Table of Contents

Kusungitsa malamulo ndi maziko a chitaganya chilichonse cha democracy chimene chimafuna kupereka chilungamo chosakondera. Pa maziko ake, kuŵerengera kwake kumatanthauza madongosolo, malamulo, ndi machitachita amene amatsimikizira apolisi ndi mabungwe awo kuti adziyankhire pa zochita zawo. Makamaka pamene zochita zimenezo ziswa lamulo, malamulo audindo, kapena ufulu wa anthu. Popanda kuyang'anira motsimikiza, ngakhale apolisi otsimikiza kwambiri angachititse kuti anthu asiye kukhulupirira zimene zili zofunika kuti atetezedwe ndi kusungika kwa chitaganya. Nkhaniyi ikupereka kupenda kokwanira kwa lamulo, kuyang'anira mizu yake, kufunika kwake kopitirizabe, ndi njira zochitira zinthu zambiri zimene zingapangitse dongosolo lachilungamo la aliyense.

Mbiri ya Kuŵerengera Ulemu

Magulu a apolisi oyambirira odziŵa ntchito, monga amene anakhazikitsidwa mu New York mu 1845, , , osakhala ndi uyang'aniro wa boma. M’zaka za zana la 19 ndi kuchiyambi kwa zaka za zana la 20, apolisi a ku America analamulidwa mokulira, akumatumikira zikondwerero za makina andale ndi apamwamba. Madipatimenti apolisi oyambirira aluso, monga ngati makampani a Rodney King . adatsendereza kufalikira ndi kusintha. Zochitika zimenezi zinatsogolera ku kuyambika kwa mabungwe ankhondo ankhondo ankhondo ankhondo ankhondo a dziko la United States, kutengedwa kwa ma1991 Brime ndi Chilamulo (chilamu cha U. Komiti ya U. . . . Komiti ya Zachilungamo ya kufufuza za kupulupumula kwa machenjera, ndi kuukira kwa mu chitaganya cha chitaganya cha anthu.

Kufunika Kokulira kwa Kuŵerengera Mlandu m’Malamulo Amakono

Kuŵerengeredwa mlandu si lingaliro la boma lokha; kuli ndi ziyambukiro zenizeni pa chisungiko cha anthu ndi chidaliro.

Kutetezeredwa kwa Ufulu wa Nzika

Kutetezeredwa kwa Lamulo lachinayi loletsa kufufuza kosayenera ndi kugwidwa ndi njirinjiri, kutsimikizira kwa Findreement kwa kuletsa kwa Findreth Amendment kwa nkhanza ndi chilango chachilendo zonsezo n’zopanda tanthauzo ngati akuluakulu apolisi amene amaswa malamulowo sayang’anizana ndi zotsatira.

Kumanga ndi Kusunga Chidaliro cha Anthu

Kukhulupirira kuli ndalama ya apolisi ogwira ntchito bwino. Anthu amene amakhulupirira kuti apolisi awo adzawasamalira bwino ali ndi mpata wonena za upandu, kugwirizana ndi kufufuza, ndi kutumikira monga mboni. Kufufuza kwa 2020 kochitidwa ndi Pew Research Center kunapeza kuti 38% ya Black America ndi 56 peresenti ya Aspanic America anadalira apolisi a m'deralo, poyerekezera ndi 73% ya White America. Kutseka mipata imeneyi kumafuna kuŵerengera mosasinthasintha.

Kudziloŵetsa m’Makhalidwe Oipa

Kusiya khalidwe loipali ndi kuchotsaponso kuchotsapo ndi kulamula kuti aphedwe ndi kuphwanya malamulo, n’kutumiza uthenga wamphamvu wakuti nkhanza siidzaloledwa.

Kupita Patsogolo Kwa Zizoloŵezi za Chipani

Madongosolo a kuŵerengera, atakonzedwa bwino, amatulutsa chidziŵitso chimene chingapendedwe kusiyanitsa madesiki osokoneza [1] monga mlingo wapamwamba wa chigawo cha kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu kapena kusiyana kwa mafuko m'malekezero a galimoto. Chidziŵitso chimenechi chimalimbikitsa kuwongolera, kukonzanso malamulo, ndi kugaŵira katundu, kupanga madipatimenti kukhala otetezeka ndi ogwira mtima kwambiri.

Zopinga Zokulira za Kuŵerengera Mlandu Kokhutiritsa

Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri amaona kufunika kwake, n’zovuta kuyankha mlandu chifukwa choopa kuti anthu ena angadzavutike.

Kusoŵa kwa Kuyang’ana Malo ndi Kusonkhanitsa

Madipatimenti ambiri a apolisi amagwira ntchito popanda kuyang'anira kwa anthu. Iwo angaletse madandaulo, kugwiritsira ntchito malipoti a mphamvu, kapena machitidwe olangiza, kutchula malamulo achinsinsi kapena mapangano a antchito. Ngakhale pamene apeza, kaŵirikaŵiri zimasiyana m'mayiko, kukuchititsa kukhala kovuta kuchita ntchito kapena kutchula mavuto a dongosolo la zinthu. Dzikolo [FLT] [FLT]

“ Khoma Lauu Lokhala Chete”

Njira yobisira anthu ena nthaŵi zambiri imaletsa akuluakulu a boma kuulula khalidwe loipa la anzawo, nthaŵi zina mwa kuopseza anthu kapena akatswiri kuti abwezere, kuteteza anthu ochita zoipa ndi madipatimenti oteteza zinyama kuti asaonedwe.

Zinthu Zosakwanira Kuyang’anira Mitembo

Mabungwe auyang'anira wa boma, oyang'anira, ndi mabungwe a za m’dziko kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala osafunika ndi osayamikiridwa. Iwo angayang'anizane ndi zidzudzulo zikwizikwi, zotsogolera ku kufufuza kwanthaŵi yaitali ndi zochepera zopezedwa. Malinga ndi [[FLT]] .[FLT] Association for Civinian Oversition of Law Enforcement [FLT] [FLT:]], uyang'aniro wogwira mtima umafunikira ndalama zoperekedwa, mphamvu ya nyuputeena, ndi kudziimira pa ndandanda ya polisi ya lamulo.

Zitetezero za Malamulo ndi Zosungidwa

Mabungwe a apolisi akambirana mapangano amene angateteze maofesala kuti asadziimbe mlandu. Makonzedwe onga ngati “chilango chiyenera kuikidwa mkati mwa nthaŵi yochepa,”“ Oyang’anira ali ndi kuyenera kwa kupenda mawu odandaula asanafunsidwa,” ndi “kudandaula kwachinsinsi sikukafufuzidwa n’kofala. Kuwonjezerapo, chiphunzitso cha kuteteza chitetezo choyenerera chingachititse kuti apolisi asakhale olakwa mwaumwini chifukwa cha kuswa lamulo, ngakhale pamene achita zinthu molakwika.

Kusaphunzira Bwino Makhalidwe ndi Kuchepetsa Ulemu

Masukulu ambiri amapereka kwa maola ochepa chabe malangizo a makhalidwe abwino, tsankho, ndi kulephera kusamala, pamene akuthera maola mazana ambiri ku mfuti ndi njira zodzitetezera. Oyang'anira amaloŵa m’munda osakonzekera kusamalira mavuto a maganizo, kuchita zinthu popanda chiwawa, kapena kuyendera chikhalidwe. Madongosolo oŵerengera sangathetse kulephera kuphunzitsa; angalangize zotsatira zimene maphunziro akanaletsa.

Maluso Olimbikitsira Kudziŵerengera Mlandu

Palibe kusintha kokwanira, koma ngati tiphatikiza pamodzi, njira zotsatirazi zingachititse kuti munthu adziŵerengera mlandu.

Mabodi Oyang’anira Odziimira Awo

Mabungwe opangidwa ndi ziŵalo za chitaganya zopanda kugwirizana ndi lamulo angapende madandaulo, kuŵerengera kugwiritsira ntchito kwa zochitika za mphamvu, ndi kupanga zilozero za lamulo. Mabungwe ogwira mtima kwambiri ali ndi mphamvu yaing'ono yapansipane, uphungu walamulo, ndi ulamuliro wa kukakamiza umboni. Zitsanzo zonga Office of Policementts ku Washington, D.C. zasonyeza kuti ukatswiri wodziimira paokha ungachepetse madandaulo ndi kuwonjezera chidaliro cha anthu.

Macamera-worn Comment

Makamera a thupi, ataphatikizidwa ndi malamulo omveka bwino onena za nthaŵi yojambula ndi mmene kutsalira kumasungidwa, akupereka mbiri ya kuwonana. Kufufuza kwapeza kuti makamera amachepetsa madandaulo onse aŵiri ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zochitika zamphamvu. Komabe, iwo sali opanga: apolisi angalephere kutseka makamera, ndipo mapazi angaletsedwe kapena kukonzedwa. Policies ayenera kulamula kuti nyimbo zitulutsidwe mwachibadwa m'zochitika zazikulu.

Njira Zoloŵetsera Zinthu Zidakali Zochepa

Madongosolo achenjezo a mbendera oyambirira amene amasonyeza njira za makhalidwe osokoneza [1] monga ngati kudandaula kwambiri, kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu, kapena ziŵerengero zokwera za masiteshoni a galimoto. Maofesala ameneŵa angaperekedwe uphungu, kulangiza, kapena kuyang'anira koyandikira asanayambe kuwonjezeka. Procliced Research Forum [1] yafalitsa malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito madongosolo otero mogwira mtima.

Malamulo Ongokanidwa ndi Uyang’aniro Wausilikali

Pamene Dipatimenti ya Chilungamo ya United States ipeza njira kapena machitachita a upo apolisi osagwirizana ndi boma, ikhoza kuloŵa m'chilamulo chovomereza chimene chikufuna kuti dipatimenti ipereke masinthidwe ena. Malamulo ogwirizana m’mizinda monga Baltimore, New Orleans, ndi Cleveland atsogolera kuwongolera malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu, ntchito yopanda tsankho, ndi pangano la anthu, ngakhale kuti njirayo ingatenge zaka khumi kapena zoposa.

Kulimbitsa Zitetezero za Mavu

Akuluakulu amene amasimba za kusadziletsa kwawo kaŵirikaŵiri amabwezera. Malamulo amene amatetezera oimba malikhweru kugwetsedwa, kuwombera, kapena kuvutitsidwa [1] monga Law Brign of Rights Reformation [1] m'maiko ena "nchofunika kuswa chikhalidwe cha kukhala chete.

Maphunziro Enieni a Dziko Lonse Kuchokera ku Zoyesayesa za Kusintha

Kupenda nkhani zenizeni kumavumbula ponse paŵiri kuthekera ndi kupereŵera kwa kuŵerengera mlandu.

Seattle, Washington: Uyang’aniro wa M’chitaganya

Seattle’s Community Police Community Community Commission, yomwe inakhazikitsidwa pambuyo pa lamulo la DOJ, imaphatikizapo ziŵalo zovota kuchokera ku zigawo zosiyanasiyana ndipo zimachita modziimira pa ofesi ya apolisi. Bungwelo limapenda malamulo, magawo a anthu omvetsera, ndi kuvomereza kuti adziwitse mlandu. Lipoti la 2022 linasonyeza kutsika kwa 30% kwa zochitika za kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kuyambira pamene bungwelo linayamba ntchito yake.

Camden, New Jersey: Wobadwanso wa Dipatimenti

Mu 2013, Camden anawononga gulu lake lonse la apolisi pambuyo pa zaka zambiri zachinyengo ndiponso kusadalirana. Dipatimenti yatsopano ya boma la chigawochi inatengera chitsanzo chapolisi ya boma, kupempha akuluakulu a boma kuti amenye, apite ku misonkhano yapafupi, ndi kulandira maphunziro ochepetsa mphamvu ya dziko kwa maola 40. Chilatini chinatha kwambiri ndipo madandaulo anatsika ndi 95% pa zaka zisanu zokha. Kufufuza kwa Camden kunasonyeza kuti kusintha kwakukulu kwa mapulogalamu, ngakhale kuti n’kovuta, kukhoza.

Los Angeles: Lamulo Lovomerezana Likuperekedwa Monga Katalyst

Pambuyo pa kuchititsa manyazi kwa Rampart kwa ma 1990 .kumene kunapezeka kuti apolisi anachitapo kanthu pa za mankhwala, malonda a mankhwala, ndi kuwombera . LapD inagwira ntchito pansi pa lamulo la boma kuyambira 2001 mpaka 2013. Lamulolo linakakamiza dipatimenti kukhazikitsa njira za kompyuta zogwiritsira ntchito kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, kukhazikitsa njira yoloŵerera mwamsanga, ndi kupanga mkulu wa oyang’anira. Pamene kuli kwakuti mavuto atsala, LaPD tsopano imaonedwa kukhala mtsogoleri wa ntchito ya kuŵerengera kwa makompyuta.

Chicago: Kumenyera Nkhondo Kusintha Zinthu

Dipatimenti ya apolisi ya Chicago yakhala ikulamulidwa kuyambira 2019 pambuyo pa kutulutsidwa kwa vidiyo yosonyeza kupha kwa Laquan McDonald . Masinthidwe aphatikizapo njira zatsopano zothandizira anthu ovutika, maphunziro, ndi bungwe loyang’anira asilikali. Komabe, kupita patsogolo sikunayende bwino, ndi kulephera kulengeza kuchedwa ndi kutsutsa kwa bungwe la apolisi. Chicago ikusonyeza kuti ngakhale ndi malamulo a boma, kuŵerengera mlandu kwenikweni kumafuna kuti anthu ayambe kuyendera mfundo zandale ndiponso kuti apitirizebe.

Kusintha kwa Zipangizo za Umisiri

Zipangizo zamakono zimapereka zipangizo zamphamvu zothandizira kuwala, komanso zimayambitsa ngozi zatsopano zimene ziyenera kusamalidwa.

Matupi ndi Makhamera Odumpha: Chikalata Chosakanizidwa

Makamera opangidwa ndi thupi tsopano ali oyenerera m'madipatimenti ambiri. Kufufuza kuchokera ku [FLT: 0] Journal of Quantitive Criminology kunapeza kuti makamera anachepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mphamvu ndi 37% ndi madandaulo pa 30%. Komabe zotulukapo zimadalira pa malamulo: madipatimenti amene amalola akuluakulu kuona mapazi asanalembe malipo angatsutse mapindu olinganizidwa, monga momwe maofesala angalinganizi awo. Machitidwe abwino koposa akuti apolisi alembe zochita zonse ndi anthu onse ndi kuti mapazi asungidwe kwa masiku pafupifupi 90.

Malo a GPS ndi Malo Odzipangira

Kufufuza malo oyendera galimoto kumathandiza oyang’anira kuonetsetsa kuti apolisi abisa mahatchi awo ndi kuti sachita zinthu zosafunikira.

Zolembedwa Zopeka Zodziŵira Nkhani

Mabungwe ambiri tsopano amafalitsa mabodi amene amagwiritsira ntchito zophonya zamphamvu, kuima kwa magalimoto, ndi zotsatirapo. Zida zimenezi zimapatsa mphamvu atolankhani, ofufuza, ndi anthu kuti adziŵerengera madipatimenti. Brennan Center ya Chilungamo [[FL:1] imalimbikitsa kuti madipatimenti onse apange chidziŵitso chimenechi m'mafashoni a makina.

Kuopsa kwa Kulosera za Kugonana ndi Kupweteka

Maajensi ophunzitsidwa za mbiri yakale otsegulira atha kupititsa patsogolo tsankho la fuko ndi la kakhalidwe ka anthu. Ngati madongosolo oŵerengera mlandu adalira pa anthu amene ali pangozi ya AI okha, angawonjezere kulakwa kwenikweni kumene afuna kuwongolera. Uyang'aniro wa munthu, kufufuza kwanthaŵi zonse, ndi kuonekera kwa ndandanda ya malamulo nkofunika.

Kuphunzitsa ndi Kusintha kwa Chikhalidwe Pansi pa Lamulo

Kuŵerengeredwa mlandu sikuli kokha chifukwa cha chilango cha kusadziletsa kwa munthu ndi kuletsa chilangocho mwa maphunziro ndi kusintha kwa chikhalidwe.

Kuthandiza Opaleshoni ndi Mavuto

Madipatimenti a apolisi oposa 2,700 ayamba kuchita mapulogalamu a PIT, amene amaphunzitsa akuluakulu a boma mmene angadziŵire matenda a maganizo, kulankhulana bwino, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zopanda chiwawa pothetsa mikangano.

Kufufuza Mwachisawawa ndi Mwambo

Kufufuza kumasonyeza kuti tsankho losazindikira lingayambukire kupanga zosankha pa kukumana kwachiŵiri. Maphunziro amene amathandiza akuluakulu kuzindikira ndi kuchepetsa tsankho limeneli asonyezedwa kuchepetsa kusiyana kwa mafuko m'kufufuza. Komabe, maphunziro okha si okwanira; ayenera kuyendera limodzi ndi malamulo amene amaletsa machitachita olakwika, monga ngati kuletsa malemba asanathe.

Makhalidwe Abwino ndi Umphumphu Monga Mapindu

Madipatimenti angapo a apolisi agwirizanitsa kupanga zosankha za makhalidwe m'maphunziro awo a sukulu. Fakitale ya Policing Standard [1] Yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Dipatimenti ya Apolisi ya New York, imagwiritsira ntchito kufufuza milandu ndi maphunziro ozikidwa pa zochitika kulimbikitsa kufunika kwa umphumphu ngakhale pansi pa chitsenderezo.

Kuŵerengera Mlandu

Masinthidwe sadzagwirizana ngati oyang'anira ndi akulu saŵerengeredwa mlandu wa kulephera. Kuchirikiza kuyenera kugwirizanitsidwa ndi mbiri ya wolamulira m'zochitika za kuchepetsa madandaulo, kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito ntchito polishi ya chitaganya, ndi kutsimikizira kuti apolisi atsatira malamulo a kamera yopanga kamera. Mabungwe ena tsopano amagwiritsira ntchito “zikalata zoŵerengera za" kwa antchito a lamulo.

Kuthandiza Anthu ndi Kupereka Chitetezo kwa Anthu Onse

Kuŵerengera ndiko misewu ya mbali ziŵiri. Anthu ayenera kukhala ndi mpando pathebulo poumba malamulo a upolisi ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri.

Apolisi a M’deralo Achita Zoyenera

Polishi ya boma si ndawala ya PR yokha. Imafuna gawo lachikhalire la apolisi ku madera, misonkhano yokhazikika, ndi mavuto onse pamodzi ndi anthu okhala m’deralo. Ngati ichitidwa bwino, imalimbikitsa kuyang'anira kwamwaŵi ndi kuchepetsa kufunika kwa kusungitsa lamulo la oweruza. U.S. Dipatimenti ya Justice of Community Orient Policing Services (COPS) Ofesity imapereka chuma ndi maphunziro ochirikiza ntchito zimenezi.

Kupanga Ndalama Zothandiza Anthu Onse

Mizinda ina yayesa kulola nzika kusankha mmene ndalama za apolisi zimawonongedwera. Mwachitsanzo, Komiti ya Ufulu wa Kukonza Malo ku New York City [[FLT: 0] inalola mamembala a chitaganya kupezera ndalama zothandizira achinyamata, mautumiki a zaumoyo, ndi magetsi a m’khwalala . Kuchotsa katundu pa apolisi ndi kuthetsa zochititsa za upandu.

Mabungwe Oyang’anira Anthu Okhala ndi Mphamvu Zenizeni

Mabungwe ambiri openda zinthu ndi ongonena za anthu wamba, opanda ulamuliro wa kulangiza kapena kukakamiza kusintha kwa malamulo. Ochita ntchito za boma atsutsa kuti mabungwe ayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu, ofufuza odziimira, ndi kukhoza kuvomereza zotulukapo zimene mfumu imafunikira kutengera kapena kulongosola m’kulemba.

Chilungamo Chobwezera ndi Kukambitsirana kwa Apolisi

Pamene apolisi achita chisembwere, oweruza okonzanso angagwirizanitse wovutitsidwayo, mkulu wa asilikali, ndi nthumwi za m’mudzi kukambitsirana za kuvulaza ndi kugwirizana pa mankhwala. Pamene kuli kwakuti si koyenera pa milandu yowopsa, njira imeneyi yagwiritsiridwa ntchito mwachipambano m’mizinda yonga Longmont, Colorado kukonzanso chikhulupiriro pambuyo pa zochitika zazing'ono.

Kumaliza: Njira Yake Ikupita Patsogolo

Kuyang'anira malamulo si ntchito yokha koma ntchito yopitirizabe. Palibe lamulo limodzi lomwe. Ngakhale kamera ya bungwe, uyang'aniro, kapena malamulo ogwirizana . Kusintha kokhalitsa kumafuna kusintha kogwirizana: zopereka zooneka, uyang'anira, luntha laluso, kuphunzitsidwa, ndi kugwirizana kwenikweni kwa anthu. Mavutowo ndi ofunika, koma nthaŵi iliyonse imene apolisi amachita zinthu popanda kuŵerengeredwa mlandu, amawononga ndi kuyenerera kwa dongosolo la chiweruzo. Komanso, nthaŵi iliyonse pamene gulu litenga mlandu pa zolakwa, kulangiza, kumvetsera ku chitaganya, amatumikira. Njira ya kutsogolo imafuna kudzipereka kopitirizabe kuchokera kwa opanga, apolisi, ndi anthu omwe ndi oyandikana. Ilonjezerani chilo cha lamulo la chilungamo. Imenetu, ndi anthu onse akakhala oweruza, ndi anthu omwe ndi oyenera kukwaniritsa lamulo la chilungamo.