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Kumvetsa Lamulo Lachisanu: Chitsogozo Chokwanira cha Ufulu Wanu wa Malamulo
Demendment yachisanu imakhala imodzi ya zitetezero zowopsa kwambiri mu Bill of Rights, kutetezera anthu a boma kwa kuchitiridwa milandu yalamulo. Kuyesedwa mu 1791 monga mbali ya kukonza koyambirira khumi ku United States Constitution, kukonza kumeneku kumakhazikitsa ufulu waukulu umene umakhala wofunikabe m'milandu yamakono ndi milandu yachiŵeniŵeni. Pamene kuli kwakuti anthu ambiri amazindikira mawu akuti "Kutsogolera Wachisanu" ku wailesi yakanema, kuchepetsako kumaperekadi madongosolo a chitetezo amene amaposa pa kungokhala chete. Kumvetsa zoyenera zimenezi kumathandiza nzikazo kuyendetsa zinthu zalamulo ndi chidaliro ndi kutsimikizira kuti zilandire chilango choyenera pansi pa lamulo.
Mawu a Fite Amendment analembedwa kuti: “Palibe munthu amene adzakakamizidwa kuyankha mlandu wa likulu, kapena upandu wambiri, pokhapokha ngati wapatsidwa mlandu kapena kuimbidwa mlandu ndi Wachikulu wa Jury, kusiyapo ngati pachitika mlandu m’dzikolo kapena m’nkhondo ya nkhondo, kapena ku Militia, pamene akutumikiradi panthaŵi ya Nkhondo kapena pa ngozi ya anthu; kapena munthu aliyense amene adzachitiridwa mlandu umodzi chifukwa cha mlanduwo kuti aikidwe pangozi kapena kuikidwa chiŵalo cha mlandu; kapena kukakamizidwa m’nkhani iliyonse yaupandu kuti akhale mboni yodzitsutsa yekha, kapena kulandidwa moyo, ufulu, kapena katundu, popanda njira yalamulo; kapena katundu wapowekhayo kutengedwa kuti agwiritsiridwe ntchito, popanda kulipira, kupereka kopatula, kopambutsira, koyenera kuperekedwa kwa lamulo lililonse.
Chikalata Chachisanu Chowonjezera cha Lamulo la Nambala 5
Mpando wa Fite Amendment uli ndi zitetezero zisanu zimene zimagwirira ntchito pamodzi kupanga dongosolo loyenera la lamulo. Chiganizo chilichonse chimanena za mbali yakutiyakuti imene mphamvu ya boma ingagonjetse ufulu wa munthu aliyense payekha. Kumvetsetsa mavesi ameneŵa kumathandizira kumveketsa bwino mmene kukonzako kumagwira ntchito monga mbali yonse.
Mtundu Wotchuka wa Jury Claus
Grand Jury Clause imafuna kuti oweruza a boma apereke umboni kwa oweruza aakulu asanabweretse milandu ya milandu yaikulu. Oweruza akuluakulu akukhala ndi nzika wamba zimene zimapenda mlandu wa project ’ umboni ndi kutsimikizira ngati pali chochititsa kutsutsa. Kachitidwe kameneka kamaletsa boma kukonza milandu yopanda maziko kwa anthu popanda kuonetsa choyamba chifukwa chokwanira chochitira zimenezo.
Nkhani zazikulu za ajuli zimagwira ntchito mosiyana ndi milandu ya ajuli. Nkhanizo zidakali zachinsinsi, ndipo loyayo safunikira kupereka umboni wa kuweruza. Oweruza akuluakulu angomva mlandu wa mlandu wa Antiop ’ mlandu ndi kusankha ngati pali umboni wokwanira wopitira patsogolo. Chitetezero chimenechi chimagwira ntchito makamaka ku milandu ya upandu wa boma ya milandu yolingaliridwa "osayeneretsedwa," imene kaŵirikaŵiri imaphatikizapo kulangidwa ndi mlandu wa milandu yopalamula pa chaka chimodzi m’ndende.
Khoti Lapamwamba lapereka chigamulo chakuti Grand Jury Clause siimagwira ntchito ku boma milandu kupyolera m'chiphunzitso chophatikiza. Mmalomwake, maboma amodzi amagwiritsira ntchito njira zawo, zimene zingaphatikizepo kuzenga milandu koyambirira mmalo mwa makhoti aakulu. Komabe, maboma ambiri amasankha kugwiritsira ntchito mapwando aakulu a milandu yaikulu, kusunga mbali yowonjezereka ya nzika isanachitidwe mlandu.
Chitetezo pa Kuopsa kwa Madzi
Chitetezo chimenechi chimathandiza kuti boma lisamapereke mlandu kawiri pa mlandu womwewo pambuyo poti munthu walakwa kapena walakwa.
Malamulo otetezera oikidwa pangozi amagwirizanitsidwa kaŵiri pamene ajuli aikidwa m'malo oweruza ndi kulumbira m'zembe, kapena pamene mboni yoyamba yalumbira m'zembe kuzenga mlandu. Ngati mlandu uchitika pa zifukwa zonga ngati juli yopachikidwa, boma lingayese mlanduwo chifukwa chakuti ngoziyo sinafike pa chigamulo chomaliza. Komabe, ngati woweruzayo achititsa mwadala kulakwa mwa kuweruza kolakwika, mlandu ungatsekedwenso.
Kusintha kwakukulu kumaphatikizapo kusiyana pakati pa milandu yachiŵeniŵeni ndi milandu yachiŵeniŵeni. Mkhalidwe umodzimodziwo ungatsogolere ku milandu ya upandu ndi milandu yachiŵeniŵeni popanda kuswa zitetezero zoŵirikiza kaŵiri. Mwachitsanzo, munthu womasulidwa ku kuukira kwaupandu angayang'anebe ku mlandu wa chiŵembu chifukwa cha mlandu umodzimodziwo chifukwa chakuti milandu ya boma imaphatikizapo muyezo walamulo ndi zotulukapo zosiyana. Mofananamo, maboma onse aŵiri a boma ndi maboma angapereke mlandu wa khalidwe limodzimodzi ngati khalidwelo likuswa malamulo onse aŵiri a boma, pansi pa zimene zimadziŵika kuti "uchifumu".
Chitetezo pa Kudzivulaza
Kudzipatula kwa Claus ndiko mwinamwake makonzedwe odziŵika bwino a Kusintha kwa Gawo la Kuyamba Lachisanu. Kumatsimikizira kuti palibe munthu "adzakakamizidwa m'nkhani iliyonse yaupandu kudzitsutsa yekha. Kuyenera kumeneku kumalola anthu kukana kuyankha mafunso amene angawaimbe mlandu m'zochita zaupandu. Chitetezero chimapita ku malo alionse ku bwalo lamilandu kumene boma limakakamiza umboni, kuphatikizapo kufunsa kwa apolisi, kuweruza, ndi kuyang'anira.
Miranda wotchuka anachenjeza kuti apolisi amabwereza mawu panthaŵi ya kumangidwa amachokera mwachindunji ku mawu ameneŵa. Mainda v. Arizona [1] (1966), Khoti Lalikulu linakhazikitsa kuti anthu okayikira ayenera kuuzidwa za ufulu wawo wa kukhala chete ndi ufulu wawo kwa loya asanayambitse kufunsa mafunso audindo. Mawu opezedwa popanda machenjezo ameneŵa amamveka m’khoti. Chifuniro chimenechi chimatsimikizira kuti anthu amvetsetse ufulu wawo walamulo asanaimbidwe m'malo osungirako milandu.
Kuyenera kotsutsana ndi kudzitsutsa kumagwira ntchito kokha ku umboni wotsimikizira, osati umboni wowoneka. Apolisi angafune kunyumwiridwa kupereka zidindo za chala chala, DNA, mayeso a mwazi, kapena kutengamo mbali m'mizera popanda kuswa Lamulo lachisanu chifukwa chakuti mitundu imeneyi ya umboni siikulingaliridwa kukhala yotsimikizirika. Kusiyana kuli m'chiyeneretso kaya wokaikiridwayo afunikira kulankhulana ndi chidziŵitso kapena malingaliro. Kulemba kuvomereza kuli kotsimikizirika, koma kupereka chitsanzo cha kulemba sikuli.
Pamene bizinesi ilandira ndalama zolembedwa, bungwelo silingakane kutulutsa zikalata zozikidwa pa Lamulo la Kukonzanso kwa Kuyamba kwa Kuyamba. Khoti Lapamwamba lanena kuti mwaŵiwo ndi waumwini ndipo superekedwa ku mabungwe onse, ngakhale ngati zikalatazo zingapereke mlandu kwa anthu amene akulamulira gulu.
Mmene Claus Amayendera
Claus wa ku Windows ikunena kuti palibe munthu amene adzachotsedwa moyo, ufulu, kapena katundu popanda njira yoyenerera ya lamulo. Makonzedwe ameneŵa amafuna kuti boma litsatire njira zolungama lisanachite zinthu zimene zimayambukira ufulu wofunika wa munthu. Ntchito yake imagwira ntchito m’njira ziŵiri zosiyana: njira yoikizira ndi njira yoyenerera.
Kachitidwe koyenera kofuna kudziŵikitsa kakufuna kuti boma ligwiritsire ntchito njira zolungama pomana munthu moyo, ufulu, kapena katundu. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo kupereka chidziŵitso cha zochita zolingaliridwa, mwaŵi wa kumvedwa, kuyenera kwa kupereka umboni, ndi kuyenera kwa kuyang'anizana ndi mboni. Njira zofunikirazo zimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa chiwongola dzanja cha pamtengo ndi mikhalidwe ya chochitikacho. Mwachitsanzo, kuchotsa zoyenera za makolo kumafuna chitetezo chachikulu kuposa kuchotsa dalaivala malaisensi chifukwa chakuti zikondwerero zophatikizidwa ziri zofunika kwambiri.
Njira yoyenerera yolera ana imaletsa boma kuswa zoyenera zina zazikulu mosasamala kanthu za njira zogwiritsiridwa ntchito. Chiphunzitso chimenechi chimatetezera ufulu umene uli "wokhala ndi ufulu wolamulidwa," kuphatikizapo kuyenera kwa kulera ana, kuyenera kwa kusakhala pawekha, ndi kuyenera kwa kukana chithandizo cha mankhwala. Njira yoyenerera imafunikira kuti makhoti afufuze ngati malamulo amene amaika ufulu waukulu umenewu amatumikira chiwongolala cha boma ndipo amakonzedwa mopepuka kuti apeze chikondwerero chimenecho.
Bungwe la Geneth Amendment lili ndi lamulo lofanana ndi la Claus (Act Procession Claus) lokhudza maboma a boma.
Kutenga Claus
Buku lakuti Pieting Claus, lodziŵikanso monga Eminant Volume Claus, limanena kuti katundu waumwini sayenera "kutengedwa kuti agwiritsiridwe ntchito ndi anthu, popanda kubwezeredwa. Makonzedwe ameneŵa amalola boma kulanda katundu waumwini kaamba ka ntchito za anthu koma amafuna kulipiridwa mtengo wosamalitsa kwa mwini katundu. Boma liyenera kusonyeza kuti kutengako kumathandiza anthu onse ndipo kuyenera kupereka malipiro okwanira kaamba ka kutaikiridwa.
Boma liyenera kutsatira njira zolowera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zimenezi, kuphatikizapo kupereka machenjezo kwa eni katundu, kuweruza anthu, ndi kupereka chikhulupiriro chabwino kuti agule katunduyo asanayambe kuweruza.
Mbali yotsutsana ya kugwiritsa ntchito Privice Claus imaphatikizapo kumasulira kwa "kugwiritsira ntchito kwapoyera. Mu Kelo v. Mzinda wa New London (2005], Khoti Lalikulu linavomereza kuti kupita patsogolo kwa zachuma kuyenera kukhala ntchito ya anthu onse, kulola boma kutenga katundu kwa mwini mwini wake mmodzi ndi kumtumiza ku wina kuti abwezeretsere chuma. Chigamulo chimenechi chinapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri asiye malamulo olemekezeka oletsa zifuno za zachuma. Boma la boma la boma ndi mayiko ambiri tsopano lili ndi ziyenero zokhwima zothandizira kupindulitsa anthu.
Kutenga malo a Clause kumayang'aniranso ntchito. Malamulo a boma amachepetsa mtengo wa katundu kwambiri kotero kuti amalepheretsa mwini wake kugwiritsira ntchito bwino katunduyo. M’nkhani ngati zimenezi, mwini katunduyo angapereke ndalama ngakhale kuti boma silinatenge katunduyo mwalamulo. Makhoti amapenda malamulo obwezera mlandu pa maziko a mlanduwo, poganizira za phindu la chuma la malamulowo, mmene limadodometsera ziyeneretso zotsa ndalama, ndi mmene likulu la boma limawonongera malamulowo.
Mmene Kukonzanso kwachisanu Kumagwirira Ntchito
Kuzindikira mmene chitetezo chimenechi chimagwirira ntchito m’mikhalidwe yeniyeni ya dziko kumathandiza nzika kuzindikira zoyenera zawo ndi kuzigwiritsira ntchito bwino. Mkhalidwe wa Kusintha kwa Kuyamba kumagwira ntchito mosiyanasiyana malinga ndi nkhani yake, ndipo kudziŵa pamene chitetezo chilichonse chimagwira ntchito kungathandize kwambiri pa zotulukapo zalamulo.
Mkati mwa Kukumana kwa Apolisi
Pamene apolisi aimitsidwa kapena kumangidwa, anthu ali ndi ufulu wakukhala chete ndipo ayenera kunena momvekera bwino kuti iwo akuchita kuyenera kumeneko. Kungokhala chete sikungakwanire kupempha chitetezo chachisanu pamikhalidwe yonse. Khoti Lapamwamba lanena kuti munthu ayenera kupempha kuyenera kukhala chete kapena kuyenera kwa uphungu. Mawu onga "Ndikufuna kulankhula ndi loya" kapena "Ndikugwiritsa ntchito ufulu wanga kukhala chete" limalankhula momvekera bwino.
Pambuyo popempha kuyenera kwa kukhala chete, apolisi ayenera kuleka kufunsa mwamsanga. Komabe, iwo angapitirizebe kufufuza mwa njira zina, monga ngati kufufuza anyumwidwe a ’ galimoto kapena kusonkhanitsa umboni wakuthupi. Chitetezero cha kudzitetezera sichimaletsa apolisi kusonkhanitsa umboni wosalemekeza kapena kuyang'anira khalidwe limene lingaike mlandu.
Nkofunika kudziŵa kuti kudzipereka kwaufulu popanda kufunsidwa sikumaphatikizapo Lamulo lachisanu. Chitetezocho chimagwira ntchito kokha ku umboni wokakamizidwa. Ngati wina aulula modzifunira popanda kufunsidwa mafunso kapena kukhala m’ndende, kuti kuulula kungakhale kosatheka ngakhale popanda chenjezo la Miranda. Chochititsa chachikulu ndicho kaya mawuwo aperekedwa mokakamiza kapena mokakamiza boma.
M’khoti
Mlandu wa apandu umakhala ndi ufulu wokana kupereka umboni, ndipo loyayo sanganenepo za kukana kwawo kutero. Oweruza amalangizidwa kusapereka ndemanga zoipa kwa woimbidwa mlandu wotchedwa ’ chigamulo cha kukhala chete. Kutetezedwa kumeneku kumachititsa oimbidwa mlanduwo kuvomereza mlanduwo popanda kukakamizidwa kutenga nawo mbali m’ndende yawo.
Mboni zimene sizili oimbidwa mlandu zingapemphenso kuti bungwe la Fite Amendment likanize kuyankha mafunso ena amene angawaike mlandu. Komabe, mboni sizingayankhe mosankha mafunso ena pamene zikukana kuyankha ena pankhani imodzimodziyo. Umboni ukayamba kupereka umboni wa nkhani inayake, iwo satha kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi woyankha mafunso okhudza nkhaniyi. Mbonizo ziyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mwayiwu pa mafunso ovuta kwambiri, ndipo woweruza asankhe ngati mwayiwo ukugwira ntchito bwino.
Pankhani zachiŵeniŵeni, zipani zingapemphe Owonjezera a Fitep kuti apeŵe kupereka umboni umene ungawaike mlandu m'nkhani zaupandu. Komabe, mosiyana ndi milandu yaupandu, oweruza m'nkhani yachiŵeniŵeni anganene mawu otsutsa kuchokera ku gulu la ’ kukana kupereka umboni kapena kutulutsa zikalata. Kusiyana kumeneku kumasonyeza zolinga zosiyana za upandu ndi milandu yachiŵeniŵeni ndi ziwombolo zosiyana zimene zikuloŵetsedwamo.
M’Malonda ndi Malamulo
Kusintha kwa Malamulo kwachisanu kumagwira ntchito mosiyanasiyana m’makampani ndi m’mabungwe. Anthu angakane kutulutsa zikalata zaumwini zimene zingawapatsire mlandu, koma mwaŵiwo sumaperekanso ku zolembedwa za malonda zochitidwa ndi makampani kapena mabungwe ena a bizinesi.
Mabungwe oyang’anira zinthu nthaŵi zambiri amapempha chidziŵitso kwa makampani, ndipo Fifter Amendment ingapereke chitetezo chochepa pa nkhani zimenezi. Anthu angakane kuyankha mafunso pofufuza ngati mayankho awo angatsogolere ku mlandu. Komabe, mabungwe ambiri oletsa zinthu amaphatikizapo makonzedwe otetezera anthu kuti asaimbidwe mlandu chifukwa cha umboni wawo wokakamiza, umene umachotsadi chopinga cha Kukonzanso Koyamba cha Kusintha zinthu kuti apeze chidziŵitso.
Pamene boma lifuna kuti makampani asunge zolembedwa zina kuti ayendetsere malamulo, zolembedwazo amaziona ngati zolembedwa za anthu onse osati za anthu okha. Boma lingakakamize kutulutsa zolembedwa zofunika popanda kuphwanya Lamulo la Owonjezera lachisanu, ngakhale ngati zolembazo zili ndi chidziŵitso chokhudza nkhaniyo.
Malingaliro Ofala Olakwika Ponena za Kusintha kwa Malamulo kwa Gawo
Kuthetsa kusamvetsetsana kumeneku kumathandiza nzika kusankha zochita mozindikira pochita zinthu ndi malamulo.
[[FLT: 0] Kulingalira: Kutsogolera Lachisanu kumatanthauza inu wolakwa. Chitetezero cha lamulo pa kudziimba mlandu chilipo kwenikweni chifukwa chakuti anthu opanda liwongo angakhale ndi zifukwa zomveka zopeŵera umboni. Mboni ingawope kuti mayankho owona angamvedwe molakwa kapena kugwiritsiridwa ntchito m’njira zimene zimatsogolera kutsutsa nkhani zosagwirizana. Khoti Lapamwamba nthaŵi zonse lakhulupirira kuti kuvomereza Fit 5 Constrandment sikuli kuvomereza liŵongo ndi kuti palibe mawu otsutsa oyenera kutengedwa ku Mfulitsidwa kukhala chete.
Kusintha kwa pulogalamu: Kusintha kwachisanu kumagwira ntchito m'khoti. Pamene kuli kwakuti kukonza kukutchula mwachindunji "milandu ya mlandu," chitetezo cha kudzipha chimagwira ntchito m'malo alionse kumene boma limakakamiza umboni, kuphatikizapo milandu ya boma, kuzenga milandu, kufunsa kwa apolisi, ndi kufunsa mafunso. Chitetezo nchachikulu kwambiri kubisa mkhalidwe uliwonse umene munthu akukhalamo ’ mayankho ake angatsogolere ku milandu yaupandu.
Kusintha: Mukhoza kungomzenga wachisanu ngati ndinu woimbidwa mlandu. Umboni uliwonse ungapemphe Lamulo Lachisanu kuti upeŵe kuyankha mafunso amene angawaimbe mlandu, mosasamala kanthu kuti kaya iwo ali mbali ya mlanduwo. Udindowo uli wa aliyense payekha ndipo uli wa mboni iliyonse. Komabe, mwaŵiwo sumalola mboni kukana kuyankha mafunso amene angaike mlandu wina.
Kuopsa kwa : Kuopsa kwa kaŵiri kumatanthauza kuti simungayesedwe kaŵiri. Chitetezero cha ngozi chili ndi zinthu zina zofunika kwambiri. Monga momwe tanenera poyamba, chiphunzitso cha ulamuliro wamitundu iŵiri chimalola maboma a boma ndi a boma kuweruza munthu wina pa khalidwe lomwelo. Kuwonjezera apo, ngozi ziŵiri sizimaletsa kuzenganso mlandu pambuyo pa kuweruza kopangidwa, kuchonderera kwachipambano kwa woimbidwa mlandu, kapena kulakwa kochititsidwa ndi kusoŵa koonekeratu. Malamulo a boma ndi milandu yaupandu kaamba ka khalidwe limodzimodzilo zimaloledwanso.
Misclation: Boma lingatenge katundu wanu pa chifukwa chilichonse malinga ngati likhoza. Malamulo Omwe Amatenga Claus amafuna zonse ziŵiri kugwiritsira ntchito kwa anthu ndi kubwezera. Bomalo liyenera kusonyeza kuti kukwaniritsa chifuno cha boma chovomerezeka, ndipo mwini wake ali ndi ufulu wotsutsa kuweruza m'makhoti. Kuwonjezerapo, boma liyenera kutsatira njira zoyenerera, kuphatikizapo kupereka chidziŵitso ndi mpata woti amvedwe. Ambuye amene amakhulupirira katundu wawo popanda kulipira angatsutsenso mlanduwo.
Kusintha kwa Nachisanu m’Malo a Malamulo Amakono
Makhoti akupitiriza kulimbana ndi mmene malamulo a masiku ano amathandizira zinthu monga umboni wamakono wokhudza zinthu zamakono monga zipangizo zamakono zogwiritsa ntchito kompyuta, zipangizo zamagetsi, ndiponso njira zoyendetsera zinthu.
Nkhani ina imene ikubukayi ndi yakuti boma lingakakamize anthu kuti alembe mawu achinsinsi a zipangizo zawo zamagetsi kapena kupereka mawu achinsinsi kuti apeze chidziŵitso cha makompyuta. Makhoti apeza mfundo zosiyanasiyana pa funso limeneli, ndipo ena amati kuunika kokakamiza ndiko kutetezana ndi Lamulo la Malamulo lachisanu, pamene ena apeza kuti kupereka liwulo ndi chinthu chenicheni m’malo mwa mawu otsimikizira. Khoti Lapamwamba silinathetse nkhaniyi motsimikiza, likupeza kuti n’kulephera kuteteza Findme Amendment pa nyengo ya makono.
Dera lina lotukuka limaphatikizapo kugwiritsira ntchito chitetezo pokakamiza umboni. Oweruza angapereke mboni kuti zichotse chopinga cha Fite Amendment ndi kuwakakamiza kupereka umboni. Kutetezeredwa kwa lamulo ku mlandu wofotokozedwa m’umboni, pamene kuli kwakuti kugwiritsira ntchito chitetezo kumaletsa boma kugwiritsira ntchito umboni weniweniwo popereka mlandu. Khoti Lapamwamba lanena kuti kugwiritsira ntchito chitetezo kuli kokwanira kukakamiza umboni, kutanthauza kuti boma lingakakamize umboni kupereka umboni kwa nthaŵi yaitali malinga ngati siligwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito umboniwo pambuyo pake.
Kudutsana kwa Lamulo lachisanu ndi nkhaŵa za chisungiko cha dziko kwabutsanso mkangano waukulu. Makhoti kaŵirikaŵiri alola boma kukhala ndi ufulu waukulu wopereka umboni wogwirizana ndi nkhani za chisungiko cha dziko, makamaka pamene mboni zipeza chidziŵitso choikidwa. Komabe, malamulo a Owonjezera achisanu akhalabe osasintha, ndipo anthu amasunga ufulu wolimbana ndi kudzivulaza ngakhale pankhani zachitetezo.
Kugwirizana Pakati pa Kusintha kwa Malamulo kwa Gawo ndi Ufulu Wina wa Malamulo
Kumvetsa mfundo zimenezi kumathandiza nzika kuzindikira mmene malamulo a m’dzikolo amagwirira ntchito monga njira yotetezera anthu.
Isignipment yachisanu imatsimikizira kuyenera kwa kupereka uphungu, kuyenera kwa kuzenga mlandu kofulumira ndi kwa anthu, kuyenera kwa kuyang'anira mboni, ndi kuyenera kwa kukakamiza kwa njira yopezera mboni. Zitetezero zimenezi zimakwaniritsa mfundo za Fife Constment zimateteza mwa kutsimikizira kuti oimbidwa mlandu ali ndi zida zofunika kuti apereke chitetezo chogwira mtima. Ubwino wa kupereka uphungu, makamaka, umathandiza oimba mlandu kumvetsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ufulu wawo woyamba wa kukonzanso zinthu panthaŵi ya kufunsa kwa apolisi ndi ku khoti.
Demendment yachisanu imateteza ku kufufuza kosayenera ndi khunyu, kufunikiritsa zilolezo zozikidwa pa chifukwa chothekera. Chitetezero chimenechi chimagwirizana ndi Demendment Yachisanu chifukwa chakuti umboni wopezeka mwa kufufuza kosakhala kwa lamulo ungachotsedwe m'mayeso a lamulo lopatulidwa. Lamulo la kuchotsa limatumikira ponse paŵiri zachinayi ndi zachisanu zokhazikitsa malamulo mwa kuletsa machita oipa apolisi ndi kutsimikizira kuti oimbidwa mlanduwo supezeka mosemphana ndi lamulo.
Demendment ya Thupi la Thupi ndi [1] Imagwiritsira ntchito zambiri za Malamulo a Ufulu wa boma mwa chiphunzitso choloŵetsedwa. Khoti Lapamwamba lanena kuti kutetezera koyamba kwa Fire 5 kumagwira ntchito ku maboma kudzera ku 144 Dempletement Scted Proces Claus. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo chitetezo pa kudzitetezera, kuletsa kuopsa koŵirikiza kaŵiri, ndi zofunika za kachitidwe ka zinthu. Malamulo a Grand Jury Claus amasungabe osagwiritsidwa ntchito, safunikira kugwiritsira ntchito mamenti aakulu pa milandu ya mapulogalamu.
Njira Zothandiza Zogwiritsira Ntchito Ufulu Wanu wa Kusintha Zinthu
Kudziwa mmene mungagwiritsirire ntchito ndi kuteteza ufulu wanu wa kukhazikitsa malamulo pa nthawi ya Fitempindment kungathandize kwambiri pa nkhani za malamulo.
fotokozani bwino cholinga chanu cha kukhala chete. Kungonena kuti "Ndikugwiritsa ntchito kuyenera kwanga kwa kukhala chete" kapena "Ndikufuna kulankhula ndi loya wanga" akupereka chidziŵitso chomveka kuti mukupempha ufulu wanu wachisanu Computer. Pewani mawu osamvetsetseka amene angatanthauziridwe kukhala kuchepetsa ufulu wanu. Ngati simukutsimikiza ngati mukufuna kulankhula ndi loya, kulakwa kumbali ya kupempha.
Musayankhe mafunso pambuyo popempha ufulu wanu. Pamene mwanena kuti muli chete kapena kuti mukufuna loya, lekani kulankhula mwamsanga. Mawu alionse amene mupanga pambuyo popempha ufulu wanu angagwiritsidwe ntchito potsutsana nanu, ngakhale ngati apolisi akupitiriza kukufunsani. Ngati apolisi akupitirizabe kukufunsani, bwerezani kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito ufulu wanu kukhala chete ndi kufuna kulankhula ndi loya.
Kuvomereza kuti kukhala chete kokha kungakhale kosakwanira. M’mikhalidwe ina, kungokhala chete popanda kupempha mwachindunji kuyenera kwanu kwa Kukonzanso Koyamba sikungalepheretse boma kupereka ndemanga pa kukhala chete kapena kugwiritsa ntchito iko motsutsana ndi inu. Khoti Lapamwamba lanena kuti munthu ayenera kupempha mwaŵiwo kuti alandire chitetezo chokwanira. Ngati muli wokayikitsa, lankhulani ndi kufotokoza bwino cholinga chanu cha kukhala chete.
Kukambirana ndi loya musananene mawu alionse. Loya waluso woteteza waupandu angakuuzeni ngati kulankhula ndi lamulo kuli kopindulitsa kwambiri ndipo kungakuthandizeni kuyang'ana kutseguka maganizo pa ufulu wanu wa Kukonzanso Koyamba. Ngakhale ngati mumakhulupirira kuti muli wopanda liwongo, kufunsana ndi loya musanapange ndemanga kungaletse oletsa kutetezedwa ndi malamulo.
Amasonyeza kugwirizana kulikonse ndi lamulo. Ngati mufunsidwa ndi apolisi kapena kuitanidwa kuti mupereke umboni, sungani zolembedwa zatsatanetsatane za kugwirizana kwake, kuphatikizapo deti, nthaŵi, malo, maina a nduna kapena akuluakulu ophatikizidwa, ndi mbali ya mafunso alionse amene afunsidwa. Makalatawa angakhale ofunika ngati mukufuna kutsutsa kumveka kwa mawu kapena kupezeka kwa nkhanizo pambuyo pake.
Mapeto: Kufunika Kosatha kwa Makonzedwe a Chisanu
Mpando wachisanu wa Amereka wa kukonzanso zinthu udakali maziko a ufulu, kutetezera nzika ku boma lochenjereredwa ndi kutsimikizira chilungamo chachikulu m’malamulo.
Pamene kuli kwakuti kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwachindunji kwa Kusintha kwa Fite Amendment kukupitirizabe ndi kusintha kwa luso la zopangapanga ndi chitaganya, malamulo amakhalidwe abwino amapitirizabe kukhala osasintha. Boma silingakakamize anthu kudziloŵetsa okha m’milandu, silingaperekere munthu aliyense kuzengedwa mlandu wofananawo, liyenera kutsatira njira zolungama asanamanize aliyense moyo, ufulu, kapena katundu, ndipo liyenera kulipira kokha pamene litenga katundu waumwini kaamba ka kugwiritsira ntchito kwa anthu.
Kwa nzika, kuzindikira Lamulo lachisanu kumatanthauza kumvetsetsa mphamvu zimene zimakhala nazo pamene zikuyang’anizana ndi dongosolo la zamalamulo. Kudziŵa za chitetezo cha malamulo chimenechi kumapatsa anthu mphamvu ya kuchirikiza ufulu wawo mwachidaliro ndi kuzindikira pamene ufuluwo ukupotozedwa. Mpambo wa Fitemping umagwira ntchito monga chitetezo chalamulo osati kokha komanso monga chikumbutso chakuti m’dongosolo la chilungamo la ku Amereka, boma liyenera kutsimikizira mlandu wake mosakondera ndi kulemekeza ufulu wa munthu aliyense payekha.
Kaamba ka chidziŵitso chowonjezereka chonena za Demendment Yachisanu ndi zifuno zake. Chitsogozo chowonjezereka cha kugwiritsira ntchito zoyenera zanu zalamulo chingapezedwe ku [FLT:] Cornell Information Institute kapena National Scrard [ Thrial Trackal [[ Thrial , zimene zimapereka chidziŵitso chothandiza pa zochitika zosiyanasiyana za malamulo. Kwa oyang'anizana ndi milandu, kukambitsirana ndi loya ya upandu woyenerera wotetezera ufulu wa "" chitetezero chonse cha ufulu wa ku Demeticment m’mikhalidwe.