Kumvetsa kugwirizana kodabwitsa kwa malamulo a boma ndi njira zosamalira zaumoyo n’kofunika kwambiri m'mabanja amene akuyendera malo ovuta kwambiri a zaumoyo. Zosankha za boma za m’deralo zingakhudze kwambiri kupezeka kwa zipatala, kupezeka kwake, ndi kupezeka kwake, ndi kuchuluka kwa njira zaumoyo. Pamene kuli kwakuti malamulo a boma ndi boma kaŵirikaŵiri amayendera nkhani za m'chigawo, mzinda, ndi mitu ya m'matauni kumene ziyambukiro zambiri za moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Kuchokera ku ndalama za machipatala a m’deralo ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo amene amapanga malamulo a malo osungirako zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Nkhaniyi imafufuza madera kumene malamulo a boma a m'dzikolo amayenderana ndi zosankha za za zaumoyo, kupereka chidziŵitso cha mmene mabanja angachirikize bwino zosoŵa zawo ndi kupanga zosankha zawo.

Zimene Boma Limachita Posamalira Thanzi

Boma la kumaloko limachita mbali yofunika kwambiri pogwirizanitsa malamulo a zaumoyo amene amayambukira mwachindunji mabanja. Malamulo ameneŵa angasiyane ndi ndalama za madipatimenti a zaumoyo a kumaloko ndi kuyendetsa zipatala ndi mautumiki. Mosiyana ndi maprogramu a boma monga Medicare kapena Medicaid, njira za kumaloko kaŵirikaŵiri zimayendera kuchuluka kwa anthu ndi mavuto a anthu. Mwachitsanzo, dera lakumidzi lingaike malo apamwamba a zachuma, pamene mzinda wa m'tauni umasumika maganizo pa makliniki ndi mautumiki a zangozi.

Mbali zikuluzikulu za ulamuliro wa boma lakwanuko ndi izi:

  • Kumanga kaamba ka njira zaumoyo wa anthu onse [1] - bajeti za kumaloko zimandandal'a ndi katemera, kuyang'anira matenda, ndi mkupiti wa maphunziro a zaumoyo.
  • [[ML:0] Kuvomereza kwa osamalira zaumoyo [1] – Mabungwe operekera ndi madipatimenti a zaumoyo amakhazikitsa miyezo ya zipatala, zipatala, ndi asing'anga aliyense payekha.
  • Kuphatikiza maprogramu a zaumoyo - mabungwe a boma ndi a boma akuchititsa maprogramu onga Akazi, Ana, ndi Ana (Wic) kapena mautumiki a zamaganizo a m'chitaganya.
  • Kufufuza kwa zaumoyo – kufufuza kokhazikika kumasonyeza mavuto aakulu koposa a thanzi m'chigawo, kutsogoza malamulo.

Maboma a m’dzikolo amathandizananso ndi mabungwe osapanga phindu komanso mabungwe ena odziimira okha. Mwachitsanzo, mzinda ungaike chipatala chaulere m'dera losasamalidwa bwino kapena kupereka zisonkhezero za msonkho kuti zikope akatswiri a zachipatala kumadera amene akufunikira thandizo.

Kupeza Njira Zosamalira Thanzi Ndiponso Kukhoza Kuthandiza

Mabanja angaone kuti njira zothandizira anthu odwala ndi zimene zimayendera malamulo a boma a m'dera lawo. Mabanja amalephera kusankha chithandizo chamankhwala chifukwa cha ntchito zimene apeza m’dera lawo. Malo a malo ozungulira, ndalama zimene amapeza, ngakhalenso zipangizo za kayendedwe, zonsezo zimadalira pa malamulo a m'dzikolo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zofunika kwambiri.

Zina mwa zinthu zimene zimapangitsa kuti anthu azivutika ndi:

  • Kugwirizana ndi zipatala ndi zipatala [1] – malamulo a Zoning ndi kulinganiza malo amasankha kumene angamangidwe. Mabanja m'midzi yomangidwa chatsopanoyo angasoŵere zosankha ngati boma la kumaloko silinalamulire zigwirizano za zaumoyo m'madera amenewo.
  • Kupezeka kwa akatswiri [[FLT :1] madera akumidzi kaŵirikaŵiri amavutika kukopa akatswiri chifukwa cha kuchepetsa ndalama zobwezeredwa ndi kuchepa kwa chithandizo cha akatswiri. Maprogramu a kulipira ndalama za kumaloko angalimbikitse akatswiri kuzoloŵera m'midzi yosadalirika.
  • Zosankha za kuulutsa – Pamene kuli kwakuti inshuwalansi yaikidwa kwambiri pamlingo wa boma, maboma a m'dziko angasonkhezere makonzedwe operekedwa kupyolera m'maprogramu a zaumoyo wa anthu kapena mwa kupanga mapangano ogulira mabizinesi aang'ono.
  • Mautumiki opititsa patsogolo ntchito zachipatala --kuŵerengera kochuluka kumagwira ntchito pulogalamu ya zamankhwala yosayendera bwino. Popanda mautumiki otero, mabanja opanda galimoto amayang'anizana ndi zopinga zazikulu za chisamaliro chanthaŵi zonse.

Zitsanzo za Atsogoleli a Maboma Omwe Anachititsa Kuti Anthu Azipezana

Maboma a m'dziko angapereke malamulo amene amayambukira mwachindunji kupezeka kwa mankhwala. Zitsanzo zenizeni za dziko zimaphatikizapo:

  • Kuphunzitsa malo a zaumoyo a anthu m'madera osungidwa [1] mizinda ngati Chicago yagwiritsira ntchito ndalama za boma ndi za kumaloko kutsegula malo atsopano a zaumoyo m'madera amene akukhala osapeza bwino, kuchepetsa chipinda chamwadzidzidzi.
  • Kuyanjana ndi mautumiki a zoyendera a kumaloko --Makira amodzi amagwiritsira ntchito maprogramu oyendera kaamba ka maulendo a zamankhwala, chitsanzo chimene chinatsimikizira kukhala chofunika kwambiri m'miliri ya COVID-19.
  • Mautumiki a magetsi ofikira anthu akutali – Magawo a m'midzi monga Montana ndi Wyoming agwiritsira ntchito nyumba zazikulu za magetsi ndi midzi ya magetsi, kulola mabanja kukafunsira kwa akatswiri a makilomita mazana ambiri.

Mabanja ayenera kufufuza malipoti a dipatimenti yawo ya zaumoyo kapena kupezeka pamisonkhano ya m’matauni kuti adziŵe njira zoloŵera m’nyumbazo zimene zilipo.

Kuthandiza Anthu Odwala

Kufunika kwa mautumiki a zaumoyo ndi mbali ina yovuta yokhudzana ndi malamulo a boma. Mabanja amadalira chisamaliro chapamwamba, chimene chingayambukiridwe ndi malamulo a kayendetsedwe ka ndalama ndi zosankha za ndalama. Ubwino sumangokhala ndi luso la wopereka chithandizo pa munthu mmodzi ndi mmodzi. Imasonyezanso zinthu zina monga miyezo ya zaumoyo, malamulo a zachitetezo oleza mtima, ndi zigwirizano zaumoyo wa anthu.

Mbali zazikulu za chisonkhezero cha kumaloko:

  • Ziyeneretso za zipatala za zaumoyo [1] - malamulo a zomangamanga ndi malamulo a chitetezo chamoto a m'malowo amagwira ntchito ku zipatala ndi zipatala. Chofunika kwambiri, madipatimenti a zaumoyo amafufuza ndi kulimbikitsa ukhondo ndi kukhazikitsa miyezo yotetezera matenda.
  • Kupereka zofunika za akatswiri a zaumoyo [1] – Pamene kuli kwakuti ma-neans ndiwo a boma, maboma akumaloko kaŵirikaŵiri amayang'anira kulembedwa kwa antchito a zaumoyo ndipo angakhazikitse zofunika zina zowonjezereka kuti agwire ntchito m'zipinda zakumaloko.
  • Kuyambitsa maprogramu a maphunziro ndi maphunziro – makoleji a Community ndi maprogramu a ntchito zimene zimaphunzitsa manesi, othandiza zamankhwala, ndi akatswiri a zamankhwala amadalira pa ndalama zakumaloko. Antchito ophunzitsidwa bwino amawongolera bwino chisamaliro.
  • Ndawala za thanzi lakuchirikiza ubwino – ndawala zoletsa kusuta, maprogramu otetezera kunenepa, ndi njira za kudziŵitsa za thanzi la maganizo kaŵirikaŵiri zimapangidwa pa mlingo wa kumaloko kuti zithandize pa zosoŵa za anthu.

Zofunika Kuchita Powongolera Khalidwe Lawo

Nthawi zambiri maboma a m’derali amakhazikitsa njira zothandizira anthu amene akuwasamalira.

  • Maprogramu owongolera bwino a zipatala [1] + , mizinda ina yakhazikitsa "malipiro a ntchito" amene amafupa zipatala chifukwa cha kuchepetsa ziŵerengero za kuŵerengera kapena kuwongolera kukhutiritsa kwa odwala.
  • Njira zovomerezeka za zipatala – madipatimenti a zaumoyo a kumaloko angafune kupatsidwa chilolezo kuchokera ku matupi monga The Joint Commission monga chonulirapo cha mandasire, kutsimikizira maziko a ubwino.
  • Kusimba kwa zipatala kumakhala ndi zotsatirapo [1] – chidziŵitso chowonekera bwino cha kuyambukiridwa ndi matenda, zovuta za opaleshoni, ndi zotsatirapo za wodwala zimalola mabanja kupanga zosankha zodziŵitsidwa. Mwachitsanzo, dipatimenti ya zaumoyo ya New York City imafalitsa makhadi a chipatala a chaka.

Mabanja angagwiritsire ntchito malipoti apoyera ameneŵa kuyerekezera zipatala kapena zipatala za kumaloko ndi kuchirikiza miyezo yapamwamba pamene zotulukapo zalephera.

Kusankhana Makhalidwe ndi Makhalidwe Abwino

Kukondera ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri chimene maboma a m’dzikolo ayenera kusamala nacho. Makhalidwe amene amalimbikitsa kusakondera angathandize mabanja onse kukhala ndi thanzi labwino, mosasamala kanthu za mmene moyo wawo ukuyendera. Zinthu monga nyumba, maphunziro, ndi ndalama zimene anthu amapeza, kaŵirikaŵiri zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zosankha za boma, ndipo zimenezi zimaposa chisamaliro cha mankhwala chachithandizo cha thanzi lonse.

Mbali zikuluzikulu ndi izi:

  • Kulankhula ndi anthu oletsa thanzi - malamulo a kumaloko a nyumba zotchipa, malipiro ochepa, ndi maphunziro a anthu onse ali ndi ziyambukiro za thanzi. Mwachitsanzo, mzinda umene umaika ndalama m'mapaki abwino umawonjezera mwaŵi wa kuchita zinthu zakuthupi.
  • Kugwiritsa ntchito maprogramu ochepetsa kusiyana kwa thanzi --ommaster ambiri amapanga maprogramu a anthu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana, olandira ndalama zochepa, kapena osamukira ku dziko lina. Zimenezi zingaphatikizepo kupima kansa kwaulere, chithandizo cha chakudya, kapena mautumiki omasulira chinenero.
  • Kugwirizana kwa anthu ndi makonzedwe a zaumoyo – Mabungwe a zaumoyo aumoyo apatsa anthu mawu otsimikiza kutsogolera nkhani zaumoyo wa kumaloko ndi ndalama zopereka chithandizo.

Maluso Olimbikitsa Thanzi Loyenera

Njira zothandiza zochirikizira kulinganiza thanzi pamlingo wa kumaloko zimaphatikizapo izi:

  • Kuloŵa m'nyumba ndi maphunziro okhoza kukwera ndi kuchuluka kwa nyumba [1] – nyumba zokhazikika zimachepetsa kupsinjika maganizo ndi kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala, pamene maphunziro abwino amachititsa kudziŵa bwino za thanzi ndi mipata ya zachuma.
  • Kupeza chakudya chomanga thupi – maboma a m’madera a m'dziko angachirikize misika ya alimi, minda ya m'mudzi, ndi maprogramu amene amatulutsa zakudya zatsopano kumadera otsika opezekako (kaŵirikaŵiri otchedwa "chipulumutso cha chakudya).
  • Kupereka chisamaliro chaluso chamwambo – kuchirikiza mautumiki omasulira, ophunzitsa aluso la chikhalidwe, ndi kulemba antchito a zaumoyo osiyanasiyana kumathandiza kutsimikizira kuti mautumiki ali ofikirika kwa nzika zonse.

Mabanja angachirikize kulinganiza thanzi mwa kutengamo mbali m'mayeso a zaumoyo a kumaloko ndi mabungwe ochirikiza amene amasonkhezera kusintha kwa malamulo, monga Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s Culture of Health Active .

Inshuwalansi ndi Malamulo Opereka Ndalama

Maboma a m'dzikolo amasonkhezeranso mabanja kusankha chithandizo cha mankhwala kudzera m'mainshuwalansi. Pamene kuli kwakuti inshuwalansi yaumwini imayendetsedwa pa mlingo wa boma ndi boma, mabungwe a kumaloko kaŵirikaŵiri amalinganiza za thanzi la antchito a boma ndipo angakhazikitse malamulo a mautumiki ena monga ngati thanzi la maganizo, mano, kapena chisamaliro cha maso. Ndiponso, ma dipatimenti ambiri amasamalira anthu osoŵa ndalama zimene amapereka chisamaliro chaulere kapena chochepa kwa nzika zosasungidwa.

Zitsanzo za mmene inshuwalansi imakhudzira:

  • Makonzedwe a antchito a zaumoyo – A chigawo kapena mzinda ungagamule kupereka mapulani okhoza kupangidwa kapena zosankha za kubisa, zimene zingatumikire monga chitsanzo cha mabizinesi ang'onoang’ono akwanu.
  • Mafuta a zaumoyo ozemba a kampani za zaumoyo – Federally Almonologne Centers (FQHCs), kaŵirikaŵiri ochirikizidwa ndi ndalama za msonkho zakumaloko, zodalira pa ndalama zimene amapeza, kupangitsa chisamaliro kukhala chokhoza kugulitsidwa.
  • Malamulo a kumaloko osungirako [[FLT :1] mizinda ina yapereka malamulo ofuna mabwana aakulu kupereka mapindu kapena kulipirira m'thumba la tauni, monga momwe kwawonedwa m'programu ya San Francisco "Health San Francisco".

Mabanja ayenera kupenda ngati dera lawolo limapereka makonzedwe a thanzi la anthu olandira ndalama zochepa kapena ngati kuli ndalama zothandizira pogula zinthu za m’misika.

Kusamala Anthu ndi Thanzi Lawo

Madipatimenti a zaumoyo a boma amayang’anira zipatala zopimira, kupima bwino, ndi kuyang’anira matenda. Amachitanso ndi kuyambika kwa magule, zimene zingayambukire kupezeka pasukulu ndi zochita za banja.

Malamulo a m’deralo amapanga njira zosiyanasiyana zotetezera:

  • Katemera wa School [ - madipatimenti ambiri a zaumoyo akumaloko amakhazikitsa mandandanda a katemera kaamba ka sukulu za boma, ndi malamulo oletsa osiyana mwalamulo.
  • Programu zotetezera nthenda ya chikomyunizimu – Matauni angasonkhezere kusuta makosi osuta, malo otchinjirizira matenda a shuga, kapena njira zochitira zinthu m’mapaki.
  • [[NT:0] Malamulo a zaumoyo – malamulo a kumaloko a mpweya, chisungiko cha madzi, ndi utoto wopakapo amayambukira mwachindunji kutetezera kwa mabanja ku ngozi zaumoyo.

Mabanja angapeze mautumiki otetezera kupyolera m'madipatimenti a zaumoyo akumaloko, amene ambiri a iwo amapereka mayeso aulere kapena a ndalama zochepa. National Association of County and City Health Actives imapereka zipangizo zopezera maprogramu a kumaloko.

Thandizo la Anthu a M’maganizo

Mautumiki a zamaganizo amasonkhezeredwa kwambiri ndi malamulo a boma, makamaka pambuyo pa kuchotsedwa kwa mautumiki ndi kusintha kwa chisamaliro cha anthu. Madokotala a zamaganizo akumasunga mavuto otentha, malo operekera uphungu, ndi maprogramu a mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mautumiki ameneŵa kaŵirikaŵiri ndiwo njira yoyamba yochirikizira mabanja olimbana ndi kupsinjika maganizo, kupsinjika maganizo, kapena kumwerekera.

Zinthu zofunika kwambiri zimene zimalimbikitsa anthu m’deralo ndi izi:

  • Kukhazikitsa kaamba ka malo a zaumoyo a anthu amaganizo -Orients zimandandalika ndalama za msonkho ndi zomangira boma kuchirikiza malo ameneŵa, amene amapereka mankhwala, ndi mayang'anira za matenda.
  • Madongosolo oyankhira ku Krisris [1] mizinda ina yakhazikitsa magulu a mavuto a m'magalimoto olembedwa ndi akatswiri a zaumoyo mmalo mwa apolisi, kuchepetsa kumangidwa kosafunikira ndi maulendo a m’chipinda changozi.
  • Programu zaumoyo wamaganizo zozikidwa pa [1] -'FLT' – masukulu a kumaloko, mogwirizana ndi madipatimenti a zaumoyo, zingapereke uphungu ndi maprogramu otetezera kudzipha.

Mabanja ayenera kudziŵa za mautumiki aumoyo a m'dziko lawo. Mwachitsanzo, [FLT: 0] Substance Abuse ndi Mental Service Administration imapereka zikalata za opereka chithandizo cha kumaloko.

Ana Azithandizidwa ndi Sukulu

Umoyo wa ana umakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi malamulo a boma chifukwa ana amathera nthaŵi yawo yambiri m’masukulu ndi m’malo a anthu. Mabungwe a sukulu (kaŵirikaŵiri malo osankhidwa) amapanga zosankha ponena za maphunziro akuthupi, miyezo ya chakudya chamasana kusukulu, ndi kukhalapo kwa manesi a sukulu. Madipatimenti a zaumoyo a m'chigawocho angaperekenso osungira mano, makompyuta a maso, ndi mayeso a mtsogoleri m’masukulu.

Zitsanzo:

  • Programu za chakudya chamasana [1] - malamulo a kumaloko angapose zitsogozo za boma kupereka njira zaumoyo, koma zopinga za bajeti nthaŵi zina zimatsogolera ku kudula.
  • Kulamulira kwa opezekapo – Sukulu imagwirizanitsidwa ndi zolembedwa za katemera; madipatimenti a zaumoyo akumaloko kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala ndi zipatala zaulere kutsimikizira kugonjera.
  • Asthma ndi maulamuliro oletsa kuyendetsa zinthu -'allism' – Malo ena amafuna kuti masukulu akhale ndi zopumira ma stock ndi epinephrine, zimene zingapulumutse miyoyo.

Makolo angaloŵetsedwemo mwa kupezeka pamisonkhano ya bungwe la sukulu kapena kugwirizana ndi mayanjano a makolo ndi aphunzitsi amene amachirikiza malamulo a zaumoyo.

Kukonzekera ndi Kulabadira kwa Mwadzidzidzi

Maboma a m’deralo ndiwo oyamba kuchitapo kanthu pa zinthu zamwadzidzidzi zaumoyo . Kuyambira pa masoka achilengedwe mpaka miliri. Zolinganiza zawo zimagamula mmene mabanja amapezera chisamaliro chamwadzidzidzi, kulandira chidziŵitso, ndi kupeza zinthu monga katemera kapena mankhwala. Mliri wa CHOVID, zosankha za malo obisa, malo opimira, ndi masukulu zinakhudza kwambiri thanzi la banja ndi moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku.

Mabanja ayenera kudziŵa za makonzedwe awo a ngozi. Madipatimenti ambiri a zaumoyo m’chigawocho ali ndi Ready.gov maprogramu ogwirizana amene amapereka zitsogozo zokonzera banja kaamba ka masoka.

Kuloŵa M’gulu la Anthu ndi Kukhala Mlangizi

Kugwirizana kwa anthu nkofunika kutsimikizira kuti malamulo a boma a m’dzikolo amasonyeza zosoŵa ndi zimene mabanja amakonda. Kuyesayesa kwa uphunzitsi kungathandize kupanga malamulo amene amaika patsogolo njira zosamalira thanzi ndi ubwino. Mabanja kaŵirikaŵiri amapeputsa mphamvu ya mawu awo akwawo, kaya kholo limodzi lodera nkhaŵa lolankhula pamsonkhano wa m'tauni likhoza kusintha.

Njira zoloŵetsedwamo:

  • Kuthandiza m'mabungwe a zaumoyo akwanuko [1] - Madanga ambiri ali ndi mabodi a misonkhano ya zaumoyo imene anthu onse amaifuna. Mabodiwa amakhazikitsa malamulo pankhani monga kufufuza m’malesitilanti, kupereka lipoti la matenda, ndi maphunziro a zaumoyo.
  • Kuchirikiza malamulo aubwenzi wa banja + , kukakamiza kaamba ka malamulo olipiridwa a tchuthi cha matenda kumatsimikizira kuti mabanja safunikira kusankha pakati pa cheke ya malipiro ndi kusamalira mwana wodwala.
  • Kugwirizanitsa ndi mabungwe akwanuko kaamba ka njira zaumoyo – Kusapindula, magulu ozikidwa pa chikhulupiriro, ndi mayanjano a makolo kaŵirikaŵiri amagwirizana ndi mabungwe a boma kupereka mautumiki. Kudzipereka kungathandize kudziŵa mmene malamulo amagwiritsidwira ntchito.

Mabanja angagwiritsirenso ntchito ziwiya za pa Intaneti, monga ngati magetsi otsegulira zinthu, kukhazikitsa malamulo akwawo ndi kupeza chidziŵitso cha opanga zosankha.

Kumaliza

Kugwirizana pakati pa malamulo a boma lakwanu ndi zosankha zaumoyo za banja lanu n’kwakuya. Mwakumvetsa bwino ubale umenewu, mabanja angayendetse bwino njira zawo zosamalira thanzi ndi kuchirikiza malamulo amene amalimbikitsa thanzi ndi ubwino. Zosankha za m'deralo zokhudza ndalama, malamulo, kukonza malo, ndi maprogramu a mudzi zimayambitsa njira zimene mabanja amapangira zosankha zaumoyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Kaya kusankhako kuchipatala, kugwiritsa ntchito njira yaumoyo, kapena kutsimikizira ana kuti adzitetezere, zosankha zimenezi zimasinthidwa ndi zochita za akuluakulu a boma, mabungwe a yunivesite, mabungwe a sukulu, ndi akuluakulu a zaumoyo. Kusungabe ndi kufunsira ndi kukwaniritsa ndi kukwaniritsa bwino kuti mabanja awo akwanire kusango kakhalidwe kawo, koma moyo wawo wonse.