Kusintha kwa Zinthu Zoopsa Zoteteza

Kwa zaka makumi ambiri, njira zotetezera dziko ndi kuletsa uchigaŵenga zakhala zikupangidwa chifukwa cha maganizo akuti anthu ochita zachiwawa amachokera makamaka ku malingaliro, ndale, kapena chipembedzo. Pamene kuli kwakuti oyendetsa galimotowo adakali oyenerera, kusintha kwatsopano kwasintha: zotsatirapo za kusintha kwa nyengo ndi kusoŵa kwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Kusintha kwa kupsinjika ndi chitetezo cha anthu sikulinso vuto lakutali, nkhaŵa yachiwonekere yachiwonekere "iri chenicheni chamakono chimene chikusintha malo otetezerako a magulu a zachitetezo, mabungwe a aluso, ndi opanga malamulo ofanana. Kuyang'anira zinthu zotsutsana ndi kuukira upandu, nkofunika kwambiri kuzindikira mmene kusokonezeka kwa nyengo sikungachitire monga kuwopseza, kuyambitsa mikhalidwe yamphamvu ndi kuyambitsa zipatso zachiwawa.

Mmene Kusintha kwa Nyengo Kumakhudzira Chisungiko Mwachindunji

Kusintha kwa nyengo sikumachititsa uchigawenga kuchitika mwachindunji, koma umagwirizana ndi mavuto a anthu, azachuma, ndi andale omwe amachititsa kuti pakhale nkhondo.

Zochitika Zanyengo Zoopsa ndi Kutha kwa Boma

Zilala zambiri ndi zowopsa, mafunde, mafunde, ndi mphepo zamkuntho zimadzetsa ndalama zambiri ndi kuyesa mphamvu ya maboma kuvomereza. Pamene boma lilephera kupereka mautumiki ofunika, kutetezera nzika zake, kapena kumanganso malo ake pambuyo pa tsoka. Magulu a uchigaŵenga amafulumira kudzaza malo olamulira, kupereka mitundu ina ya chilungamo, thandizo, kapena chitetezo. Mwachitsanzo, m'chigawo cha Sahel cha Africa, chilala chopambanitsa chawononga alimi ndi alimi, kusonkhezera anthu kupikisana ndi mphukuto ndi madzi. Magulu a Militant amafulumira kudzaza mabwinja, kupereka zitsutso, thandizo, kapena chitetezo chakugwiritsira ntchito katundu monga kufunafuna zida ndi malo odzitetezera. [FUF:]

Kusamuka Ndiponso Kusamuka

Kusokonezeka kwa malo okhala kumakakamiza anthu mamiliyoni ambiri kuchoka m'nyumba zawo chaka chilichonse. Kusamuka kwa mkati ndi mdadada kumavuta kwambiri pa anthu ogonera, maziko, ndi mautumiki a anthu. M'misasa ya zimbudzi zokhala ndi anthu ambiri kapena m'matauni, zidandaulo zingakule. Kulephera kupeza ntchito, maphunziro, ndi chilungamo kumachititsa kuti anthu othaŵa kwawo ayambe kulowa m’magulu ovuta. Kufufuza kochitidwa ndi STRT Center [1] kupezedwa kuti m'maiko angapo a mu Africa, nyengo yosachedwa imagwirizana ndi kufalikira kwa maselo auchigaŵenga. Pamene anthu othaŵa kwawo atengedwa m’dzikolo kapena ochitidwa monga opatuka kunja, ndi zidani zampatuko zingatuluke, kuwonjezereka madera ofooka.

Kukhazikika kwa Chuma ndi Mpikisano wa Zinthu Zachilengedwe

Kusintha kwa nyengo kumafooketsa mwachindunji mbali zimene mamiliyoni amadalira pa kupulumuka . Kulima, kupha nsomba, ndi nkhalango . Pamene kututa sikukuchitika, mitengo ya chakudya, ndi ndalama za kumidzi zikutha. Mavuto azachuma akuwonjezera kukopa magulu ogwirizana onyamula zida amene angapereke malipiro osalekeza, malo a chikhalidwe, kapena cholinga. M'nyanja ya Chad Basin, kuwonongeka kwa Nyanja ya Chad ndi oposa 90% kuyambira pamene zaka za 1960 zawononga usodzima ndi ulimi, kuchotsa anthu oposa 30 miliyoni ndi kupanga chomangira chimene Bokoham ndi Chigawo cha Chisilamu cha West Africa (ISWAP) chadyedwa. [FL:] PUP]

Kuwononga Chuma Monga Chopinga Chachikulu Koposa Kupulula

Pamene kuli kwakuti kusintha kwa nyengo kumagwira ntchito monga chotsendereza, kusoŵa kwa chuma ndiko kudandaula kwa mwamsanga kwakuti otsendereza agwiritsira ntchito madzi. Acception ku madzi, malo okhoza kusungunuka, mphamvu, ndi mamineral nzofunika kwambiri ku moyo wa anthu ndi ulemu. Pamene chuma chimenechi chikhala chosoŵa, mpikisano umakula pamlingo uliwonse: pakati pa mabanja, chitaganya, maboma, ndipo ngakhale kumaiko onse.

Kulimbana kwa Madzi

Madzi mwina ndiwo oyendetsa bwino kwambiri nkhondo m’madera ouma ndi ozizira kwambiri. Kuchepa kwa mvula ndi kusungunuka kwa madzi oundana kumasokoneza mtsinje, kuopseza kuthirira ndi kumwa. Madambo a mtsinje wa Transufulary [1] monga Nile, Eufrate, Indus , ndi Yordano ndi malo oonekera kumene kukwera ndi kutsikira kwa madzi akuda kumakhala kotsutsana. Magulu a a ganda angagwirizanitse maboma ameneŵa kuti akhale ngati ogwirizana kapena osavuta kuchepetsa anthu ena. Ku Yemen, zaka za kusasamala ndi chilala ndi kutentha zina zochokera kudera la madzi, kumene Hif kampani imagwira ntchito yochirikiza boma. Kumenyana kwa madzi kungayambitsenso chiwawa, kuchititsa kuti magalimoto ateteze, kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi a zachigawa a m'matope.

Dziko Lowonongeka ndi Chakudya Chosatetezereka

Magulu a anthu olimapo ayamba kuchulukana monga Al-Shabab pa mikangano imeneyi, kumanga mapangano amene amapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala ndi moyo wabwino komanso kuti azigwira ntchito. M’madera ankhondo monga Somalia ndi Sudan, anthu olimbana ndi malo otere ayamba kusoŵa mtendere pakati pa abusa ndi alimi. Magulu ankhondo monga Al-Shabab adziika okha monga olimbana nawo pa mikangano imeneyi, kumanga mapangano amene amapangitsa kuti azikhala bwino ndi malo ogwirira ntchito. Kusoŵa chakudya ndi njala zachititsa kusowa chochita, ndipo anthu ovutikawo angakhale ofunitsitsa kuthandiza magulu amene akuwalonjeza kuti adzawabwezera chifukwa cha mavuto awo. The World Food Programme yachenjeza mobwerezabwereza kuti nyengo ikuchititsa anthu ambiri kukhala ndi njala yaikulu, yomangika ndi kusoŵa mtendere m’mayiko osalimba.

Kuthamanga kwa Mphamvu ya Magetsi ndi Kusintha kwa Zachuma

Kupeza mphamvu zokwera mtengo ndi chinthu chinanso. Kudalira mafuta otsala pansi kumachititsa mayiko ambiri kusokonezeka maganizo ndi kusokonezeka kwa zinthu. M’madera amene boma limalephera kupereka magetsi odalirika, anthu a m’madera ena angapite ku misika yamwayi, ziphuphu, kapena ngakhale anthu ozembetsa zinthu zogwirizana ndi zida zankhondo. Komanso, kupikisana kwa mafuta ndi mafuta ndi gasi kwakhala kuyendetsa nkhondo yachiweniweni, kuchokera ku Niger Delta mpaka ku madera otsutsana a Iraq. Nkhondo zimenezi zimakula pamene nyengo isintha zinthu zowononga zachilengedwe zimene zawonongeka chifukwa cha kukumba, kuipitsa madzi ndi kuwononga mafamu .

Magulu Olinganizidwa a Uchigaŵenga Wolimbana ndi Uchigaŵenga m’Kusintha kwa Nyengo

Chigaŵenga chamwambo chikufika pa zinthu [1] Kulimbana ndi uchigawenga, kugawana nzeru, chitetezo cha m'malire , n’zofunika koma n’zosakwanira polimbana ndi kusakhazikika kwa nyengo. Njira yomveka iyenera kukambirana zochititsa kusokonezeka kwa zinthu: kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala, kuchepa kwa ulamuliro, kuchepetsako malire a zachuma, ndi kugawikana kwa chikhalidwe.

Kumanganso Nyengo m’Magulu Ovuta Kuwathetsa

Kufufuza za kusintha kwa nyengo kumachepetsa mwachindunji mikhalidwe imene otsutsa amagwiritsira ntchito. Maprojekiti amene amabwezeretsa nthaka yowonongeka, kuwongolera chipambano cha madzi, kuyambitsa mbewu zoteteza chilala, ndi kupereka njira zina zochiritsira zingalimbitse kulimba kwa chitaganya. Mwachitsanzo, Great Green Wall inayamba kukonza Sahel kuti ibwezeretse mahekita 100 miliyoni a dziko, kukonzanso chitetezo cha chakudya, ndi kupanga ntchito. Pamene kuli kwakuti programu ya malo ozungulira, mapindu ake a chisungiko ali ofunika: mwa kupereka anthu mtengo mtsogolo mwawo ndi kuchepetsa nkhondo ya chuma, imapangitsa kuti magulu a anthu otsutsa a zigawenga ndi zitukuko zauka. Mabungwe a kachitidwe ka ka kapenye ndi kachitidwe kake ka zinthu m'malo odziŵika monga pa-kris.

Kulimbitsa Ulamuliro ndi Ulamuliro wa Chilamulo

Kusintha kwa nyengo kokha sikokwanira. Maboma ayenera kusonyeza kuti angayendetse bwino chuma ndiponso mopindulitsa. Ziphuphu ndi kukondera pogaŵira chithandizo kapena kupatsa ufulu malo kaŵirikaŵiri zimawonjezera kudandaula. Kuonekeratu, kuŵerengera ulamuliro ndi njira yamphamvu kwambiri yothetsera nkhani zoyambitsa. Oyendetsa ndi anzawo apadziko lonse ayenera kulumikiza chithandizo choletsa uchigaŵenga kuti ayang'anene ndi kusintha zinthu, kuphatikizapo njira zoletsa ukatangale, ntchito za boma, ndi njira zopanga zigamuwenga zimene zimapatsa mawu. Pamene anthu alingalira kuti boma lingakwaniritse zosoŵa zawo, iwo sangakhale okhoza kuchirikiza njira zachiwawa.

Njira Zochenjezera Anthu Zoyambirira ndi Zolosera

Ziŵiya zoyendera ubongo zingathandize kudziŵiratu kumene kupsinjika maganizo ndi ziwopsezo za nyengo zingagwirizane. Kuyang'anira mlingo wa madzi, zitsamba, ndi kusamuka kwa anthu . Nthano zodziŵira mahospice asanatuluke kukhala chiwawa. Mitundu Yogwirizana ndi maboma angapo inayamba kale kugwiritsira ntchito madongosolo ochenjeza oyambirira amene amagwirizanitsa zizindikiro za malo okhala. Kulinganiza zoyesayesa zimenezi ndi kuzigwirizanitsa ndi njira zothandizira anthu ndi chitetezo . Zotsatirapo. Zotsatiraponderezedwazo zingatetezere mavuto a kuwonjezereka. Mlandu za KYSCS .

Makampani Opanga Zinthu Zosiyanasiyana Ogwirizana

Kusintha kwa nyengo ndi kusoŵa kwa zinthu. Mitsinje imafunika kugawana, ma aquifer, ndi malo a zamoyo. Motero zoyesayesa za uchigaŵenga zolimbana ndi zigaŵenga ziyenera kuwonjezera pa kugwirizana kwa madera ndi dziko lonse. Njira zimene zilipo, monga Nyanja ya Chad Basin Commission kapena Msonkhano wa International Conference ku Great Lakes Regimes, zikhoza kukhala mapulatifomu kuti zigwirizane ndi chitetezo cha nyengo. Bungwe la United Nations Security lakhala ndi mikangano ingapo yosagwirizana ndi chitetezo cha nyengo, koma yosatha kulephera. Kulimbikitsa makambitsiranowa ndi zithandizo za mtendere wa padziko lonse ku Great Lakes Reant Counsion kukonzation nkofunika.

Luso la Umisiri ndi Kusintha Monga Mphamvu Zambiri

Zipangizo zamakono zimapereka zipangizo zamphamvu zoyendera, kuneneratu, ndi kuchepetsa kutetezeka kwa nyengo. Satellite yakutali imaona zizindikiro zoyambirira za chilala kapena kulephera kwa mbewu; luntha lopanga lingawone chiyambukiro cha kupereŵera kwa chuma pa madera a anthu; tizilombo tamagetsi tokhalanso ndi mphamvu tikhoza kupereka mphamvu zodalirika kwa malo otetezera ndi anthu mofananamo, kuchepetsa kudalira kwa mizere yaitali, yosavuta kunyamula mafuta imene imaukiridwa kaŵirikaŵiri ndi anthu oukira.

Kujambula Zithunzi m’Chisatellite ndi Kufufuza za Malo

Makampani angagwiritsire ntchito chidziŵitso chapamwamba chothetsera mavuto kuti alondole kupululuka, kusintha kwa madzi, ndi malo oletsedwa oloŵa m'nthaŵi yeniyeni. Luntha limeneli limathandiza kuneneratu kumene nkhondo za ziŵiya zingachitike, kulola magulu a zachitetezo ndi mabungwe othandiza anthu kuloŵererapo mwamsanga. ku Somalia, kuyang'anira madamu a madzi kwagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyembekezera kulimbana pakati pa abusa ndi alimi, kutheketsa kuyambitsa chiwawa chisanayambe kufalikira.

Mphamvu Zotha Kukonzedwanso Zothandiza Kuti Pakhale Chitetezo

Malo a asilikali ndi apolisi a m'malo akutali, ovuta kwambiri amadalira majenereta a dizilo, ofuna ntchito zokwera mtengo ndi zoopsa. Malo osungiramo zinthu ndi mabatire angachepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta, kuchepetsa malo oyendera, ndi ndalama zotsika . Kuwonjezera apo, kuika ntchito zamagetsi zomanganso magetsi zoyendera bwino pamalopo kungawongolere mayanjano mwa kugaŵira magetsi oyera ku midzi yapafupi, kuchepetsa nkhani zonena kuti boma silisamala za kuvutika kwa anthu.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mabuku Othandiza Kupeza Mamepu Oika Pangozi

Maajensi a maajensi amene amagwiritsira ntchito mapulogalamu a kuchuluka kwa nyengo, a zachuma, ndi mbiri yolimbana angayambitse mapu oopsa ndi kugamulapo kwa kanthaŵi kochepa. Mapuwa angatsogolere kugawidwa kwa chithandizo cha kukonza zinthu, olondera, ndi zipangizo zochenjezera mwamsanga. Komabe, zida zoterozo ziyenera kugwiritsiridwa ntchito mosamala: chidziŵitso chosalongosoka kapena zithunzi zolakwika zingachirikize kukhalako kapena kutsogolera ku chivomerezo cha zopanga zokhala ndi zida zankhondo ku zitoko.

Kufufuza za Kuipa kwa Nyengo ndi Uchigaŵenga

Saheli: Dziko Lozungulira ndi Lachiwawa

Kudutsa Burkina Faso, Mali, ndi Niger, kufutukuka kwa chipululu cha Sahara kwachititsa abusa ndi alimi kukhala ndi mpikisano waukulu. Magulu ankhondo ogwirizana ndi al-Qaeda ndi Chisilamu agwiritsira ntchito mavuto ameneŵa, kuloŵerera m'madera onse aŵiriwo mwa kupereka zida, ndalama, ndi kuteteza. Chiŵerengero cha imfa za nkhondo zogwirizana ndi Sahel mu Sahel zawonjezeka, ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu 100,000 mu 20222 okha. Kusintha kwa nyengo sikuli chifukwa chokha cha kutsendereza, kuchepa kwa dziko, ndi kulanda zida zankhondo kuseŵeranso mbali zazikulu za dziko. Koma ndi ntchito yaikulu yolimbana ndi nkhondo. Kulimbana ndi ntchito zankhondo za ku France ndi Opera Opera Barkhane (kuthawa) ndi kukonza mtendere kwa UN, kuvutikira kuchititsa kuti ayambe kusoŵa chidziŵitso cha mphamvu ya kusoŵa kwa mphamvu ya kuyendetsa malo ndi kusoŵa kwa lamulo lakuwononga malo. Dzikoli kuli bwino lomwe: Kulimbana kwa dziko kumene kuli kuphera imfa.

Nyanja ya Chad Basin: Vuto Losasamala Koposa la Dziko Lonse

Kuchepa kwa Nyanja ya Chad kwachotsa dziko mamiliyoni ambiri ndi kuwononga moyo wamwambo. Boko Haram ndi ISWAP anafalikira m'chipwirikiti chimenechi, pogwiritsa ntchito malo ovuta, otetezeka kunyanjayi monga malo osungirako zinthu. Magulu ankhondo a mitundu yonse a gulu la asilikali (MNTF) ankhondo yomayatsa dziko lapansi, Niger, Chad, ndi Cameroon , ndipo akuchititsa nkhondo, koma chiwawa chikupitiriza. Njira yothetsera yanthaŵi yaitali ikufuna kukonzanso zachilengedwe za nyanja, kuloŵetsa ntchito zina zachuma monga kuyendetsa khofi ndi kupha nsomba kwa dzuŵa, ndi kuteteza kumene kumachititsa kuti anthu abwerere kwawo popanda chitetezo. Popanda kuyendetsa nkhondo, chuma chankhondo chidzakhala cha kanthaŵi kochepa.

Suriya: Kusefukira kwa Nkhondo ya Chiŵeniŵeni

Ngakhale kuti nkhondo yachiŵeniŵeni ya ku Suriya sinayambitse kokha chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo, umboni ukusonyeza kuti chilala chachikulu kuyambira mu 2006 mpaka 2010 chinawononga midzi ya alimi, kukakamiza anthu oposa miliyoni imodzi kuloŵa m’midzi ya m’midzi ya kumidzi kumidzi monga Aleppo, Hama, ndi Damasiko. Kusamuka kwa anthu kumeneku kunapangitsa chitsenderezo chachikulu pa nyumba ndi mautumiki, kuwonjezera zifukwa zotsutsana ndi boma la Assad, ndipo kunathandizira ku chiwembu cha anthu cha pa kachilombo chimene chinabuka mu 2011. Magulu a Asilamu monga momwe boma la Asilamu anatengerapo chipwirikiti ndi kuchepetsa madera a Sunni. Asuria anasonyeza momvetsa mmene kupanikizika kwa malo okhala ndi anthu kupondereza ndale zadziko ndi kuukira nkhondo.

Kumaliza: Kufuna Lamulo Losafunika

Kulimbana ndi uchigaŵenga m'nyengo ya kusintha kwa nyengo ndi kusoŵa kwa chuma kumafuna kusinkhasinkha kwakukulu kwa malingaliro. Chisungiko sichingafikiridwe kokha mwa njira zankhondo; chiyenera kumangidwa pa maziko a kukhazikika kwa malo okhala, moyo wokhalitsa, ndi ulamuliro wodziwiratu. Nexus pakati pa kupsinjika kwa nyengo ndi chiwawa chowopsa sizimaletsa kuponderezana kapena kuvuta. Madera ambiri amene amayang'anizana ndi mavuto a malo okhala samakhala auchigaŵenga. Komabe, pamene ulamuliro uli wofooka, kudalirana kwa zinthu za m’dziko kuli kwamphamvu, ndipo chuma chimawonongedwa, kuwonjezereka kwa ngozi.

Opanga malamulo ayenera kutsatira njira “yolimbana ndi upandu wodziŵika bwino” imene imagwirizanitsa kuthekera kwa malo okhala ndi kulinganiza dziko, kusungitsa ndalama zosinthira ku zidutswa zotentha, ndi kulimbikitsa kugwirizana kwa chigawo pa kuyang'anira zinthu zotsala. Njira zapadziko lonse zothandizira ndalama, monga Green Climate Fund, ziyenera kuyambitsa ntchito za nkhondo yolimbana ndi yosalimba, ndi yosalimba, ndi zotetezera zachilengedwe. Komanso, ndalama zotsutsana ndi zida za apandu ziyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zofunika pa kusintha kwa nyengo, kuchirikiza moyo, ndi kukhazikitsa mphamvu ya nkhondo ndi kuyang'anira.

Kugwirizana pakati pa madzi oundana ndi mabomba ophulika mu Sahel kungaoneke ngati kwakutali, koma kuli mbali ya dongosolo limodzimodzilo. Kulephera kuthetsa mavuto a malo osoŵa chitetezo kudzangotsimikizira kuti mavuto atsopano akuchitika mofulumira kuposa akale angathetsedwe. Mwa kuyang'ana mlingo waukulu, wophatikizapo madzi, chakudya, malo, ndi nyengo yolimba, maboma sangachepetse oyendetsa uchigaŵenga komanso kukhazikika, kupambana, ndi kukhazikitsa mtendere kwa anthu kwa nthaŵi yaitali.