukhala ndi moyo wamphamvu m'mabungwe awo. Mwa zopereka za ndalama, ukatswiri wa zaluso, ndi likulu la zaukulu, Treasury imatsimikizira kuti mawu a Australia amvedwa m'matsutsana za kukhazikika kwa chuma cha dziko lonse, zachuma, ndi za m'zachuma, ndi za mliri wakupha. Unansi umenewu ndi: KUGWIRITSA Australia ndi chuma champhamvu, kuchirikiza njira zoyendetsera, ndi malo opangira malamulo amene amalamulira kudutsa malire a likulu. Mtengo wa International State ndi Departmentation Iprovision ugwirizanitsa ntchitoyi, liaing ndi Department of Foreign and Treals and Treserves of the Australia ofs of the Australian proted mes mes memb.

Mabungwe Azachuma Apadziko Lonse ndi Ntchito ya Australia

Ndalama Zothandizira Anthu Ovutika Padziko Lonse (IMF)

IMF ndi bungwe lalikulu lotetezera mgwirizano wapadziko lonse wa ndalama ndi kukhazikika kwa chuma. Australia ili ndi mpando pa bungwe la IMF’s Figadent Board, kuimira kuvomereza kumene kumaphatikizapo maiko angapo a pa zisumbu za Pacific ndi maiko ena. Ndalama imatsogolera Australia kugwirizana ndi IMF , kukambitsirana kwa kayendetsedwe ka chuma cha dziko lonse ndi kuthandizira kukambirana za malamulo okhudza kusakhazikika kwa dziko lonse, malamulo osinthana, ndi ngongole. Mlingo wa Australia mu IMF – pafupifupi 1.36% ya zigawo zonse – imapatsa ufulu wosankha ndi kulowa m'mapangano. Panthaŵi za mavuto a zachuma, monga 2008 za KHOVID , mlirikiti ya IMF, yathandiza ndi IMF kukulitsa ufulu wapadera (SR) ndi kuchepetsa chuma cha Pacific.

Gulu la Banki ya Dziko Lonse

Australia ndi chiŵalo cha International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) ndi International Development Association (IDA), kulola kwa World Bank kupatsa mphamvu maiko osauka kwambiri. Ndalama imagwirizanitsa zopereka za Australia ku kuwonjezera ndi kuwongolera maprogramu a World Bank ku Southeast Asia ndi Pacific. Mwa ntchito yake monga wopereka ndi wosunga, Australia imasonkhezera zinthu zofunika za ntchito za World Bank, monga kusungitsa ndalama m'mphamvu, nyumba zosungiramo chuma, ndi mliri wokonzekera. Ndalama zimagwiranso ntchito ndi International Genetic Corporation (IFC) kuti ipite ku gulu la anthu odzitetezera ntchito m'malo amene Australia ili ndi ntchito yabwino, monga New Guinea ndi East Timores.

Banki Yotukuka ya ku Asia (ADB)

ADB ndi yofunika kwambiri kwa Australia. Australia ndi malo amodzi apakati a makampani a ADB ndipo ali ndi mpando pa Bodi lake la Otsogolera. Treasurer imagwirizanitsa malo a ku Australia pa maprogramu a kukongola, chithandizo cha maluso, ndi magome a zamalonda. Zinthu zofunika kwambiri zaposachedwapa zimaphatikizapo kuyendetsa malo a madera a Pacific ndi kuchirikiza malo apadera a madera amodzi m'zisumbu ndi kuchirikiza “kuchepetsa 2030".

Njira Zoloŵerana: Mmene Zipangizo za Kampani Zimagwirira Ntchito

Kugwirizana kwa Kayendedwe ka Ndalama ndi IF IF kwaikidwa m'magawo ambiri, kuphatikiza mwalamulo, kukambitsirana, ndi kugwirizana kwa ntchito. Imodzi ya njira zowoneka kwambiri ndiyo Bank yapadziko lonse ndi IF Spring ndi Mipingo ya Chaka ndi Chaka, inachitika pa April ndi October. Akuluakulu a Kompani ya Ndalama ya Ofesi amatsogolera nthumwi za ku Australia, kutengamo mbali m'magawo a zaudindo, misonkhano yapansi kwa atumiki a za ndalama, ndi malo ochitirako ntchito za umisika. Mabungwe ameneŵa ndi kumene malamulo a zachuma apadziko lonse amatsutsana ndi dziko lonse lapansi ndi zikondwere zake – monga kulimbitsa ukonde wa zachuma wa zisumbu zazing'ono kapena kupititsa patsogolo malamulo a misika ya malonda.

Pambuyo pa misonkhano, Khate imathandizira kukhazikitsa malamulo kupyolera m'magulu ogwira ntchito ndi mabungwe operekera malangizo. Mwachitsanzo, G20 Genance Rack, imene Australia inatsogolera pamodzi m'mabungwe akale, kaŵirikaŵiri imadalira pa kusanthula kuchokera ku IMF ndi World Bank. Ndalama imathandiziranso kulinganiza ndi Financial Stability Board (FSB) pa nkhani za kuyendetsa zinthu ndi kuyendetsa (OECD) pa kuonekera ndi miyezo ya kulamulira kwa misonkho – ngakhale kuti OECD siiyo II m’lingaliro lamwambo, imayendera limodzi m'ntchito.

Njira ina yovuta ndiyo chithandizo cha maluso. Akuluakulu a zachuma a Australia amapatsidwa mphamvu ya kukonza kapena kutumikira monga oyang'anira ndalama za IFF, njira za ngongole, ndi maulamuliro a anthu onse m'maiko amene amagwirizana. Kugwirizana kumeneku “kumbali ya Pacific ndi Southeast Asia kumamanga mphamvu ya kulinganiza zinthu m'madera a Pacific ndi Asia, kuchirikiza chidziŵitso chozama cha malamulo a Australia. Kupanganso madongosolo amwaŵi amene amatheketsa chidziŵitso chogaŵana mkati mwa mavuto.

Zopereka zandalama ndizo zogwirizana kwambiri. Australia imalonjeza kuti idzalola ndalama ndi kupatsa IDA, ADB’S Asian Development Fund, ndi IMF’s Poverty Reduction ndi Growth Trust (PRGT). Treasurer imayang'anira likululiroli, kutsimikizira kuti izo nzogwirizana ndi bajeti ya Australia ndi malamulo achilendo. Mu 20237624 bajeti ya AUD, Australia inapereka AUD 400 miliyoni ku IMF’S PRGTT ndi AUD 300 miliyoni ku mawindo obwereketsa ndalama zobwereketsa. Ndalama zimenezi siziri zothandizira kuthandiza anthu; zimathandiza kuchepetsa chuma chakutha mphamvu zimene ziripo chifukwa cha malonda a Australia ndi chitetezo.

Kufufuza za Mliri wa Ndalama mu Khirisimasi 23IFI

Kuyankha ku Chovid 8819 Pandemic

Mliriwo unayesa kukhoza kwa Kayendedwe ka bungwelo kugwirizanitsa ndi IF pansi pa chitsenderezo chachikulu. Mu 2020, Australia inachirikiza kuwonjezereka kwa mwamsanga kwa malo othandizira anthu pangozi, kuphatikizapo Caastrorhe Complete and Relifix ndi Lavement . Konsati ofesi inagwira ntchito ndi bungwe la ADB ndi World Bank kuthamanga ndi kuchirikiza thanzi la mayiko a Pacific, kuchotsa mphamvu zimene zinalola maiko kugula akatemera ndi mankhwala. Australia inagwiritsiranso ntchito malo ake m'kaudindo ka IMF'kasupe kuti abwezeretse kugaŵa kwa mbiri ya USDR mu August 202. Kugaŵa kumeneku kunathandiza mayiko a m'mayiko a m'dzikolomokha, ndi kugawa chigawo cha Australia, ndi kupatsa chigawo cha SDRR ku ARFive ku Arnement ndi mayiko amene amathandiza kukhazikitsanso madera ozungulira.

Ntchito ya Kayendedwe ka Ndalamayo si yongofuna ndalama zokha. Inathandizanso kupanga malamulo: Akuluakulu a ku Australia anathandiza kukonza malangizo a IMF okhudza kuyendetsa ngongole m’mayiko aang’ono ndipo anasonkhezera kuti pakhale kupenda kwa nyengo m’Chigawo cha IV. Zoyesayesa zimenezi zinasonyeza mmene pangano la za Ndalama la Unduna la KHRIS lingapitirizire kuposa kusonkhezera kwenikweni kuyendetsa DNA ya IFI.

Ndalama za M’nyanja ya Pacific

Kusintha kwa nyengo ndiko chiwopsezo chimodzi chachikulu kwambiri pa zisumbu za Pacific, ndipo IFO ndi misewu yaikulu ya zanyengo. Australia yagwiritsira ntchito ziŵalo zake za ADB ndi World Bank kuyendetsa likulu lomangitsiranso mphamvu, chitetezo cha gombe, ndi ulimi wolimba. Mwachitsanzo, “Pacificial Climate Change Programme ," – cobaifanced ndi Australia – yachirikiza ma solarkirirards ku Kiribati ndi nyanja ya Fiji. Komiti ya Umboni, ikugwira ntchito ndi Dipatimenti ya Chande, Energy, Envity, ndi Water , imathandiza kukhazikitsa njira za zoyendetsera ndalama zimenezi ndi kuyendera ntchito zawo pa ku Australia.

Ku World Bank, Australia wakhala wochirikiza wamawu wa “State and Development Report , , yomwe imagwirizanitsa banki ndi zolinga za dziko. Mu 2023, Treasury inachirikiza mapu a chisinthiko a World Bank amene anawonjezera malo ake owonjezera kuchokera pa 28% mpaka 45% ya mapangano onse pofika 2025. Pamene kuli kwakuti imeneyi ndi chikole cha dziko lonse, pangano la Australia linatsimikizira kuti zinthu zofunika za Pacific zinaphatikizidwa, monga kutsika kwa ngozi ndi kulola kuloŵetsedwa.

Mapindu a Kuloŵa Pamodzi Kwakukulu

Ntchito ya Ndalama ya ku Australia ndi IFOARH ikupereka mapindu ambiri odabwitsa amene amalungamitsa nthaŵi yofunika ndi chuma choperekedwa ku iyo.

Kupirira kwa magetsi ndi khoka lamphamvu la chitetezo : mwa kutengamo mbali m'machenjera ndi kuyang'anira, Australia amapeza chenjezo la dziko lonse la zachuma ndipo angasinthe malamulo ake mogwirizana ndi. IFA imaperekanso kubwereketsa komalizira kwa maiko amene ali m'mavuto, kuchepetsa upandu wa kuloŵerera kwa mabanki a Australia ndi a amalonda. Mwachitsanzo, mkati mwa mavuto a zachuma a 199798, maprogramu a IMF ku Thailand ndi Indonesia anathandiza kugulitsa katundu ndi kuchotsa katundu wa Australia. Posachedwapa, kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa ma IMF kwamphamvu a AIMF kwamphamvu ya ku Pacific kwadziwonetsera popanda kubwereka kwamwaŵitsa.

Kusintha malamulo a dziko lonse : IFOL : IFON IMENE ili kumene malamulo a zachuma akukambidwa. Mwa mipando yake pa mabungwe a mabwana ndi kutengamo mbali m’makomiti, malamulo a Kayendedwe ka Ndalama pa kukonzanso ngongole (m., Common Frames), kuyang'anira kwa mali, ndi malamulo a zamagetsi. Australia wagwiritsira ntchito chisonkhezero chimenechi kupititsa patsogolo mapangano a ngongole zazikulu ndi kuchirikiza njira zofanana ndi “Malamulo a G20 a Chikhomomon cha Cholamulira Chosankha. Mtengo wa Khiriotala imathandiza kutsimikizira kuti malamulo akwanitsidwa pakati pa [1]

Kusintha kwa maprogramu awo kogwirizana ndi zikondwerero za Australia [1]: KUFO ndi njira zogwira mtima kwambiri zoperekera chithandizo chifukwa chakuti zipinda zoyendetsera ndizo zogwiritsira ntchito, madongosolo awo a katenga ngovuta, ndipo maprojekiti awo kaŵirikaŵiri ngokulira m'miyeso kuposa imene maprogramu a zachuma okha angafikire. Ku Australia, njirayi ikutanthauza kuti dola iliyonse yopereka ku ADB kapena ID yawonjezereka kangapo. Uyang'aniro wa KAMBIZI umatsimikizira kuti ndalama zimenezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera amene amagwirizana ndi malamulo akunja a Australia – makamaka kukhazikika kwa Pacific, kusintha kwa zachuma ku Southeast Asia, ndi kuchirikiza malamulo ambiri otsatizana.

imajambula maluso a zopangapanga a dziko lapansi [1]: Madipatimenti a zofufuza a IMF ndi World Bank atulutsa kufufuza kochuluka kwa kulingana pa nkhani kuyambira pa msonkho kupita ku malamulo a zachuma. Ndalama imaikapo chidziŵitso chimenechi mwa maphunziro, maprogramu ophunzitsa, ndi mapulogalamu achiŵiri. “gulu la anthu amakono" limathandiza akuluakulu a boma a Australia kukhalabe patsogolo pa kachitidwe kabwino koposa m'malamulo a dziko lonse, kuyang'anira ngongole, ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo a macrobza. Imaperekanso magwero osatenga mbali m’chiyambi cha malangizo amene angagwiritsiridwe ntchito kudziŵitsa mikangano ya boma.

Mavuto Amene Analipo Komanso Mavuto Amene Analipo

Kugwirizana ndi IFID kulibe kutsutsana. Vuto lina lobwerezabwereza ndilo lingaliro lakuti ngati ali audindo opambanitsa ndi ochedwa kuyankha ku mavuto othamanga. Nthaŵi zina Treasury imakakamizidwa kaamba ka njira zokhala ndi kupereŵera pa ADB ndi World Bank, koma kusintha nkovuta chifukwa cha chiŵerengero cha oloŵa mmalo ndi zikondwerero zosinthasintha. Vuto lina limabuka chifukwa cha kupikisana kwa kukhala wopereka ndi wosunga. Australia iyenera kulinganiza chikhumbo chake cha kubwereketsa ndalama zake ndi ndalama zake, ndipo panthaŵi zina Kbanki iyenera kusankha pakati pa programu yaikulu ya I ndi ndalama zimene zimathandizira kutulutsa zotulukapo zambiri.

Palinso nkhani ya “mawu ndi kuimira”. Monga mphamvu yapakati, Australia siigwiritsa ntchito chisonkhezero chofanana ndi cha United States, China, kapena Japan. Akuluakulu a Treasury ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito zigwirizano – monga maiko a Pacific Forum kapena magulu ogwira ntchito modzikweza malo awo. M'IMF, kukhazikitsa boma la Australia kumaphatikizapo maboma aang'ono angapo okhala ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Opereka ndalama aika kampaniyo kumanga chikhulupiriro kwa anzawo ameneŵa, koma njirayo ndiyo nthaŵi ya [1]

Pomalizira pake, pali kuvuta kowonjezereka kwa ntchito ya ku China mu IFIS ndi kukhazikitsa mabungwe ena onga Asian Indrapublicment Investment Bank (IIB). Pamene kuli kwakuti Australia ali chiŵalo choyambitsa AIB, pangano la Treasury ndi ilo lakuchenjera kwambiri kuposa ndi A DB kapena World Bank. Bungwe liyenera kuyang'ana kuzungulira dziko pamene likutsimikizira kuti mabungwe a boma a China samanyalanyaza miyezo ya ulamuliro imene Australia amasunga. Kulinganiza kumeneku kumafuna kuyang'aniridwa ndi kulinganiza kowonekera bwino kwa zikondwerero za Australia.

Malamulo Amtsogolo: Mbali Yoyang’anira Ndalama

Kuyang'ana kutsogolo, pangano la Feektria ndi IFOR lidzakhala lowonjezereka m'madera atatu. Choyamba, ndalama za zanyengo zidzakhalabe chinthu chofunika kwambiri. Treasury idzakhala yofunika kukonza “Climate àst àmest project” ya ADB ndi windo la World Bank la“ Floavenment Roadmap" limene likufunitsitsa kugwirizanitsa zonulirapo za nyengo m'ntchito zonse. Australia imayembekezeredwa kuchirikiza chuma chowonjezereka chololera kuzoloŵera ku Pacific, mwinamwake kupyolera mwa thumba la kudalirana lakudalirana.

Chachiwiri, ndalama za magetsi ndiponso kukwera kwa makompyuta a pakati pa banki kumakhala ndi nkhani zatsopano za IF. IMF ikufufuza kale mfundo za CBDC ndi kutsekereza zidutswa za CPtoāset, ndipo Khate ya ku Australia ingafunikire kutsimikizira kuti zinthu za Australia zikhale bwino, makamaka kukhazikika kwa dola ya Australia ndi kulimba kwa dongosolo la ndalama zolipirira – zikutetezedwa. Maboma a Australia akukankhira kumbuyo malamulo apadziko lonse omwe amaletsa kugaŵanika kwa zidutswa, zimene zingawononge malonda a Australia ku Asia.

Chachitatu, thanzi la chuma cha padziko lonse lidzapitirizabe kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Pokhala ndi milingo yambiri ya dziko lonse ndi ziŵerengero za chiwongola dzanja zokwera, maiko ambiri otukuka kumene akuyang'anizana ndi mavuto a ngongole. Treasury yachirikiza kupangidwa kwa IMF kwa “Kuvomereza ndi Kusunga Kukhulupirika” ndi kugwiritsira ntchito kowonjezereka kwa World Bank ku chitsimikizo cha kutsekereza likulu la anthu wamba. M'nthaŵi yapakati, pangano la zachuma lingakonzetse kusintha njira ya IMF kuti isonyeze bwino kulemera kwa chuma champhamvu monga Australia ndi zigawo zake.

Pomalizira pake, Kayendedwe ka Ndalama kadzapitirizabe kuikizira ku likulu la anthu. Programu ya Australian Public Service “II Is Cadre”, yoyendetsedwa ndi Khirisitale, yoyendetsa sitima zapakati pa 88 akuluakulu a IF, World Bank, ndi ADB. Zimenezi sizimangokulitsa luso la boma la Australia komanso zimapanganso maalmuni amene amamvetsetsa AIFI akafuna kukonza galimoto. M’zaka khumi zikubwerazi, kadi ameneyu adzakhala wofunika kwambiri kutsimikizira kuti Australia ipambana mphamvu yake m'maumoyo wa mayiko osiyanasiyana.

Kumaliza

Bungwe la Australian Treasury ndi bungwe la zachuma la mayiko onse limathandiza kwambiri kuti dziko la Australia likhale lolimba, likhale ndi mphamvu zambiri kuposa kupezeka pa pulogalamu ya kayendetsedwe ka zinthu. Mwa kuchita nawo ntchito yoyendetsa, kuyendetsa ntchito, ndi kukonza madongosolo a bungwe la IMF, World Bank, ndi ADB, TH imathandiza kuti likhale ndi chuma chokhazikika, lizithandiza kwambiri kuteteza dziko la Asia, ndipo limathandiza kwambiri kuti likhale ndi mphamvu yosintha zinthu padziko lonse. Mavuto a kusintha zinthu padziko lonse, makampani, ndi kuchepa kwa chuma kumafuna njira zosavuta ndi kukonza zinthu. Komabe, ngakhale kuti likhale chikoka champhamvu kwambiri, liwu lomveka, ndi chitukuko champhamvu kwambiri, limachititsa kuti ndalama zikhale ngati ntchito ya dziko limodzi lamphamvu kwambiri la dziko la Australia. Kusinthasinthasintha kwa nyengo, ndi kuchuluka kwa kayendedwe kayendetsende, ndi kuyendetsa ntchito ya zachuma kwa makampani, ndi kuyendetsa ntchito ya zachuma kwa a zachuma padziko lonse lapansi ndi kuyendetsa ntchito.

Zogwirizanitsa zapanja kaamba ka kuŵerenga kowonjezereka: