Kusungidwa kwa malamulo kumatumikira monga maziko a chisungiko cha anthu, ntchito yochirikiza lamulo pamene akutetezera miyoyo ndi katundu wa nzika. Komabe kugwira ntchito kwa dipatimenti iliyonse ya apolisi kapena ofesi ya apolisi sikumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuperekedwa kwa maofesala ake. Iko kumapangidwa mofanana ndi malamulo ndi njira zimene zimatsogolera ntchito iliyonse . Kuleka ulendo wa nthaŵi zonse ku zigamulo zamphamvu. Kuzindikira mmene malamulo ameneŵa ogwirizana ndi kachitidwe ka tsiku ndi tsiku amasulirira aphunzitsi aupandu, ophunzira, ndi akatswiri amene amafuna kuwongolera ndi kukonzanso chikhulupiriro pakati pa osungitsa malamulo ndi anthu amene amatumikira.

Ntchito ya Kukakamiza Chilamulo m’Chitaganya Chamakono

Ntchito yaikulu ya kusungitsa lamulo nthaŵi zonse yakhala kusungitsa malamulo, kuletsa upandu, ndi kusunga dongosolo. Komabe, m’maungwe ocholoŵana amakono, ntchito imeneyo imaposa pa “kupha apandu.. Oyang’anira a m'madera ozungulira osati kokha kuletsa upandu komanso kumanga maunansi ndi nzika, kuchitapo kanthu ku mavuto a zaumoyo, kukakamiza chitetezo cha pamsewu, ndi kugwirizana ndi mautumiki a kakhalidwe ka anthu.

  • Anthu olondera malo ndiponso oteteza umbanda pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoonekera ndi zauchinyama zoyendetsera ntchito zapolisi.
  • Kufufuza kwachindunji kwa apandu, kuphatikizapo kusonkhanitsa umboni, kufunsa mafunso, ndi kufufuza kodzitetezera.
  • Kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga pa ngozi, masoka achilengedwe, chiwawa cha m’nyumba, ndi zoopsa zoopsa.
  • Kugwirizana kwa anthu kudzera m’maholo a m’tauni, maprogramu a sukulu, magulu olonda a anthu, ndi chikhalidwe.
  • Kuloza kwa anthu ku maprogramu a mankhwala ogodomalitsa ndi mankhwala ogodomalitsa ngati kuli koyenera.

Mathayo owonjezereka ameneŵa amafuna kuti apolisi akhale ndi maluso a luso komanso aluso laumwini ndi kuzindikira mwakuya anthu osiyanasiyana amene amatumikira. Monga Internationalpote Association of Masters of Police imagogomezera, ntchito yamakono ikufuna kulinganiza pakati pa osungitsa ndi ntchito .

Ulemu Umene Umasonkhezera Malamulo Okakamiza

Bungwe lililonse losungitsa lamulo limagwira ntchito mogwirizana ndi malamulo olembedwa, njira, ndi malamulo alamulo. Malamulo ameneŵa amalongosola khalidwe lovomerezeka, amakhazikitsa malire a nzeru, ndipo amapereka mapu a msewu kwa apolisi m'munda. Popanda malamulo omveka bwino, kusasintha ndi kusasintha kungatsogolere ku zotsatirapo zosayembekezereka, kuphatikizapo kupondereza ufulu wachibadwidwe, ndi kutayikitsa anthu. Malamulo ofunika amene amakhudza kwambiri anthu tsiku ndi tsiku amaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, ntchito polisi, miyezo ya pulogalamu, ndi kuŵerengera mlandu.

Kugwiritsira Ntchito Mphamvu Zauchimo

Palibe malo ena ofufuzidwa kwambiri . kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwambiri. Malamulowa amafotokoza mmene woyang'anira angagwiritsirire ntchito kukakamiza kwapathupi, kuyambira pa malamulo a pakamwa ndi njira zopanda pake kufikira pa zida zamagetsi, zida zophera, ndi mphamvu yakupha. Kugwiritsira ntchito bwino njira zamphamvu kumagawana mbali zingapo:

  • Mafotokozedwe omveka bwino a mphamvu iliyonse, kuphatikizapo pamene iliyonse ili yoyenerera.
  • Kugogomezera kuti kuwonjezera pa zinthu ndiko njira yaikulu pamene kuli kotetezereka ndi kothekera.
  • Kusimba mopanda chifundo pambuyo pa kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu kulikonse, mosasamala kanthu za kuvulala.
  • Kufufuza zinthu mwamphamvu m’kati ndi kunja kuti muone ngati ana alakwitsa kapena kuti ali ndi vuto lophunzitsa ana.
  • Kugwiritsira ntchito mawonekedwe a mphamvu zopitirizira zimene zimagwirizana ndi miyezo ya dziko, yonga ija yofalitsidwa ndi [[FLT: 0] Proce Adminitive Research Forum [1]

Kusintha kwa malamulo ozikidwa pa kuchotsapo mphamvu kunakula pambuyo pa mliri wa Chovid-19 ndi 2020 wotsutsa pambuyo pa imfa ya George Floyd. Madipatimenti ambiri tsopano amafuna nduna kuti ziloŵerere pamene mnzake agwiritsira ntchito mphamvu yopambanitsa ndi kupereka chithandizo cha mankhwala mofulumira. Komabe, lamulo lokha silili lokwanira. Ngakhale kugwiritsira ntchito zitsogozo zamphamvu zolembedwa bwino kwambiri kumakhala kosalimba ngati apolisi sanaphunzitsidwe kuzigwiritsira ntchito m’mikhalidwe yapamwamba ndi ngati bungwelo lilibe ndi mwambo wa kuŵerengera.

Malamulo Olimbikitsa M’chitaganya

Polishi ya anthu ndi nzeru ndiponso machitachita omwe amalimbikitsa lamulo kuti agwirizane ndi anthu kuti athetse mavuto. Mosiyana ndi apolisi otsatsa malonda, amene amayesetsa kuyankha akafuna utumiki, apolisi a m'chitaganya amayesa kuthetsa zochititsa upandu. Zonga umphaŵi, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala molakwika, ndi kusoŵa mpata. Zigawo zazikulu zimaphatikizapo:

  • Magawo ongogwira ntchito nthaŵi zonse amafikira kudziŵana ndi anthu okhala m’dzikolo ndi mabizinesi a m’deralo.
  • Kugwirizana ndi sukulu, makampani osapeza phindu, ndi magulu ozikidwa pa chikhulupiriro kothetsa mavuto.
  • Malo ochezera a anthu okhazikika kumene anthu amakhala angalankhule moda nkhaŵa ndi kupereka yankho.
  • Maprogramu aubwenzi a achichepere monga maseŵero a apolisi othamanga ndi kulangiza anthu kuchitapo kanthu.
  • Kugwiritsira ntchito chidziŵitso kudziŵikitsa zipsera za upandu ndi mapulani kunalinganizidwira njira zodzitetezera.

Office of Community Policision Services (COPS Office) [1] Imapereka mphatso ndi maphunziro kwa mabungwe a polisi a chitaganya. Kufufuza kumasonyeza kuti madipatimenti okhala ndi maunansi olimba akukhala ndi ziŵerengero zowonjezereka, madandaulo ochepera a nzika, ndi kugwirizana kwa anthu kokulirapo pakufufuza. Komabe kugwiritsira ntchito njira zimenezi kumafuna kusiyana ndi chitsanzo cha asilikali cha kuwonana ndi kugwirizana kwa gulu lapolisi.

Kuphunzitsa ndi Kupita Patsogolo

Kuphunzitsa ndi mlatho umene umasintha njira zoyendetsera ntchito. Popanda malangizo okwanira ndiponso opitirizabe, ngakhale malamulo omveka bwino kwambiri amakhalabe olembedwa papepala. Kuphunzitsa anthu malamulo masiku ano kuyenera kuphatikizapo zambiri kuposa njira zamakono zodzitetezera ndi zida.

  • Vuto la kuloŵererapo kwa maphunziro ochitira zinthu kwa anthu odwala matenda a maganizo.
  • Kuphunzitsa anthu mfundo zachilungamo zimene zimalimbikitsa ulemu, uchete, ndi mawu akakumana.
  • Kuzindikira kotheratu kwa tsankho ndi njira zochepetsera kusiyana kwa mafuko m’kuleka ndi kumangidwa.
  • Kuphunzira zinthu zimene zimayerekezera ndi mavuto enieni a m’dziko, kumafunika kuti munthu asankhe zochita atapanikizika.
  • Atsogoleri a anthu amene amatsogolera amayesetsa kutsanzira makhalidwe abwino ndipo amachititsa anthu ena kukhala ndi mlandu.

Mabungwe ambiri tsopano amafuna maola a chaka ndi chaka m'ntchito pa nkhani zimenezi, koma zopinga ndi kusintha bajeti kaŵirikaŵiri zimachepetsa kuya kwa maphunziro. Mabungwe adziko onga Kukonza pa Malamulo Opanga Malamulo (CALEA) amakhazikitsa miyezo yaufulu yomwe imaphatikizapo zofunikira zophunzitsa, koma kugonjera kumakhalabe kosagwirizana. Madipatimenti a progalamu apamwamba a projectes [[FLT: 0] amapanga mayunivesiti apamwamba, mayanjano ndi mayunivesite, ndi maphunziro opatulidwa amene amagogomezera kupita patsogolo kopitirizabe.

Kuŵerengera ndi Kulamulira Machenjera

Anthu amakhulupirira kuti mabungwe oonetsetsa kuti malamulo akutsatiridwa akachita chiwerewere. Malamulo a mlandu amachititsa kuti akuluakulu a mbendera azikhala ndi njira zodandaulira, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, kapena ntchito. Mabungwe a oyang’anira chigawo, mapulogalamu a kamera, ndi njira zosonyezera kuti anthu akufunika kulangidwa, ndi zofunikanso. Popanda njira zimenezi, ngakhale kusintha kokhala ndi cholinga chabwino, zingalephereke.

Uyang'aniro wakunja, monga ngati malamulo a boma, wasonkhezera madipatimenti ambiri kutenga njira za kuŵerengera mbiri. Mwachitsanzo, Los Angeles Police Department imagwiritsira ntchito njira yoyang’anira ngozi imene imalamulira khalidwe la oyang’anira ndi kulamula kuti alamulire pamene makhonde apitirira. Mofananamo, ofufuza aumwini akupendanso zochitika zankhondo ndi kufalitsa malipoti ofikirika kwa anthu pachaka.

Mavuto Otsatira Chilamulo Potsatira Uchimo

Ngakhale kuti malamulo amene anapangidwa mosalongosoka amathandiza, kulera ana ndi kuwasungitsa kumakhala ndi mavuto aakulu.

Kukana Kusintha

Malamulo atsopano amene amachititsa kuti anthu asamafune kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo, kapena amene amafunikanso zikalata zina, angaoneke ngati okayikira kapena otsutsa kwambiri.

  • Asilikali amene amakhulupirira malamulo atsopanowo “amatsutsa za upandu” kapena sachita bwino m’zamalonda.
  • Bungwe la bungwe la United Nations limapangana mapangano amene amachepetsa kufulumira kwa kusintha kwa malamulo kapena kutetezera maofesala ku njira zina zoperekera chilango.
  • Kusoŵa kwa oyang’anira apatsogolo amene ayenera kusungitsa malamulowo.

Kusintha kwa maulamuliro kopambana kumafuna utsogoleri kuti afotokoze bwino lamulo lililonse, amaphatikizapo akuluakulu a ntchito yolemba, ndi kupereka mpata wokwanira kuti apereke chigamulo. Pamene maofesala azindikira kuti lamulo limawatetezera iwo eni mwa kuchepetsa milandu, kuletsa kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa milandu, ndi kuchepetsa kuchirikiza chitaganya.

Kupimidwa kwa Zinthu

Kuyendetsa zinthu ndi ntchito yothandiza anthu, koma mabungwe ambiri amagwira ntchito ndi kuchepa kwa bajeti ndi kukwera kwa zinthu.

  • Ndalama zochepetsedwa kaamba ka maphunziro: Makalasi autumiki angachepetsedwe kulipirira maovataimu kapena zida.
  • Kupereŵera kwa antchito: Pamene madipatimenti a antchito ochepa, maofesala a pangano la chigwirizano amabwezeredwanso ku madoko, ndipo kuchotsa maatomu kungaloŵedwe m’malo ndi kulabadira kofulumira.
  • Luso lamakono: Kuŵerengera mlandu kwa munthu wodwala kumafuna njira zotchuka zoyendetsera ntchito ndiponso zipangizo zothandizira kuchepetsa ululu zimene mabungwe aang’ono sangakwanitse kugula.

Ndalama zoperekedwa ndi boma zingathandize, koma kukhazikika kwa nthaŵi yaitali kumakhala kovuta.

Kudalira Anthu

Ngakhale malamulo abwino kwambiri adzatsimikizira kukhala osagwira ntchito ngati chitaganya sichikhulupirira apolisi. Chisalungamo cha m'mbiri, ntchito zapolisi zokondera, ndi zochitika zazikulu za kusamvera . Misxlate yachititsa kunyozedwa kwa upandu, kulephera kugwirizana ndi mafufuzidwe, ndi kusulizidwa kwa anthu kumene kungaletse akuluakulu. Kukonzanso chikhulupiriro kumafuna machitidwe osasintha, osonyeza poyera kwa zaka zambiri.

Makampani amene amapanga chiweruzo cha procedtural jruption , kumvetsera ku nkhaŵa za chitaganya, kulongosola zosankha, ndi kupatsa anthu ulemu . Kukonza pang’onopang’ono maunansi owonongeka a makamera. Body_worn shage fied permications, ndi mapilo a chitaganya onse amathandiza kuonetsa. Koma kukhulupirira . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Machitidwe Abwino Kwambiri Opezerapo Njira Zotsatira ndi Kusintha Zinthu

Mabungwe a m’mayiko ena angathandize kwambiri kuti asinthe zinthu n’kuyamba kuchita zinthu tsiku ndi tsiku.

Wotenga Chikhomo m’Kupita Patsogolo kwa Lamulo

Malamulo opangidwa ndi akuluakulu a boma amalephera kugwira ntchito. Kuphatikiza pa maofesala osiyanasiyana, oimira boma, mabungwe omenyera ufulu wa anthu, ndi akatswiri a zaumoyo.

  • Kutsatira malamulo kwapamwamba chifukwa chakuti akuluakulu a boma amalingalira kukhala ndi malamulowo.
  • Malamulo osinthasintha amene amachititsa mikhalidwe ya kumaloko.
  • Anthu akakhala pa kampaniyi, anthu ambiri amawakhulupirira.

Madipatimenti ambiri tsopano amavomereza nyengo za ndemanga zapoyera asanasinthe malamulo, ndipo ena amaitana ziŵalo za chitaganya kukhalira pa makomiti openda lamulo. Magulu a American Civil Liberéries Union ndi auphunzitsi akumaloko kaŵirikaŵiri amagwirizana pa kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ndi malamulo osonyeza kuwonekera.

Maphunziro Opitirizabe ndi Chichirikizo

Kuphunzitsa kwanthaŵi imodzi sikuli kokwanira. Policies ayenera kulimbikitsidwa nthaŵi zonse mwa zojambula zokhala ndi zochitika 76, kosi yotsitsimula, ndi pa 76thejob jning. A zamalonda ayenera:

  • Kuphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira makompyuta tsiku ndi tsiku poziika m’malo opeka ndi kutchula maina.
  • Gwiritsirani ntchito “birst” kuphunzira mamodule, mavidiyo kapena makambitsirano osumika maganizo ndi kupangitsa mitu yofunika kukhala yopambana m’maganizo.
  • Chitanipo kanthu mwa kuphunzitsa maofesala amene amasonyeza njira zoswa malamulo, mmalo modalira kwambiri pa chilango.
  • Perekani thanzi lamaganizo ndi chichirikizo chabwino kuchepetsa kupsinjika maganizo kumene kungatsogolere ku kulephera kwa malamulo.

Madipatimenti amene amaika ndalama zawo pa mwambo wa kuphunzira, amaona kuswa malamulo monga mipata yowongolera, osati kungowalanga chabe.

Kufufuza ndi Kuŵerengera Ndalama

What gets measured gets managed. Agencies must collect and analyze data on stops, searches, arrests, use of force, and complaints to identify disparities and track progress. Best practices include:

  • Kupanga njira yothandizira imene imachenjeza akuluakulu apolisi pamene zochita zawo ziswa malamulo.
  • Kufalitsa malipoti a kuonekera kwa zinthu pachaka osiyana ndi ziŵerengero.
  • Kugwiritsa ntchito anthu ofufuza zinthu paokha kuti aone zinthu zolakwika zimene zinachitika n’kuwauza zochita.
  • Kugwirizanitsa kukwezedwa ndi kupenda zinthu ndi kugonjera lamulo ndi chivomerezo cha chitaganya.

Komabe, zinthu zimene anthu apeza pa Intaneti pazokha si zokwanira; ayenera kutsimikiza kuti adzachitapo kanthu pa zimene apeza.

Kutsogolera Kudzipereka ndi Kusintha kwa Chikhalidwe

Pomaliza, kuti ntchitoyi ithe, pamafunika atsogoleri a zipembedzo zonse kuti akonze makhalidwe amene akufuna.

  • Kugwirizana kwa anthu ndi mavuto m’chitaganya kumathetsa kupenda zochita.
  • Kukondwerera chipambano, monga kuchepetsa madandaulo kapena kuwongolera m’mafufuzidwe a m’chitaganya.
  • Kuloŵa m’malo oyang’anira amene amatsutsa kusintha ndi awo amene amasonyeza makhalidwe abwino opita patsogolo.

Chitsenderezo cha kudziko kuchokera kwa akuluakulu osankhidwa, oulutsa nkhani, ndi magulu ochirikiza kusintha chikhoza kusonkhezera kusintha, koma ochirikiza a m’kati mwawo ngofunika kaamba ka kusungika.

Kumaliza

Kugwirizanitsa malamulo ndi machitachita a lamulo sikuli malo osasintha ndi osungitsa malamulo . Malamulo a mawu amapereka dongosolo la ntchito yolungama, ya ukatswiri, koma amagwira ntchito monga kuphunzitsidwa, chuma, ndi chikhalidwe zimene zimawachirikiza. Pamene malamulo apangidwa kapena kuchitidwa popanda kugula, angatsogolere kubwerera m’mbuyo, kusakhupuka, ndi chisalungamo. Pamene mabungwe aika ndalama m’kuwonekedwa, kuwonjezera, ndi kuchirikiza njira za kuwaphunzitsa mopitirizabe ndi kuŵerengera kwa iwo. Kwa aphunzitsi ndi ophunzira a chilungamo, kuzindikira kudutsa kwa misewu imeneyi si kwamaphunziro okha; ndiko kukonzekera ntchito yofunika kwambiri yowongolera lamulo.