Kukakamiza Lamulo la Boma ndi Kugaŵana Zilango Zina: Kusamalira Kwalamulo

Mabungwe osungitsa malamulo a boma amagwirizana kwambiri ndiponso amathandizana ndi mayiko ena kuti athandize anthu kuti atetezeke komanso azichita zaupandu. Kuchokera pa upandu weniweni n’kupeza umboni wokhudzana ndi boma, mgwirizano umenewu ungakhale wamphamvu. Komabe, makampani a boma ayamba kufunsa mafunso ovuta amene mabungwe ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mosamala kuti ateteze ufulu wa munthu aliyense payekha, ndiponso kuti anthu aziwadalira.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mwachidule malamulo, zovuta, ndi njira zabwino kwambiri zodziŵira zinthu zogawana pakati pa boma ndi mabungwe osungitsa malamulo a kumaloko. Imafutukula pa malamulo enieni, imapenda zopinga zenizeni za dziko lapansi, ndipo imapereka chitsogozo chogwira ntchito kaamba ka magulu ogwira ntchito kumanga maprogramu ovomerezeka ndi ogwira ntchito.

Ntchito Zolembedwa za Lamulo Lolamulira Zigwirizana

Malamulo ambiri otsatizana, ndi a boma, ndi shape mmene mfundo zachilungamo zingasonkhanitsidwire, kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi kugawiridwa ku malire a madera ena. Kumvetsetsa malamulo ameneŵa ndi sitepe loyamba la kumanga pulogalamu yomvera.

Malamulo a Malamulo Olinganizidwa

Act ya 1974 (5 U.S.C. . . ○ Act ya kontejini imayang'anira kusonkha, kukonza, kugwiritsa ntchito, ndi kufalitsa chidziŵitso chodziŵika kwa munthu aliyense payekha (PI) yosungidwa ndi mabungwe a boma. Pamene kuli kwakuti imagwira ntchito mwachindunji ku mabungwe a boma okha, malamulo ake aakulu, kuchepetsa, chivomerezo, ndi kuŵerengera mlandu mobwerezabwereza monga zikwangwani za maprogramu a boma. Malo ambiri a boma projekiti a boma thangatatetete a kulandira ndalama za boma zimene ayenera kumamatira ku malamulo a malamulo a boma pansi pa mikhalidwe yopereka chilo.

Act ya magetsi yolankhulana ndi yosunga zinthu zamagetsi. Imaphatikizapo makonzedwe onga ngati Treams Communings Act (SCA) (U.S.C. . imakhala yoyenerera kwambiri pamene malamulo afuna kugawana umboni wa manambala (m.g., ma email, mafaketi a za mayanjano) ndi makampani ena. Pansi pa SCA, chikalata chochirikizidwa ndi chotsimikizirika chogwirizana ndi choyenerera chifunsikira cha ntchito yopanga mauthenga osungidwa ndi khoti loyenera kuperekedwa ndi khoti loyenerera.

Ufulu wa Chikalata cha Information Act (FOIA) . . . . . . . . . . ndi boma lakutsegula malamulo afunikiritsa mabungwe kupanga zolembera zina kwa anthu, komanso ali ndi kusalola kwa zolembedwa za lamulo zimene zingadodometse kufufuza, kusokoneza zachinsinsi, kapena kuvumbula magwero ena. Pogaŵana ndi bungwe lina, mabungwe ayenera kulingalira ngati yankho la bungwe la kulandira zikalata za anthu onse lingatulule mosadziŵa kutulutsa chidziŵitso.

National Criminal History Forgin Cheke System (NCHBCS) ndi Interstate Consender Supeter Supepute (ICAOS). Mapangano a boma ameneŵa amakhazikitsa malamulo apadera ogawirana zolembedwa za upandu ndi oweruza amene amayenderana ndi magawo a boma. Mwachitsanzo, bungwe la FBI’s Criminal Justice Information Security Service Ast Discolinal ikhazikitsa ziyenezo za maziko a kutetezera mbiri ya upandu, kuphatikizapo kumasulira, zitsogozo, ndi njira zoyendera njira zoyendera.

Kaamba ka chitsogozo cha tsatanetsatane cha boma, onani Dipatimenti ya Chilungamo Pribitacy ndi Lamulo la Chiŵeniŵeni la Malo a Fusion Centers .

Malamulo a Boma ndi Mapangano a Mgwirizano wa Boma

Malamulo a boma amasiyana kwambiri. Maboma ena ali ndi malamulo achinsinsi a zachinsinsi (m., mapangano a California CPA [1] CPA ) amene amakhazikitsa malamulo okhwima pa kugwiritsa ntchito kwa lamulo la PII. Malamulo ena ali ndi malamulo ofotokoza zinthu zogawana pakati pa mabungwe a boma kapena malo ogwirizanitsa zinthu. Kuwonjezera apo, mapangano onga Calvin Calment Data Surviment Convior Community amakhazikitsa mapangano odzifunira kaamba ka kupatsana mapepala aupandu. ASUPUPUTS uyenera kufunsa ndi uphungu wawo walamulo kuti amvetsetse ziletso ndi zilo zawo.

Mavuto Aakulu a M’lamulo M’kugawana Zigamulo za Mlandu

Ngakhale kuti mabungwe osungitsa malamulo amathandizidwa bwino, tsiku lililonse amakumana ndi mavuto othandiza ndiponso a zamalamulo.

Kutsimikizira Kudziŵa Zolondola ndi Zolondola

Pamene chidziŵitso chidutsa madongosolo ambiri [1] Nthaŵi zina amaloŵa m'manja ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana . Maupandu angafalitse mbiri yolakwika ya kumangidwa kapena lamulo lachikale logawiridwa ndi lamulo lina lachikale likhoza kuchititsa kumangidwa kolakwika kapena kufufuzidwa kolakwika. Mabungwe a boma amafuna kuti asunge mafaelo ndi “kugwiritsa ntchito, kugwiritsa ntchito, nthaŵi, ndi kukwanira. Mabungwe a boma ayenera kutsatira miyezo yofanana ndi kutsimikizira mfundo asanafalitse. Mapikishoni anthaŵi ndi mayeso a galimoto angachepetse upandu.

Kuteteza Umbeta ndi Kumasulidwa kwa Anthu

Umboni umene wasonkhanitsidwa mololedwa kaamba ka chifuno chimodzi (m., kuimitsa ndandanda ya kayendedwe) sungayenere kugwiritsiridwa ntchito m'kufufuza kwina m'boma lina. Lamulo la kulephera kwa chifuno limaikidwa m'madongosolo ambiri achinsinsi. Kusungitsa malamulo kuyenera kulongosola bwino mitundu ya zolembedwa zimene zikugawiridwa, kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kololedwa, ndi ziletso pa kufalitsa kowonjezereka. Fusion Center, mwachitsanzo, kaŵirikaŵiri ali ndi malamulo achinsinsi amene amaletsa kusonkhanitsa chidziŵitso kozikidwa pa ntchito za kuFirst Amendment àgioctive .

Kusunga Chinsinsi ndi Chisungiko

Kugaŵana chidziŵitso kumangokhala ngati kutsekereza kochepa kwambiri m'zochitika. Ngati bungwe lolandira silikusunga bwino njira zokwanira za intaneti, kusungitsa malamulo ozindikira bwino (PII), maadiresi a panyumba, kapena luntha [1] njira zosonkhanitsira zinthu zingawonedwe. Makampani ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti makompyuta awo akugwirizana ndi miyezo yonga CJIS Security Policy [1], imene imalamula kumasulira, kutsimikizira kochitidwa ndi mapangano a zochitika.

Mikangano ya Malamulo

Kugawana umboni wophatikizidwa m'malamulo a boma kungaswe malamulo a boma lina. Mwachitsanzo, boma limene limalola maselo 76site opezeka m'mikhalidwe yosadziŵika lingakhale ndi mfundozo ndi boma limene likufuna dongosolo la khoti. Bungwe lolandiralo likhoza kulephera kugwiritsira ntchito chidziŵitsocho m’nkhani yake. Mapangano oletsa kusonkhanitsa ndi kugwiritsira ntchito malamulo a m'mabungwe angachititse kuti nkhondozi zikhale zopanda ntchito.

Mbali Zovuta za Mapangano a Chigwirizano siima

Mapangano ogwirizana ndi malamulo ndiwo maziko a nkhani iliyonse yovomerezeka.

  • Kusiyanitsa kwa chidziŵitso -- chaza bwino lomwe zolembedwa (m’ lekuatiso, mbiri ya upandu, malipoti a zochitika, ziŵiya zokhala ndi masamu) amagawana, ndi mpangidwe wotani.
  • Purpose derect – akunena kuti chidziŵitso chingagwiritsiridwe ntchito kokha kaamba ka kusungitsa lamulo, chisungiko cha anthu, kapena kulola chiweruzo chaupandu.
  • Ubwino wa Data [ – imafunikira bungwe lililonse kutsimikizira zolondola ndi zosinthira zapanthaŵi yake (m' lekuatiso, zochotsera, zowongolera).
  • [[MLT:0] Ukhondo umateteza [1] – chilolezo chikugwirizana ndi CJIS Security Policy, miyezo yolemba mawu olembedwa, ndi kupenda kwa nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi.
  • Audit ndi kuŵerengera – zimaphatikizapo makonzedwe akudula mitengo, kuchititsa mapikica, ndi kusimba molakwika.
  • Chigamulo cha Distpute – fotokozani mmene kusamvana pa kumasulira kapena kusamalira kungathetsedwe.
  • Chrinition [[FLT :1] – kumveketsa zimene zimachitika ku chidziŵitso chimodzi pamene pangano litha (m., kubwerera kapena kuwononga zolembedwa).

Ngati palibe mapangano amenewa, mabungwe a boma amaika pangozi yokhudzana ndi malamulo a boma chifukwa choulula zinthu popanda lamulo, kuphwanya ufulu wochita zinthu zachinsinsi, kapena kuphwanya pangano.

Miyambo Yabwino Koposa ya Malamulo Okakamiza

Kupanga programu yovomerezeka ndi yogwira mtima yolemba zinthu kumafuna malamulo, maphunziro, ndi uyang’aniro.

Kulitsani Chidziŵitso Chomvekera Bwino Chochirikiza Uchimo ndi Zofunika za Malamulo

Apolisi ayenera kugwirizanitsa mathayo a boma ndi boma ndi kupendedwa nthaŵi zonse. Ayenera kulongosola amene ali ndi mphamvu yogawana chidziŵitso, kupyolera mwa zimene zimatanthauza (m’chitsanzo, kutetezeka kwa stem system system system , ndi pansi pa mikhalidwe yotani (m'jere, mikhalidwe yosintha ndi ma flags system). Malamulo atsopano amathandiza kutsimikizira ndi kutetezera zinenezo za kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa makompyuta kapena kutsata upo.

Limbikitsani Mapangano Oti Muyenera Kuwatsatira Mwachibadwa

Monga taonera kale, mfundo zolembedwa za kumvetsetsa (MOU) kapena mfundo zimene zikugwirizana n’zofunika. Ziyenera kuvomerezedwa ndi lamulo kwa zigaŵenga zonse ndipo nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi kuchotsedwa. Malo ambiri oikamo anthu m’mimba amagwiritsa ntchito malembo apadera ochokera ku DHS (D) kuti atsimikizire kuti zinthu sizisintha, koma kuti mwambo wa kumaloko ukhale wofunikirabe.

Njira Zotetezera Njira Zobedwa

Luso la zopangapanga likhoza kuthandiza ndiponso kuteteza kuti anthu azilemba zinthu zosiyanasiyana.

  • Malize kulembedwa mawu olembedwa pamanja kuti mupeze chidziŵitso cha zinthu zolembedwa pa ulendo ndi popuma.
  • Kutsimikizira kuti ogwiritsira ntchito makina onse amayendera limodzi.
  • Zotetezera zopezekapo zokhala ndi malo oyenerera (RBAC) kuchepetsa kuonekera kwa amene “afunikira kudziŵa.”
  • Malo ofufuzira zinthu amene amalemba zinthu zimene anazipeza, nthawi yake, ndiponso cholinga chake.
  • Kulemba zinthu zongochitika zokha ndi kuchotsa zinthu zina kuti zikhale zolondola.

Makampani a zachangu ayeneranso kuchita kupenda kokhazikika kwa kuyambukiridwa ndi kupima koloŵera.

Pangani Maphunziro Opitirizabe pa Mathayo a Malamulo

Antchito onse amene amasamalira chidziŵitso chogawana . kuyambira otumiza kwa apolisi . Kuphunzitsa kuyenera kukwaniritsa malamulo oyenerera (Chikalata cha Privugate, ECPA, CJIS Security Policy), zokhala m'mapangano ogwirizana, ndi kusamalira koyenera kwa chidziŵitso chakuya. Kosi za otsitsimula pachaka nzaching'ono. Ofufuza angagwiritsire ntchito maphunziro otengedwa m'malamulo (m.g., “Mulandira pempho la chidziŵitso kuchokera ku sherigu ya m'chigawo china?

Kachitidwe ka Kubwereramo ndi Kutsitsimula

Malo alamulo osungiramo zachinsinsi za makompyuta akusintha mofulumira. Nyumba za malamulo za boma zikukhazikitsa malamulo atsopano achinsinsi a zamagetsi, ndipo zigamulo za khoti (m’chitsanzo, Carpeenter v. United States pa maselo siimazi) zoyembekezera pa umboni wa magetsi. Mabungwe ayenera kulinganiza kupenda kwa pachaka kwa ma data 76 oyenera ndi malamulo awo osintha mogwirizana ndi . Bungwe la advisory komiti yomwe imaphatikizapo malamulo alamulo, malo achinsinsi, ndi luso la zopangapanga lingapereke uyang'aniro wopitirizabe.

Kukhala Wekha ndi Kumasulidwa kwa Anthu: Kulinganiza Kutetezeredwa kwa Anthu ndi Ufulu Wanu

Kugaŵana zinthu kungathandizire kuthetsa mwamsanga upandu, kudziŵa anthu amene akudwala, ndi kupeŵa kuopseza ena.

  • Kuchepetsa – kusonkhanitsa kokha chidziŵitso chofunikira kaamba ka chifuno cha lamulo.
  • Kusunga ndi kuchotsa ndandanda – khazikitsa madeti omveka kwa utali wa chidziŵitso chogawiridwa, ndi kuchotsa magetsi pamene chiloledwa.
  • Kuyang'anira ndi kuŵerengera – kutchula bwana wachinsinsi kapena nduna ya ufulu wa anthu yokhala ndi ulamuliro wofufuza madandaulo ndi kusimba zopezedwa kwa atsogoleri aakulu.
  • Traxable - imafalitsa lipoti lapachaka la ntchito za chidziŵitso (mopanda kulolera kufunsa) kudziŵitsa anthu.

Malo ambiri oloŵeramo atengera malamulo aufulu [[FLT: 0] privice amene amapyola pa malamulo a . Kutsanzira zimenezi kungathandize bungwe kusonyeza kutsimikiza mtima kwake ku ufulu wa anthu.

Kugwirizana kwa Zipangizo zamakono ndi Zaluso Zotetezeka

Malamulo osungitsa zinthu masiku ano kaŵirikaŵiri amadalira pa pulatifomu monga ngati kugawana chidziŵitso (m' lekuatiso, LEOlínk , NLETS , internat ). Makampani ayenera kupenda kumanga kwa malo alionse otetezedwa a papulatifomu yogwirizana.

  • Kodi papulatifomu imachirikiza ntchito yolembedwa ndi kulembedwa kwabwino?
  • Kodi mauthenga onse ndi osalembedwa m’Baibulo?
  • Kodi papulatifomu ikutsutsana ndi malamulo a boma (m’njira yosavuta, FadRAMP kaamba ka ntchito ya m’mitambo)?
  • Kodi wopereka ndalamayo amakhala ndi zikalata zodzitetezera?

Kuti athandize anthu a nzeru zenizeni panthaŵi imodzi, mabungwe angafunikire kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zoyendetsera zinthu zimene zimamasulira pakati pa makompyuta osiyanasiyana oyendera zinthu zosiyanasiyana pamene akusunga zipilala. Ngakhale pa luso la zopangapanga, uyang’aniro wa anthu uyenera kupendedwabe ndi ofesala wololedwa asanafalitse nkhani zambiri.

Kupitira Patsogolo ndi Kupenda

programu yosamalira siimakhazikitsidwa ndi kuiwala. Makampani ayenera kuchititsa kufufuza kwapanthaŵi ndi nthaŵi kuti atsimikizire kuti chidziŵitso chogawana chikugwiritsiridwa ntchito mogwirizana ndi mapangano ndi zofunika za lamulo. Nkhani zoti zipende mkati mwa kuŵerengera zimaphatikizapo:

  • Kodi n’zoona kuti n’zolondola kugwiritsa ntchito mitengo yonseyi?
  • Nthaŵi iliyonse imene anangolemba zinthu pazifukwa zosagwirizana.
  • Kaya kugawanako za chidziŵitso chosakhala chololeka (m., kope lokopedwa lotumizidwa ndi email) kwachitika.
  • Gwiritsani ntchito ndandanda ya kusungitsa chidziŵitso ndi kuwononga.

Zopezedwa m'bungwe la zolembedwa ziyenera kusimbidwa ku atsogoleri a bungwe ndipo, m'nkhani za kusagwirizana kwa zinthu, ku atsamwali ogwirizana. Zochita zowongolera monga kuphunzitsidwa kowonjezereka, kusintha kwa dongosolo, kapena kusintha kwa antchito .

Kudalira Anthu Onse ndi Kudziŵerengera Mlandu

Pomalizira pake, kusungitsa malamulo kugawana kuli mwaŵi woperekedwa ndi anthu. Mabungwe amene amagwira ntchito moonekeratu, ndi zitetezero zalamulo ndi zachinsinsi, amapanga kudalirana kofunikira kuchirikiza mgwirizano wautali. Kudalirana kwa anthu kumayendera limodzi ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwaluso. Ngati anthu amakhulupirira kuti kugawana chidziŵitso kungasokoneze mgwirizano ndi luntha logwirizana ndi kusungitsa malamulo.

Mabungwe a boma ayenera:

  • Muzithandizana ndi anthu amene akuyesetsa kukhazikitsa mfundo zimene anthu amatsatira.
  • Kambitsiranani mmene nkhani zimene mumauzana zimatetezeredwa.
  • Kangani bungwe la anthu wamba kapena komiti yachinsinsi kuti mupendenso zochita.
  • Yankhani mwamsanga ndi mowonekera ku zolembedwa za anthu (pamene kuli kwakuti ponena za kusungitsa lamulo oletsa kuchotsedwa).

Kumaliza

Kugaŵana chidziŵitso chogwira mtima pakati pa mabungwe osungitsa malamulo ndi a kumaloko kungawongolere mokulira zoyesayesa za kutetezera anthu onse . Kulephera mwamsanga kudziŵikitsa onyumwiridwa, mbiri za upandu wokwanira, ndi luntha logwirizana pa ziwopsezo zobuka. Komabe kukambitsirana kulikonse kuli ndi mathayo alamulo amene sanganyalanyazidwe. Malamulo achinsinsi, miyezo ya chisungiko, ndi mapangano ogwirizana ayenera kugwira ntchito m’bungwe lotetezera ufulu wa munthu ndi kusunga umphumphu wa ntchito za kusungitsa ntchito za lamulo.

Mwakukulitsa malamulo omveka bwino ogwirizana ndi zofunika za boma ndi boma, kukhazikitsa mapangano, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotetezera zolimba, kupereka maphunziro opitirizabe, ndi kufunsira nthaŵi zonse, mabungwe angagwirizanitse mphamvu ya kudziŵana pamene akukhalabe kumbali yamanja ya lamulo. Kugaŵana zinthu sikunalembedwe mwalamulo chabe. N’koyenera kusungitsa chidaliro cha anthu chimene chimapangitsa kuti ntchito ya usilikali ikhale yogwira mtima.