Tsiku lililonse, anthu mamiliyoni ambiri padziko lonse amathera mbali yaikulu ya nthaŵi yawo yopita kuntchito, sukulu, ntchito, ndi ntchito zapamudzi. Pa avareji ya ku America ndi mphindi pafupifupi 27 pa ulendo umodzi, kuwonjezera masiku asanu ndi anayi pachaka kumbuyo kwa magudumu kapena pa sitima. Pamene kuli kwakuti zosankha za munthu aliyense za kumene akakhala ndi kuyendetsa ntchito, zosankha za boma za kumaloko, boma, ndi mlingo wa boma zimapereka mphamvu, kaŵirikaŵiri, zolamulira mbali iliyonse ya katundu wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Kuchokera ku misewu imene timayendera ku mandandanda a basi, kukonza bwino, kuteteza, kuteteza, ndi kuyendetsa malo okhalako. Kumvetsa zimenezi sikuli kuyendetsa ntchito kwa maphunziro, anthu apamwamba, kusungitsa ndalama, ndi kupulumutsa nthaŵi, ndi kuyendetsa zinthu.

Ntchito ya Boma pa Zoyendera

Maboma pamlingo uliwonse .muninipal, chigawo, boma, ndi boma . Amapanga zosankha zimene zimayambukira mwachindunji ndi mosadziŵika bwino zinthu zoyendera, madongosolo a zaulendo, malamulo a pamsewu, ndi njira zogwiritsira ntchito malo. Zosankha zimenezi zimasankha mmene timayendera ndi mtundu wa luso lathu. Ziyambukirozo zimaposa kumanga msewu wamba; zimaphatikizapo ndalama zimene zimaperekedwa, zimene maluso a zopangapanga amaikidwa, ndi mmene malo okhala ndi malo abwino amalinganizidwira ndi zitse mavuto a zachuma.

Kupereka Zofunika Kwambiri Ndiponso Kusamukira Kudziko Lina

Kupereka ndalama ndi imodzi ya njira zooneka kwambiri zimene boma limapangira . Boma la boma limapereka mabiliyoni a madola chaka chilichonse kudzera m'maprogramu onga ngati Infragradactive Investivement ndi Jobs Act (IJA). IFLT , imene imaika ndalama za misewu, milatho, misewu, sirey, ndi galimoto zamagetsi zoyendetsa zinthu. Boma ndi maboma a kumaloko amasankha mmene angagawire ndalama zimenezi pakati pa ntchito zopikisana ndi maprojekiti [1] kuwonjezera misewu yatsopano, kuwonjezera kwa magetsi, kapena mndandanda wa mawilo otetezeredwa. Zosankha zimenezi zili ndi zotsatirapo zazitali: mzinda umene umakulitsa msewera m’misewu ya m’makwawa ndi kudalirana kwa galimoto, pamene wina amene amapanga ndalama m’magalimoto oyenda ndi kunyamula katundu oyendawo angayambitse ntchito, ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu ambiri.

Makina Opangira Mafulemu ndi Malamulo

Kupatula pa kupereka ndalama, maboma amakhazikitsa malamulo a njira kudzera m'malamulo ndi malamulo. Malamulo, malamulo a zachuma, kukhazikitsa malamulo, ndi Aamereka okhala ndi Chilema (ADA) zonsezo zimakhudza mapulani, kupezeka, ndi mtengo wa zomapanga. Mwachitsanzo, boma Kuchepetsa Kukwera kwa Mafuta (CFE) [AFLT)] miyezo yokakamiza oyendetsa galimoto kupanga galimoto zokhala ndi mafuta ochuluka, zimene zimachepetsa mafuta a anthu oyenda pa ulendo. Momwemonso, kutumiza malamulo a ku malo oyenda ku malo osiyanasiyana kungachititse kukopa kwambiri kuyendetsa galimoto ndi kukwera kwa ndalama, pamene kulinso kukwera kwa nyumba ndi kukwera kwa matauni.

Kupita Patsogolo kwa Zinthu Zopanga ndi Ziyambukiro Zake za Manda

Kukula kwa maluso ndi imodzi mwa madera ooneka kwambiri ndiponso okhudza kwambiri ntchito yopanga zosankha za boma. Kumanga kapena kukulitsa misewu, milatho, mizere yoyendera, ndi malo oyendera amasintha kwambiri njira zoyendera, nthawi zoyendera, ndi njira zoyendera. Maprojekiti ameneŵa kaŵirikaŵiri amaimira zaka zambiri zokonzekera ndiponso madola mabiliyoni ambiri, komabe zotsatira zake zimasintha kwa zaka makumi ambiri.

Ntchito za Pamsewu ndi Zapamsewu

Makwalala atsopano angachepetse kwambiri nthaŵi za ulendo kwa oyendetsa galimoto, koma amasonkhezeranso anthu ambiri kuyendetsa magalimoto aatali, amene kaŵirikaŵiri amatsogolera ku kuchuluka kwa magalimoto m'zaka zoŵerengeka. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) [[FLTSO1]] akuyerekezera kuti kuchuluka kwa magalimoto kumawonongetsa anthu a ku America $7 biliyoni pachaka panthaŵi yotayika ndi mafuta. Maganizidwe a boma pa kumene angapange kapena kufutukulidwa kwa misewu, mmene angapangire masinthidwe, ndi kaya kuphatikizapo galimoto zokokomeza zoyendera bwino zimene anthu angakhoze bwino kugwira ntchito kapena sukulu.

Kukula kwa Kutembenuzidwa

Kuyang'ana patsogolo kwa maboma amagwiritsira ntchito zoikizira zamphamvu ku kupangidwa kwa njira zopitira patsogolo (TOD). Mwa kukonzanso malo pafupi ndi malo operekerapo anthu ophatikizapo, mizinda ingachepetse mtunda pakati pa nyumba, ntchito, ndi mautumiki, kuchititsa thulusi, kuyenda, ndi kugwetsa ndalama zambiri. Kupanga kumeneku kwakhala kopindulitsa m’mizinda monga ngati Arlington, Virginia [1], kumene kukonzekera bwino kwa chigawo cha Metro kwachititsa malo ambiri, kuchititsa kuti ayende bwino, ayende bwino ndi nthaŵi zotsika zocheperapo kuposa avereji ya chigawo. Malamulo otero amafuna kudzipereka kokhazikika kwa boma kuti akonzere zinthu, zosintha, zosungira chuma, ndi kukhazikitsa.

Zophunzitsa Zopanda Ntchito

Kupereka ndalama m'njira za panjinga, njira za anthu oyenda pansi, ndi makwalala a oyenda pansi ndizo chosankha china chachikulu cha boma. Maphunziro a Mameterers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) amasonyeza kuti anthu amene amakhala m’madera omwe ali ndi zinthu zotetezeka zoyendera ndi kuyenda ndi kukwera njinga ali othekera kwambiri kugwiritsira ntchito zoyendera, zimene zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa magalimoto ndipo zimawongolera thanzi la anthu. Komabe, maprojekiti ameneŵa kaŵirikaŵiri amalimbana ndi nkhondo zolimbana ndi zikondwerero za misewu. Maseŵero a "makwalala onse" amafunika kupangidwa m’misewu, osati kokha magalimoto.

Njira Zoyendetsera Anthu: Kupeza, Kusintha, ndi Kusintha

Kuyenda kwa anthu ambiri m’mizinda ndiko maziko a kuyendetsa galimoto, komabe kuti zitheke kudalira kwambiri pa zosankha za boma pankhani ya ndalama, njira, ntchito, ndi malo ochitira zinthu.

Kupereka Mawonekedwe a Zitsanzo ndi Utundu wa Utumiki

Mabungwe onyamula anthu amadalira pa msanganizo wa ndalama zogulitsira katundu, msonkho wakwawo, ndalama zothandizira boma, ndi ndalama zoperekedwa ndi boma. Zofanana ndi kudalira ndalama zowonjezereka pa ndalama kapena ndalama zogulitsira ndalama zowonjezereka. Zomwe zingachititse ntchito, kuchepetsa, kukonza, ndi zokalamba. Mosiyana ndi, mizinda yonga [[FLD:] Zirich, Switzerland , , , , amene amaika ndalama zambiri pa ndalama za anthu onse ali ndi mbali zina zapamwamba kwambiri m'dziko. Zosankha za kuwonjezera kapena kuchepetsa mwachindunji mmene sitima zimayendera, mmene masiteshoni oyera, ndi mmene oyendetsa ndege amadikirira. [[FLD2:] . .[FOct: [AP] .[FF] .[FFF] .

Kulinganiza Njira ndi Kuyanjana

Mabungwe a boma, kaŵirikaŵiri kupyolera mwa mabungwe a chigawo olinganiza za kayendedwe, kupanga madongosolo a zachitetezo. Zosankha ponena za kumene madera a m'mabasi amaloŵa, kangapo kangapo, ndi mmene amagwirizanitsira ndi njanji zandale kwambiri. Magulu okhala ndi kusalandira bwino kwa apaulendo mobwerezabwereza ndi malo ochepa oyenda. [FLT: 0] Transit ective ective synction yakhala nkhani yaikulu m'zosankha za boma, ndi kusonkhezera malamulo amene amatsimikizira kuti anthu onse athane ndi njira zoyendera zoyendera bwino. Ziyenerezo zapamwamba za chilungamo zathandiza, koma zosankha za kumaloko zikuchititsabe kutha kwapadera.

Khalani ndi Khalidwe Loyenera ndi la Chinsinsi

Kutsegulira kulinso mpikisano wina wa boma. Mizinda ina imapatsa ndalama zochepetsedwa kwa okwera pa mahatchi olandira ndalama zochepa, okalamba, kapena ophunzira, ochirikizidwa ndi chithandizo cha boma. Ena agwiritsira ntchito njira zoyendera zopanda magalimoto (m’chitsanzo, Kansas City, Missouri [1] ) kuwonjezera kukwera kwa okwera pansi ndi kusatsata. Malamulo ameneŵa amafuna kuti andale ayendetsedwe ndi kuchirikiza. Koma, ndalama zowonjezera ntchito za ntchitozo zimatha kupangitsa okwerawo kuthaŵa, makamaka amene ali ndi ndalama zochepa, zomwe zimatsogolera kutsika kwa okwera mahatchi ndi ntchito.

Malamulo a Magalimoto ndi Njira Zotetezera

Malamulo a pamsewu amakhazikitsidwa ndi boma kuti ateteze, achepetse kuchuluka kwa anthu, ndiponso kuti athandize anthu kuti azichita zinthu moyenera pa msewu.

Malire a Maseŵera ndi Kukakamiza

Maboma a boma ndi akomweko amakhazikitsa malire a liŵiro, kaŵirikaŵiri ozikidwa pa maphunziro auinjiniya ndi njira zapamsewu. Komabe, chitsenderezo chandale chingatsogolere ku liŵiro lapamwamba kwambiri losakhoza kupangidwa ndi msewu. Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IHS) imadziŵitsa kuti ngakhale kuchepetsa pang'ono liŵiro la liwiro kungachepetse kwambiri kuwonongeka. Njira zonga ngati makina oyendera galimoto, ndizosankha za boma zimene zingachepetse kuthamanga ndi kuwongolera chitetezo, ngakhale kuti nthaŵi zina zimatsutsana.

Kuziziritsa Mtima ndi Kupanga Zinthu pa Magalimoto

Maboma amakhazikitsa njira zokhazikitsira magalimoto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kusamalira Malo Osungira Malo

Malamulo opakira ndi amphamvu. Ziyeneretso zochepa zomanga, zoikidwa ndi malamulo, okakamiza opanga galimoto kubweretsa malo okwanira oimika galimoto, zimene zimachititsa kuyendetsa galimoto kukhala koyenera komanso kuwonjezera ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito galimoto. Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, mizinda monga . San Francisco . San [ yatenga malire aakulu oimika ndi kutsekereza kuyendetsa galimoto ndi kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa galimoto. Zigamu za boma ponena za kuikiza kwa zilolezo ndi failo [1] Zikusonkhezeranso ngati anthu asankha kuyendetsa galimoto.

Kusamalira Malo ndi Thanzi

Malamulo a boma amene amakhazikitsa miyezo ya mpweya wotulutsa mpweya, kupititsa patsogolo zinthu zina zopangira mafuta, ndi kukonza zinthu zofunika kwambiri kuti zikhale ndi mphamvu yothandiza kuti chilengedwe chikhale ndi malo abwino ozungulira.

Miyezo ya Kuyenda ndi Mpweya Wabwino

Federal ndi kutulutsa magalimoto, kuphatikizapo miyezo ya California Air Resources Board (CARB) yomwe maboma angapo akutsatira, kukakamiza opanga galimoto kupanga magalimoto oyeretsa. Miyezo imeneyi yachititsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa zoipitsa za mchira monga nayitrogen oxide ndi mbali inate, kuwongolera kulimba kwa mpweya ndi thanzi la anthu. ENVIron Protection Agency (EPA) imayerekezera kuti miyezo yamakono ya galimoto zounikira ipulumutsa matani oposa 10,000 a kuipitsa pachaka cha 2030. Komabe, nkhondo za ndale zadziko zimapanga kukayikira kwa opanga ndi ogula ndi ogula zinthu.

Mafunde Amagetsi Olimbikitsa

Zisonkhezero za boma . Zonga ngati ngongole za boma za msonkho, mapepala a boma, ndi kuikizira ndalama zoyendetsera zinthu . . Zimaphatikizapo magalimoto amagetsi (EV) $7,500,000,000 ($7,000,000,000) a masiteshoni ozembera m'misewu yaikulu. Malamulo ameneŵa angachepetse mtengo wautali wa ogula a SEV pochepetsa kutulutsa. Koma kuyendetsa bwino kudalira pa kugaŵidwa kwa masiteshoni a magetsi oyendetsera ndalama kuti obwereka ndi anthu opeza ndalama zochepa apindulenso.

Zoyendera Zogwira Ntchito Ndiponso Thanzi la Anthu Onse

Kupititsa patsogolo kuyenda ndi kukwera njinga kupyola m'makampani a zachuma ndi njira zochirikiza kuli ndi mapindu aumoyo. Bungwe la World Health Organization (WHO) likuvomereza kuti pakhale pafupifupi mphindi 150 za kuchita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi pa mlungu, ndipo kuyendetsa njinga ndi njira yosavuta kuti izi. Zosankha za boma zopanga njira zotetezeka, njira za njinga, ndi njira zingawonjezere kulemera kwa thupi ndi kuchepetsa kukwera kwa kunenepa, matenda a mtima, ndi matenda a shuga. Kupenda kwaumoyo kukuwonjezereka kwambiri polinganiza zoyendera, kuphatikiza zolinga zaumoyo wa anthu m’boma.

Kusintha kwa Chuma kwa Utsogoleri Waudindo

Kugwira ntchito kumabweretsa mavuto aakulu azachuma, monga — anthu, mabizinesi, ndi chuma chambiri.

Ntchito Yake ndi Nthaŵi Yotayika

Texas A&M Transportation Institute’s Urban Moblitity Report ikuyerekezera kuti kuchuluka kwa anthu kunapangitsa Aamereka kutaya maola 8.8 biliyoni mu 2022, kuwonongera ndalama zokwana $179 biliyoni m'kutaya ntchito ndi mafuta. Kuyendetsa ndalama za boma popereka chithandizo cha anthu ochulukitsitsa. Kuyenda m'misewu, kuwongolera, kapena dongosolo la kayendedwe kwa galimoto kungachepetse kutayitsa zinthu zimenezi. Kufufuza kuchokera ku Fateral High Away Administration (FHA ) [FFL:1] kuonetsa kuti dola imodzi iliyonse yowonongedwa pa kuwongolera ntchito (mop kapena kuyendetsa magalimoto) imawonjezera $40 (movelm'ss) m'mapindulo.

Kulipidwa kwa Olamulira ndi Opereka Msonkho

Banja la ku America limawononga pafupifupi 15% ya ndalama zake pa zoyendera, chiŵerengero chimene chimakwera ku mabanja olandira ndalama zochepa. Zigamulo za boma za ndalama zolipidwa, misonkho ya gasi, ndalama zoyendera, ndi kuimika pagalimoto zimayambukira mwachindunji ndalama za banja. Opereka ndalama amalipiranso ndalama zosamalira ndi kuwonjezera zinthu. Dongosolo la zoyendera lokhala ndi njira zokhoza kuyendera zomwe zimapereka njira zokhoza kukwera kapena zoyendera zoyendera [1]

Kuloŵa M’gulu la Anthu ndi Kukhala Mlangizi

Kumvetsa zimene mungachite kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwino n’kofunika kwambiri kuti muthe kukonzanso njira zoyendera.

Ntchito Yogawanamo Mbali Pagulu

Maboma nthawi zambiri amapanga mayeso a anthu, malo ochitira kafukufuku pa Intaneti kuti apeze mfundo zogwirizana ndi ntchito zimene akufuna. Komabe, njira zimenezi zingakhale zoopsa kapena zosatheka kwa anthu ambiri a m’deralo. Magulu a anthu odziwa zamaphunziro amagwira ntchito yothandiza anthu kumasulira zinthu. Mwachitsanzo, popereka mautumiki a anthu, kusamala ana, kapena njira zina zopezeka. Fateral Transit Administration (FT) ikufuna kuti anthu anenerepo pa zochitika zazikulu za mayendedwe, koma mabungwe a m'dziko adziwe adziwe bwino zinthu. Anthu angapereke njira zina zimene anthu onse oyendawo amafunikira, osati chabe ndi mawu omveka kwambiri.

Magulu Ochititsa Maseche

Kampeni zachipambano za kuyendetsa katundu zasintha zoyendera m’mizinda yambiri. Mwachitsanzo, thiransion Zero [1] Kusintha kwa magalimoto kunayamba monga zoyesayesa za udzu zothetsera imfa za magalimoto ndipo zatengedwa ndi mizinda yambiri ya U.S. Mofananamo, kuyendetsa mabasi mofulumira, njira zotetezereka ku sukulu, ndi kuchita zinthu zotheka zonse zachititsa kusintha. Pamene madera alinganiza ndi kukhazikitsa mfundo zopimira ku gulu la osankhidwa, iwo angasungenso zinthu za boma ku zofunikira kwambiri, zosalakwika.

Tsogolo la Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala: Zikhalidwe ndi Njira Zamakono

Zinthu zimene anthu amasankha masiku ano zingathandize kuti anthu aziyenda bwino.

Kukumana ndi Anthu Ochenjera Ndiponso Kudziŵa Zinthu

Maboma akugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ma apystation a m'misewu, GPS, ndi ma aplog kuti athe kuchuluka kwa anthu ndi kukonza bwino nthawi yoyendera. Madongosolo a kayendedwe a anthu odziwa bwino angasinthe kwambiri zizindikiro za kayendedwe ka galimoto, angapereke chidziŵitso chenicheni cha nthawi kwa anthu oyenda pagalimoto, ndi kuneneratu kuti zinthu zikuchedwa. Komabe, zosankha zokhudza madata, miyezo yotseguka, ndi kuyendetsa zinthu zamakono zidzatsimikizira mmene maluso amakonowatsitsa kwambiri nthaŵi za ulendo. Makampani a anthu aufulu angafulumire mofulumira, koma uyang'aniro uli wofunika kutsimikizira kuti afika bwino.

Kutumiza Mafoni ndi Ntchito Yosinthasintha

Mliri wa Chovid-19 unasonyeza kuti ntchito yakutali njotheka kwa magawo ambiri, ndipo malamulo a boma . monga ngati zisonkhezero za msonkho kaamba ka zowonongedwa za ofesi yapanyumba kapena kufutukuka kwa kampani . Kufalikira kwa makompyuta kumachepetsa chiŵerengero cha galimoto pamsewu, kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa magalimoto ndi kutulutsa. Komabe, imaperekanso mavuto kwa mabungwe a zaulendo amene amadalira pa ndalama za apaulendo. Zigamu za boma ponena za kuchirikiza makonzedwe a ntchito osinthasintha, kuphatikizapo kumanga malo antchito kapena kutsatsa malonda a magetsi, zidzasonkhezera anthu ambiri kuti akonzeke.

Mafuta Osawonongeka Ndiponso Oyendera M’thupi

Magalimoto owonjezera , gasi wachilengedwe, ndi wokhoza kukonzedwanso , ndi wothandiza kuchepetsa magalimoto aakulu monga mabasi ndi malole. Maboma apereka chithandizo chachikulu kuti apange zinthu. Panthaŵi ino, galimoto zodziimira zikhoza kusintha kukwera ndi kuchepetsa kukwera, kuchepetsa kufunikira kwa kuima kwa galimoto, ndi kuwongolera chitetezo. Koma popanda malamulo a boma, AVs angawonjezere galimoto zoyenda ulendo ndi kuchuluka kwa makilomita. Makampani amene amalimbikitsa kuyendera limodzi ndi kutumiza zinthu pamodzi, mmalo mwa kukhala ndi katundu waumwini, adzakhala ofunika kuti apeze njira yoyendera bwino mtsogolo.

Kumaliza

Kugwirizana pakati pa zosankha za boma ndi kukwera kwanu kwa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi kumene kumasintha kwambiri. Mapazi onse okonzedwa, njira ya basi yosinthidwa, kapena liŵiro lapang'onopang'ono ndilo zotsatira za chosankha chimene chimakhudza anthu mamiliyoni. Mwakumvetsa mmene ndalama zothandizira anthu, malamulo, ndi kulinganiza kwa anthu, anthu angadziŵitsidwe kuti asinthe. Kuzindikira ndiko sitepe loyamba. Kaya kupezeka pa msonkhano wa tauni, kuchirikiza msonkho wa pa njinga, kapena kungosankha kuyendetsa njinga, aliyense wa ife ali ndi mbali m'kumanga malo otetezeka, oyenera, ndi ochirikiza zonse. Mtsogolo mwa kuyenda sikuli m’manja mwa akatswiri a mainjiniya ndi mapulani a anthu amene amayenera kuyendera bwino.